微藻膜反应器处理海水养殖废水性能及膜污染特性
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摘要
以海水养殖废水为研究对象,探究了微藻膜反应器的脱氮除磷效能及膜污染特性.采用青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis)作为生物源,经过60 d的运行,微藻膜反应器的TN和TP去除率分别为73. 6%和77. 9%,TN和TP去除速率达到15 g·(m~3·d)~(-1)和2. 8 g·(m~3·d)~(-1).反应器中的微藻能够较快富集,最大生长速率可达53. 3 mg·(L·d)~(-1),最大生物量可达1. 4 g·L~(-1).第18d和38d分别对反应器中的微藻进行采收,未影响反应器的脱氮除磷效能,且可以在一定程度上缓解膜污染现象.微藻生物量的增加会显著提高膜污染物质的含量,三维荧光光谱结果表明,色氨酸类蛋白质和芳香类蛋白质是造成膜污染的重要因素.
In order to treat mariculture wastewater,the pollutant removal performance and membrane fouling characteristics of a microalgae membrane reactor were investigated using Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis. After 60 days of operation,the total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) removal efficiency of the reactor were 73. 6% and 77. 9%,respectively,and the removal rates of TN and TP reached 15 g·( m~3·d)~(-1) and 2. 8 g·( m~3·d)~(-1). The microalgae in the reactor could be enriched rapidly,with a maximum growth rate of 53. 3 mg·( L·d)~(-1) and a maximum biomass of 1. 4 g·L~(-1). The microalgae in the reactor were harvested on day 18 and day 36; harvesting did not affect the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the reactor. To some extent,the membrane fouling phenomenon was alleviated. The increase in the microalgae biomass would significantly increase the pollutant content of the membrane. The three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix( EEM) spectra results confirmed that tryptophan-like substances and aromatic proteins had a significant effect on membrane fouling.
In order to treat mariculture wastewater,the pollutant removal performance and membrane fouling characteristics of a microalgae membrane reactor were investigated using Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis. After 60 days of operation,the total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) removal efficiency of the reactor were 73. 6% and 77. 9%,respectively,and the removal rates of TN and TP reached 15 g·( m~3·d)~(-1) and 2. 8 g·( m~3·d)~(-1). The microalgae in the reactor could be enriched rapidly,with a maximum growth rate of 53. 3 mg·( L·d)~(-1) and a maximum biomass of 1. 4 g·L~(-1). The microalgae in the reactor were harvested on day 18 and day 36; harvesting did not affect the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of the reactor. To some extent,the membrane fouling phenomenon was alleviated. The increase in the microalgae biomass would significantly increase the pollutant content of the membrane. The three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix( EEM) spectra results confirmed that tryptophan-like substances and aromatic proteins had a significant effect on membrane fouling.
引文
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[21]马航,朱强,朱亮,等.硫自养反硝化处理高含氟光伏废水可行性[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):3094-3100.Ma H, Zhu Q, Zhu L, et al. Feasibility of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification of photovoltaic wastewater containing high fluorine[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(8):3094-3100.
[22]宋明明.高产油脂能源微藻筛选及其脱氮除磷与油脂积累的优化研究[D].济南:山东大学,2016. 11-12.
[23] Praveen P,Loh K C. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from tertiary wastewater in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,206:180-187.
[24] Guo Z,Liu Y,Guo H Y,et al. Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(S1):S85-S88.
[25] Gao F,Li C,Yang Z H,et al. Continuous microalgae cultivation in aquaculture wastewater by a membrane photobioreactor for biomass production and nutrients removal[J]. Ecological Engineering,2016,92:55-61.
[26]林忠洲,徐善良,邵波,等.不同氮磷质量浓度下青岛大扁藻和牟氏角毛藻的种间竞争关系[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2013,26(1):12-17.Lin Z Z,Xu S L,Shao B,et al. The competitive relationship of Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman in different mass concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. Journal of Ningbo University(Natural Science&Engineering Edition),2013,26(1):12-17.
[27] Singh N K,Dhar D W. Microalgae as second generation biofuel.A review[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2011,31(4):605-629.
[28] Qiu R H,Gao S,Lopez P A,et al. Effects of pH on cell growth,lipid production and CO2addition of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana[J]. Algal Research,2017,28:192-199.
[29]苟彬,高永利,殷克东,等.不同无机氮浓度下中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻生长对生长环境pH的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(3):82-87.Gou B, Gao Y L, Yin K D, et al. Effects of growth of Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum on me-dium pH in different initial inorganic nitrogen concentrations[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2011,30(3):82-87.
[30]里士曼A.微藻培养指南:生物技术与应用藻类学[M].黄和,高振,宋萍,译.北京:科学出版社,2014. 74-75.
[31] Ding Y,Tian Y,Li Z P,et al. A comprehensive study into fouling properties of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)extracted from bulk sludge and cake sludge in a mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,192:105-114.
[32] Sun L,Tian Y,Zhang J,et al. A novel membrane bioreactor inoculated with symbiotic sludge bacteria and algae:performance and microbial community analysis[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,251:311-319.
[33]李之鹏.膜生物反应器-蠕虫床耦合系统中EPS的膜污染行为研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013. 36-38.
[2] Li S,Zhang S H,Ye C S,et al. Biofilm processes in treating mariculture wastewater may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,118(1-2):289-296.
[3]何品晶,王颖,胡洁,等.应用解蛋白菌生物预水解剩余污泥[J].环境科学,2016,37(11):4317-4325.He J J,Wang Y,Hu J,et al. Biological pre-treatment of surplus sludge using the protease-secreting bacteria[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(11):4317-4325.
[4] Duan J M,Fang H D,Su B,et al. Characterization of a halophilic heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium and its application on treatment of saline wastewater[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,179(3):421-428.
[5] Song W L,Li Z P,Ding Y,et al. Performance of a novel hybrid membrane bioreactor for treating saline wastewater from mariculture:Assessment of pollutants removal and membrane filtration performance[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,331:695-703.
[6] Suresh Kumar K,Dahms H U,Won E J,et al. Microalgae-A promising tool for heavy metal remediation[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,113:329-352.
[7] Milano J,Ong H C,Masjuki H H,et al. Microalgae biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuel for power generation[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,58:180-197.
[8] Barros A I,Goncalves A L,Simoes M,et al. Harvesting techniques applied to microalgae:a review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2015,41:1489-1500.
[9] Kunjapur A M, Eldridge R B. Photobioreactor design for commercial biofuel production from microalgae[J]. Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2010,49(8):3516-3526.
[10] Yang S,Xu J,Wang Z M,et al. Cultivation of oleaginous microalgae for removal of nutrients and heavy metals from biogas digestates[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2017,164:793-803.
[11] Da Fontoura J T,Rolim G S,Farenzena M,et al. Influence of light intensity and tannery wastewater concentration on biomass production and nutrient removal by microalgae Scenedesmus sp.[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection,2017,111:355-362.
[12] Tan F,Wang Z,Zhouyang S Y,et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal coupled with carbohydrate production by five microalgae cultures cultivated in biogas slurry[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,221:385-393.
[13] Liu J Z,Wu Y H,Wu C X,et al. Advanced nutrient removal from surface water by a consortium of attached microalgae and bacteria:a review[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,241:1127-1137.
[14]王芳,李之鹏,徐仲,等. AF-MBR处理海水养殖废水性能及膜污染特性[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(5):1760-1766.Wang F,Li Z P,Xu Z,et al. Studies on the nitrogen removal performance and membrane fouling characteristics of AF-MBR for mariculture wastewater treatment[J]. China Environmental Science,2018,38(5):1760-1766.
[15]董秉直,高昊旸,胡孟柳.臭氧-粉末炭联用作为预处理缓解膜污染的效果与机制[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2732-2739.Dong B Z,Gao H Y,Hu M L. Effects and mechanism of the combination of ozone-PAC as a pretreatment for the reduction of membrane fouling[J]. Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2732-2739.
[16]吕亮,赵诗惠,韦佳敏,等. ABR-MBR工艺处理生活污水实现短程硝化[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):5154-5161.Lv L, Zhao S H, Wei J M, et al. Realization of shortcut nitrification in the ABR-MBR process treating domestic wastewater[J]. Environmental Science,2017,38(12):5154-5161.
[17]国家海洋局.海洋监测规范[M].北京:海洋出版社,1991.
[18]郭迪.电化学技术去除海水养殖废水中氨氮的研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016. 18-19.
[19]雷国元.大型丝状绿藻去除氮磷和抑制微藻的特性及其作用机制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2009. 42-44.
[20]王伟伟,陈书秀,钱瑞,等.海水养殖废水预处理方法与微藻藻种筛选[J].水产科学,2014,33(3):181-185.Wang W W,Chen S X,Qian R,et al. Mariculture effluent pretreatment methods and screening of microalgae[J]. Fisheries Science,2014,33(3):181-185.
[21]马航,朱强,朱亮,等.硫自养反硝化处理高含氟光伏废水可行性[J].环境科学,2016,37(8):3094-3100.Ma H, Zhu Q, Zhu L, et al. Feasibility of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification of photovoltaic wastewater containing high fluorine[J]. Environmental Science,2016,37(8):3094-3100.
[22]宋明明.高产油脂能源微藻筛选及其脱氮除磷与油脂积累的优化研究[D].济南:山东大学,2016. 11-12.
[23] Praveen P,Loh K C. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal from tertiary wastewater in an osmotic membrane photobioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,206:180-187.
[24] Guo Z,Liu Y,Guo H Y,et al. Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences,2013,25(S1):S85-S88.
[25] Gao F,Li C,Yang Z H,et al. Continuous microalgae cultivation in aquaculture wastewater by a membrane photobioreactor for biomass production and nutrients removal[J]. Ecological Engineering,2016,92:55-61.
[26]林忠洲,徐善良,邵波,等.不同氮磷质量浓度下青岛大扁藻和牟氏角毛藻的种间竞争关系[J].宁波大学学报(理工版),2013,26(1):12-17.Lin Z Z,Xu S L,Shao B,et al. The competitive relationship of Platymonas helgolandica var. tsingtaoensis and Chaetoceros muelleri Lemmerman in different mass concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus[J]. Journal of Ningbo University(Natural Science&Engineering Edition),2013,26(1):12-17.
[27] Singh N K,Dhar D W. Microalgae as second generation biofuel.A review[J]. Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2011,31(4):605-629.
[28] Qiu R H,Gao S,Lopez P A,et al. Effects of pH on cell growth,lipid production and CO2addition of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana[J]. Algal Research,2017,28:192-199.
[29]苟彬,高永利,殷克东,等.不同无机氮浓度下中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻生长对生长环境pH的影响[J].热带海洋学报,2011,30(3):82-87.Gou B, Gao Y L, Yin K D, et al. Effects of growth of Skeletonema costatum and Phaeodactylum tricornutum on me-dium pH in different initial inorganic nitrogen concentrations[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2011,30(3):82-87.
[30]里士曼A.微藻培养指南:生物技术与应用藻类学[M].黄和,高振,宋萍,译.北京:科学出版社,2014. 74-75.
[31] Ding Y,Tian Y,Li Z P,et al. A comprehensive study into fouling properties of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)extracted from bulk sludge and cake sludge in a mesophilic anaerobic membrane bioreactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2015,192:105-114.
[32] Sun L,Tian Y,Zhang J,et al. A novel membrane bioreactor inoculated with symbiotic sludge bacteria and algae:performance and microbial community analysis[J]. Bioresource Technology,2018,251:311-319.
[33]李之鹏.膜生物反应器-蠕虫床耦合系统中EPS的膜污染行为研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013. 36-38.