高速动态三维面形测量
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摘要
针对物体表面满足连续性假设的快变化物体的三维面形测量,提出基于二维小波变换解调相位主值、最小二乘相位展开方法.其优势在于,一是只需要投影一幅条纹图案即可重建物体形貌,进而实现高速动态三维测量;二是相较于傅里叶变换轮廓术,二维小波变换轮廓术具有更好的抑噪能力;三是最小二乘相位展开鲁棒性好,相位展开平滑.通过计算机仿真比较了3种母小波的二维小波变换解调相位主值的结果,同时比较了多种空间相位展开的结果.最后,分别对动态椭球体、连续凸起曲面和动态水波波纹进行仿真或实验,所得结果验证了该方法的有效性.
Aiming at the 3D surface measurement of the fast changing object of which surface satisfies the continuity assumptions, a method that wrapped phase demodulating based on two-dimensional wavelet transform and phase unwrapping based on least square method is proposed. Its advantage is that, firstly, only one fringe pattern can be projected to reconstruct the shape of object, so high-speed dynamic 3D measurement can be realized. Secondly, compared with Fourier transform profilometry, two dimensional wavelet transform profilometry has better noise suppression ability. Thirdly, the least square phase unwrapping method has good robustness, unwrapping phase is smooth. The computer simulation compares the results of wrapped phase demodulating by the Fourier transform, the one dimensional and two dimensional wavelet transform, the performance of three different mother wavelet and several spatial phase unwrapping methods, and the dynamic ellipsoid,continuous convex surface and dynamic water ripple are simulated or tested respectively,and the results show the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
Aiming at the 3D surface measurement of the fast changing object of which surface satisfies the continuity assumptions, a method that wrapped phase demodulating based on two-dimensional wavelet transform and phase unwrapping based on least square method is proposed. Its advantage is that, firstly, only one fringe pattern can be projected to reconstruct the shape of object, so high-speed dynamic 3D measurement can be realized. Secondly, compared with Fourier transform profilometry, two dimensional wavelet transform profilometry has better noise suppression ability. Thirdly, the least square phase unwrapping method has good robustness, unwrapping phase is smooth. The computer simulation compares the results of wrapped phase demodulating by the Fourier transform, the one dimensional and two dimensional wavelet transform, the performance of three different mother wavelet and several spatial phase unwrapping methods, and the dynamic ellipsoid,continuous convex surface and dynamic water ripple are simulated or tested respectively,and the results show the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
引文
[1]张启灿,苏显渝.动态三维面形测量的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,2013, 50(1):1-14.Zhang Q C, Su X Y. Research progress of dynamic three-dimensional shape measurement[J].Laser&Optoelectronics Progress, 2013, 50(1):1-14.(in Chinese)
[2]蔡晨,潘斌,刘振宁.用井字结构光对规则部件进行三维测量[J].应用科学学报,2017, 35(1):107-116.Cai C, Pan B, Liu Z N. 3D Measurement of regular components based on structured light with an intersecting-parallels shape[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2017, 35(1):107-116.(in Chinese)
[3] Creath K. Phase-shifting speckle interferometry[J]. Appied Optics, 1985, 24(18):3053-3058.
[4] Fu Y J, Luo Q. Fringe projection profilometry based on a novel phase shift method[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(22):21739-21747.
[5] Takeda M, Ina H, Kobayashi S. Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,1982, 72(1):156-160.
[6] Takeda M, Mutoh K. Fourier transform profilometry for the automatic measurement of 3-D object shapes[J]. Applied Optics, 1983, 22(24):3977-3982.
[7] Abid A. Fringe pattern demodulation using the one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform:field-programmable gate array implementation[J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(7):1468-1471.
[8] Watkins L R. Phase recovery from fringe patterns using the continuous wavelet transform[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2007, 45(2):298-303.
[9] Zhang Z B, Zhong J G. Applicability analysis of wavelet-transform profilometry[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(16):18777-18796.
[10] Wang Z Y, Ma J, Minh V. Recent progress in two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform technique for fringe pattern analysis[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2012, 50(8):1052-1058.
[11] Zhong M, Chen F, Xiao C, Wei Y C. 3-D surface profilometry based on modulation measurement by applying wavelet transform method[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017,88:243-254.
[12]王建华,杨延西,马晨.基于价值函数的二维小波变换小波脊提取算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(12):2915-2923.Wang J H, Yang Y X, Ma C. Wavelet ridge extraction algorithm employing a cost function in two-dimensional wavelet transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(12):2915-2923.(in Chinese)
[13] Maruyama M, Abe S. Range sensing by projecting multiple slits with random cuts[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1993, 15(6):647-651.
[14] Liu W Y, Wang Z Q, Mu G G, Fang Z L. Three-dimensional surface profilometry using color-coded projection grating[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2001, 21(6):687-690.
[15] Wei Z L, Zhong Y X, Yuan C L. Research on the technique of dynamic 3D measurement of structured light based on color grating[J]. Optical Technique, 2009, 35(4):569-574.
[16] Huntley J M, Saldner H O. Temporal phase-unwrapping algorithm for automated interferogram anlysis[J]. Applied Optics, 1993, 32(17):3047-3052.
[17]赵文静,陈文静,苏显渝.几种时间相位展开方法的比较[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2010,47(4):785-790.Zhao W J, Chen W J, Su X Y. The comparison of several time phase unwrapping methods[J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Natural Science Edition), 2010, 47(4):785-790.(in Chinese)
[18]王长波,谢明红.格雷码与相移结合的双目三维重构[J].计算机工程,2013, 39(5):178-182.Wang C B, Xie M H. Binocular three-dimensional reconstruction combined with gray coding and phase-shift[J]. Computer Engineering, 2013, 39(5):178-182.(in Chinese)
[19]岳慧敏.基于时间相位展开的三维轮廓测量研究[D].成都:四川大学,2005:25-28.
[20]刘永久.基于结构光投影的运动物体高速实时三维测量方法研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014:3-5.
[21]钟凯.基于多视相移框架的动态物体三维面形测量技术与系统研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[22] Yang F T, Luo J L, Liu Z Q, LüX X. Comparison of six phase unwrapping algorithms[J].Laser Technology, 2008, 32(3):324-326.
[23]吴明云.二维相位展开算法的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012:16-23.
[24] Ghiglia D C, Ronero L A. Robust two-dimensional weighted and unweighted phase unwrapping that uses fast transforms and iterative methods[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1994, 11(1):107-117.
[25] Abid A. Fringe pattern demodulation using the one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform:field-programmable gate array implementation[J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(7):1468-1471.
[26] Zhang Z B, Zhong J G. Applicability analysis of wavelet-transform profilometry[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(16):18777-18796.
[27] Wang Z Y, Ma J, Minh V O. Recent progress in two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform technique for fringe pattern analysis[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2012, 50(8):1052-1058.
[28] Zhong M, Chen F, Xiao C, Wei Y C. 3-D surface profilometry based on modulation measurement by applying wavelet transform method[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017,88:243-254.
[29] Richard M G, Howard A Z, Charles L W. Satellite radar interferometry-two-dimensional phase unwrapping[J]. Radio Science, 1988, 23(4):713-720.
[30] Guo Y, Chen X T, Zhang T. Robust phase unwrapping algorithm based on least squares[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2014, 63(4):25-29.
[2]蔡晨,潘斌,刘振宁.用井字结构光对规则部件进行三维测量[J].应用科学学报,2017, 35(1):107-116.Cai C, Pan B, Liu Z N. 3D Measurement of regular components based on structured light with an intersecting-parallels shape[J]. Journal of Applied Sciences, 2017, 35(1):107-116.(in Chinese)
[3] Creath K. Phase-shifting speckle interferometry[J]. Appied Optics, 1985, 24(18):3053-3058.
[4] Fu Y J, Luo Q. Fringe projection profilometry based on a novel phase shift method[J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(22):21739-21747.
[5] Takeda M, Ina H, Kobayashi S. Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America,1982, 72(1):156-160.
[6] Takeda M, Mutoh K. Fourier transform profilometry for the automatic measurement of 3-D object shapes[J]. Applied Optics, 1983, 22(24):3977-3982.
[7] Abid A. Fringe pattern demodulation using the one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform:field-programmable gate array implementation[J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(7):1468-1471.
[8] Watkins L R. Phase recovery from fringe patterns using the continuous wavelet transform[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2007, 45(2):298-303.
[9] Zhang Z B, Zhong J G. Applicability analysis of wavelet-transform profilometry[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(16):18777-18796.
[10] Wang Z Y, Ma J, Minh V. Recent progress in two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform technique for fringe pattern analysis[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2012, 50(8):1052-1058.
[11] Zhong M, Chen F, Xiao C, Wei Y C. 3-D surface profilometry based on modulation measurement by applying wavelet transform method[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017,88:243-254.
[12]王建华,杨延西,马晨.基于价值函数的二维小波变换小波脊提取算法[J].仪器仪表学报,2017,38(12):2915-2923.Wang J H, Yang Y X, Ma C. Wavelet ridge extraction algorithm employing a cost function in two-dimensional wavelet transform[J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2017, 38(12):2915-2923.(in Chinese)
[13] Maruyama M, Abe S. Range sensing by projecting multiple slits with random cuts[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1993, 15(6):647-651.
[14] Liu W Y, Wang Z Q, Mu G G, Fang Z L. Three-dimensional surface profilometry using color-coded projection grating[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2001, 21(6):687-690.
[15] Wei Z L, Zhong Y X, Yuan C L. Research on the technique of dynamic 3D measurement of structured light based on color grating[J]. Optical Technique, 2009, 35(4):569-574.
[16] Huntley J M, Saldner H O. Temporal phase-unwrapping algorithm for automated interferogram anlysis[J]. Applied Optics, 1993, 32(17):3047-3052.
[17]赵文静,陈文静,苏显渝.几种时间相位展开方法的比较[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),2010,47(4):785-790.Zhao W J, Chen W J, Su X Y. The comparison of several time phase unwrapping methods[J]. Journal of Sichuan University(Natural Science Edition), 2010, 47(4):785-790.(in Chinese)
[18]王长波,谢明红.格雷码与相移结合的双目三维重构[J].计算机工程,2013, 39(5):178-182.Wang C B, Xie M H. Binocular three-dimensional reconstruction combined with gray coding and phase-shift[J]. Computer Engineering, 2013, 39(5):178-182.(in Chinese)
[19]岳慧敏.基于时间相位展开的三维轮廓测量研究[D].成都:四川大学,2005:25-28.
[20]刘永久.基于结构光投影的运动物体高速实时三维测量方法研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014:3-5.
[21]钟凯.基于多视相移框架的动态物体三维面形测量技术与系统研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[22] Yang F T, Luo J L, Liu Z Q, LüX X. Comparison of six phase unwrapping algorithms[J].Laser Technology, 2008, 32(3):324-326.
[23]吴明云.二维相位展开算法的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2012:16-23.
[24] Ghiglia D C, Ronero L A. Robust two-dimensional weighted and unweighted phase unwrapping that uses fast transforms and iterative methods[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 1994, 11(1):107-117.
[25] Abid A. Fringe pattern demodulation using the one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform:field-programmable gate array implementation[J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(7):1468-1471.
[26] Zhang Z B, Zhong J G. Applicability analysis of wavelet-transform profilometry[J]. Optics Express, 2013, 21(16):18777-18796.
[27] Wang Z Y, Ma J, Minh V O. Recent progress in two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform technique for fringe pattern analysis[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2012, 50(8):1052-1058.
[28] Zhong M, Chen F, Xiao C, Wei Y C. 3-D surface profilometry based on modulation measurement by applying wavelet transform method[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017,88:243-254.
[29] Richard M G, Howard A Z, Charles L W. Satellite radar interferometry-two-dimensional phase unwrapping[J]. Radio Science, 1988, 23(4):713-720.
[30] Guo Y, Chen X T, Zhang T. Robust phase unwrapping algorithm based on least squares[J].Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2014, 63(4):25-29.