多回MMC-HVDC馈入极弱交流系统的控制策略
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摘要
随着模块化多电平换流器型直流输电(MMC-HVDC)工程数量的增多及容量的增大,未来区域电网必将形成多回MMC-HVDC馈入弱交流系统的场景。本文深入研究了这类场景下的控制策略。为了使MMC换流站具有同步发电机一样的特性,提出了一种模拟同步发电机的控制方法。该控制方法包含3个控制环,分别为有功功率-频率环、无功功率-电压环和电流内环。其中,利用有功功率-频率环来模拟同步发电机的摇摆过程,利用无功功率-电压环来模拟同步发电机的励磁系统,并采用电流内环来限制故障电流和提高MMC响应速度。针对多MMC-HVDC馈入系统,提出了动态功率分配控制。该控制不仅能够在换流站间精确分配功率,而且可以起到二次调频的作用。在PSCAD/EM TDC软件中搭建了改进的3机9节点模型,验证了本文所提控制策略的有效性。
With the increase of the number and capacity of MMC-HVDC projects,the multiple MMC-HVDC feeding into weak AC system will be a very common scene in the future reginal power grid. This paper studies the control strategy for such scenes. In order to make the MMC station have the same characteristics as the synchronous generator,the synchronous generator emulation control( SGEC) is proposed. The control method consists of three loops,namely active power and frequency loop( PF loop),reactive power and voltage loop( QU loop),and inner current loop. The PF loop is used to simulate the swing process of the synchronous generator( SG). The QU loop is used to simulate the exciter system of the SG. The inner current loop serves to limit fault currents and increase MMC response speed. For the multi-infeed MMC-HVDC system,a novel control of dynamic power allocation is proposed. This control scheme can not only allocate the power among MMC stations precisely,but also achieve the secondary frequency regulation. Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation of improved 3 machine 9 node system.
With the increase of the number and capacity of MMC-HVDC projects,the multiple MMC-HVDC feeding into weak AC system will be a very common scene in the future reginal power grid. This paper studies the control strategy for such scenes. In order to make the MMC station have the same characteristics as the synchronous generator,the synchronous generator emulation control( SGEC) is proposed. The control method consists of three loops,namely active power and frequency loop( PF loop),reactive power and voltage loop( QU loop),and inner current loop. The PF loop is used to simulate the swing process of the synchronous generator( SG). The QU loop is used to simulate the exciter system of the SG. The inner current loop serves to limit fault currents and increase MMC response speed. For the multi-infeed MMC-HVDC system,a novel control of dynamic power allocation is proposed. This control scheme can not only allocate the power among MMC stations precisely,but also achieve the secondary frequency regulation. Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation of improved 3 machine 9 node system.
引文
[1]徐政.柔性直流输电系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2012.
[2]MARQUARDT R.Modular multilevel converter:an universal concept for HVDC-netw orks and extended DC-bus-applications[C]//IEEE International Power Electronics Conference(IPEC),June 21-24,2010,Sapporo,Japan.New York:IEEE,2010:502-507.
[3]FLOURENTZOU N,AGELIDIS V,DEMETRIADES G.VSCbased HVDC pow er transmission systems:an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[4]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[5]赵成勇,郭春义,刘文静.混合直流输电[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[6]赵成勇.柔性直流输电建模和仿真技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[7]肖晃庆,徐政,薛英林,等.多端柔性直流输电系统的启动控制策略[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2550-2557.XIAO Huangqing,XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin,et al.Start control strategy of M M C-M TDC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2550-2557.
[8]WIKIPEDIA.List of offshore wind farms in Germany[EB/OL].[2016-3-15].https://en.w ikipedia.org/w iki/List_of_offshore_w ind_farms_in_Germany.
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[10]TEEUWSEN S.Modeling the Trans Bay Cable project as voltage-sourced converter w ith modular multilevel converter design[C]//2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,San Diego,USA.New York:IEEE,2011:1-8.
[11]FRANCOS P,VERDUGO S,LVAREZ H,et al.INELFE—Europe's first integrated onshore HVDC interconnection[C]//2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General M eeting,July 22-26,2012,San Diego,USA.New York:IEEE,2012:1-8.
[12]乔卫东,毛颖科.上海柔性直流输电示范工程综述[J].华东电力,2011,39(7):1137-1140.QIAO Weidong,M AO Yingke.Overview of Shanghai flexible HVDC transmission demonstration project[J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(7):1137-1140.
[13]刘大鹏,程晓绚,苟锐锋,等.异步联网工程柔性直流换流站过电压与绝缘配合[J].高压电器,2015,51(4):104-108.LIU Dapeng,CHENG Xiaoxun,GOU Ruifeng,et al.Overvoltage and insulation coordination for M M C-HVDC asynchronous project[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(4):104-108.
[14]ZHOU J Z,GOLE A M.VSC transmission limitations imposed by AC system strength and AC impedance characteristics[C]//10th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission(ACDC 2012),December 4-5,2012,Birmingham,UK.New York:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[15]ZHANG Lidong.Modeling and control of VSC-HVDC links connected to w eak AC systems[D].Stockholm:KTH,2010.
[16]ZHANG Lidong,HARNEFORS Lennart,NEE Hanspeter.Interconnection of tw o very w eak AC systems by VSC-HVDC links using pow er-synchronization control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):344-355.
[17]MIDTSUND T,SUUL J A,UNDELAND T.Evaluation of current controller performance and stability for voltage source converters connected to a w eak grid[C]//2010 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems(PEDG),June 16-18,Hefei,China.New York:IEEE,2010:382-388.
[18]ZHANG Lidong,HARNEFORS L,NEE H P.Modeling and control of VSC-HVDC links connected to island systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(2):783-793.
[19]CHANDORKAR M,DIVAN D,ADAPA R.Control of parallel connected inverters in standalone AC supply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,29(1):136-143.
[20]BECK H,HESSE R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//20079th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation,October 9-11,2007,Barcelona,Spain.New York:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[21]ZHONG Q,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[22]ZHANG Lidong,HARNEFORS L,NEE H P.Power-synchronization control of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(2):809-820.
[23]GUAN M,PAN W,ZHANG J,et al.Synchronous generator emulation control strategy for voltage source converter(VSC)stations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3093-3101.
[24]郭春义,赵成勇,MONTANARI Allan,等.混合双极高压直流输电系统的特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):98-104.GUO Chunyi,ZHAO Chengyong,M ONTANARI Allan,et al.Investigation of hybrid bipolar HVDC system performances[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(10):98-104.
[25]郭春义.新型混合双馈入直流输电系统的基础特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.
[26]LIU Y,CHEN Z.A flexible power control method of VSCHVDC link for the enhancement of effective short-circuit ratio in a hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1568-1581.
[27]ZHOU J Z,DING H,FAN S,et al.Impact of short-circuit ratio and phase-locked-loop parameters on the small-signal behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(5):2287-2296.
[28]ASHABANI M,MOHAMED Y,MIRSALIM M,et al.Multivariable droop control of synchronous current converters in w eak grids/microgrids w ith decoupled dq-axes currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(4):1610-1620.
[29]徐政,肖晃庆,张哲任.模块化多电平换流器主回路参数设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2514-2527.XU Zheng,XIAO Huangqing,ZHANG Zheren.Design of main circuit parameters of modular multilevel converters[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2514-2527.
[2]MARQUARDT R.Modular multilevel converter:an universal concept for HVDC-netw orks and extended DC-bus-applications[C]//IEEE International Power Electronics Conference(IPEC),June 21-24,2010,Sapporo,Japan.New York:IEEE,2010:502-507.
[3]FLOURENTZOU N,AGELIDIS V,DEMETRIADES G.VSCbased HVDC pow er transmission systems:an overview[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2009,24(3):592-602.
[4]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[5]赵成勇,郭春义,刘文静.混合直流输电[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[6]赵成勇.柔性直流输电建模和仿真技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.
[7]肖晃庆,徐政,薛英林,等.多端柔性直流输电系统的启动控制策略[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2550-2557.XIAO Huangqing,XU Zheng,XUE Yinglin,et al.Start control strategy of M M C-M TDC system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2550-2557.
[8]WIKIPEDIA.List of offshore wind farms in Germany[EB/OL].[2016-3-15].https://en.w ikipedia.org/w iki/List_of_offshore_w ind_farms_in_Germany.
[9]PORTMAN M,KPPEL J,DUFF J.Offshore wind farm siting in Germany and the United States:leagal and policy impediments and supports[C]//OCEANS 2009-EUROPE,May 11-14,2009,Bremen,Germany.New York:IEEE,2009:1-10.
[10]TEEUWSEN S.Modeling the Trans Bay Cable project as voltage-sourced converter w ith modular multilevel converter design[C]//2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 24-29,2011,San Diego,USA.New York:IEEE,2011:1-8.
[11]FRANCOS P,VERDUGO S,LVAREZ H,et al.INELFE—Europe's first integrated onshore HVDC interconnection[C]//2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General M eeting,July 22-26,2012,San Diego,USA.New York:IEEE,2012:1-8.
[12]乔卫东,毛颖科.上海柔性直流输电示范工程综述[J].华东电力,2011,39(7):1137-1140.QIAO Weidong,M AO Yingke.Overview of Shanghai flexible HVDC transmission demonstration project[J].East China Electric Power,2011,39(7):1137-1140.
[13]刘大鹏,程晓绚,苟锐锋,等.异步联网工程柔性直流换流站过电压与绝缘配合[J].高压电器,2015,51(4):104-108.LIU Dapeng,CHENG Xiaoxun,GOU Ruifeng,et al.Overvoltage and insulation coordination for M M C-HVDC asynchronous project[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(4):104-108.
[14]ZHOU J Z,GOLE A M.VSC transmission limitations imposed by AC system strength and AC impedance characteristics[C]//10th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission(ACDC 2012),December 4-5,2012,Birmingham,UK.New York:IEEE,2012:1-6.
[15]ZHANG Lidong.Modeling and control of VSC-HVDC links connected to w eak AC systems[D].Stockholm:KTH,2010.
[16]ZHANG Lidong,HARNEFORS Lennart,NEE Hanspeter.Interconnection of tw o very w eak AC systems by VSC-HVDC links using pow er-synchronization control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(1):344-355.
[17]MIDTSUND T,SUUL J A,UNDELAND T.Evaluation of current controller performance and stability for voltage source converters connected to a w eak grid[C]//2010 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems(PEDG),June 16-18,Hefei,China.New York:IEEE,2010:382-388.
[18]ZHANG Lidong,HARNEFORS L,NEE H P.Modeling and control of VSC-HVDC links connected to island systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2011,26(2):783-793.
[19]CHANDORKAR M,DIVAN D,ADAPA R.Control of parallel connected inverters in standalone AC supply systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1993,29(1):136-143.
[20]BECK H,HESSE R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//20079th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation,October 9-11,2007,Barcelona,Spain.New York:IEEE,2007:1-6.
[21]ZHONG Q,WEISS G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[22]ZHANG Lidong,HARNEFORS L,NEE H P.Power-synchronization control of grid-connected voltage-source converters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2010,25(2):809-820.
[23]GUAN M,PAN W,ZHANG J,et al.Synchronous generator emulation control strategy for voltage source converter(VSC)stations[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(6):3093-3101.
[24]郭春义,赵成勇,MONTANARI Allan,等.混合双极高压直流输电系统的特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(10):98-104.GUO Chunyi,ZHAO Chengyong,M ONTANARI Allan,et al.Investigation of hybrid bipolar HVDC system performances[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(10):98-104.
[25]郭春义.新型混合双馈入直流输电系统的基础特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2012.
[26]LIU Y,CHEN Z.A flexible power control method of VSCHVDC link for the enhancement of effective short-circuit ratio in a hybrid multi-infeed HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1568-1581.
[27]ZHOU J Z,DING H,FAN S,et al.Impact of short-circuit ratio and phase-locked-loop parameters on the small-signal behavior[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(5):2287-2296.
[28]ASHABANI M,MOHAMED Y,MIRSALIM M,et al.Multivariable droop control of synchronous current converters in w eak grids/microgrids w ith decoupled dq-axes currents[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(4):1610-1620.
[29]徐政,肖晃庆,张哲任.模块化多电平换流器主回路参数设计[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2514-2527.XU Zheng,XIAO Huangqing,ZHANG Zheren.Design of main circuit parameters of modular multilevel converters[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2514-2527.