不同淋溶方法下石煤钒矿废石释钒特性
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摘要
依据《固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法》(HJ 557-2010)和《废物特性浸出行为实验-升流式动态淋溶法》(CEN/TS 14405)标准进行石煤钒矿废石静态和动态试验中V释放特性研究。静态试验结果表明废石能中和一定量酸,当淋出液pH呈酸性时,其V溶出量大大增加。动态试验中随液固比(L/S)变化,淋出液pH先增加后缓慢降低,V浓度呈增加趋势。当L/S为10 L·kg~(-1)时,淋溶液pH为3.5,4.5和5.5的体系V浓度为168.3,141.2和134.2μg·L~(-1),溶出率分别为0.05%,0.04%和0.04%。综合BCR形态分析和废石酸中和能力测试结果得出,废石V主要以残渣态存在,弱酸提取态含量极少,V的溶出具有一定难度。随着淋溶过程的进行,淋出液pH出现酸化现象,需进一步得到淋出液酸化条件下V溶出情况。HJ试验得出淋溶液V溶出率对CEN试验中达到相应液固比下V的总溶出率具有参考价值,可通过设置CEN试验中L/S的范围以得到石煤钒矿废石堆体在不同时期的释钒行为。
Reference to the standards "Solid waste—extraction procedure for leaching toxicity—horizontal vibration method"(HJ557-2010) and "Characterization of waste,leaching behaviour tests,up-flow percolation test"(CEN/TS 14405),it was briefly investigated the vanadium leaching characteristics of stone coal waste rocks with static and dynamic leaching methods.Static leaching test showed an acid neutralization capacity of waste rocks.V greatly dissolved when the leachate pH was acidic.In the dynamic test,as L/S progressed,pH of leachate initially increased and then decreased,and concentration of V gradually increased.In leachate with initial pH 3.5,4.5 and 5.5,the concentration of V was 168.3,141.2 and 134.2 μg·L~(-1),respectively,and dissolved rate was 0.05%,0.04% and 0.04%,respectively when L/S was 10∶ 1 L·kg~(-1).Combined the results of BCR sequential extraction and acid neutralization potential(ANC),V existed mainly in residual form,barely in exchangeable form,so it was difficult in dissolving of V.With progress of leaching,the leachate would be acidic,and it needed further investigation to obtain the concentration of V.The dissolved rate of V under HJ test had important reference to the dissolved rate of V under CEN test when L/S reached 10∶ 1,and it could get V leaching characteristicsby controlling the range of L/S at different periods.
Reference to the standards "Solid waste—extraction procedure for leaching toxicity—horizontal vibration method"(HJ557-2010) and "Characterization of waste,leaching behaviour tests,up-flow percolation test"(CEN/TS 14405),it was briefly investigated the vanadium leaching characteristics of stone coal waste rocks with static and dynamic leaching methods.Static leaching test showed an acid neutralization capacity of waste rocks.V greatly dissolved when the leachate pH was acidic.In the dynamic test,as L/S progressed,pH of leachate initially increased and then decreased,and concentration of V gradually increased.In leachate with initial pH 3.5,4.5 and 5.5,the concentration of V was 168.3,141.2 and 134.2 μg·L~(-1),respectively,and dissolved rate was 0.05%,0.04% and 0.04%,respectively when L/S was 10∶ 1 L·kg~(-1).Combined the results of BCR sequential extraction and acid neutralization potential(ANC),V existed mainly in residual form,barely in exchangeable form,so it was difficult in dissolving of V.With progress of leaching,the leachate would be acidic,and it needed further investigation to obtain the concentration of V.The dissolved rate of V under HJ test had important reference to the dissolved rate of V under CEN test when L/S reached 10∶ 1,and it could get V leaching characteristicsby controlling the range of L/S at different periods.
引文
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[16]CEN/TS 14405.Characterization of waste.Leaching behaviour tests.Up-flow percolation test[S].2005.
[17]Kastyuchik A,Karam A,A6der M.Effectiveness of alkaline amendments in acid mine drainage remediation[J].Environmental Technology&Innovation,2016,6:49.
[18]Cappuyns V,Swennen R,Verhulst J.Assessment of acid neutralizing capacity and potential mobilisation of trace metals from land-disposed dredged sediments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,333(1-3):233.
[19]Reginald B K,Al-Tabbaa A,Yi Y,Stegemann J A.p H-dependent leaching behaviour and other performance properties of cement-treated mixed contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(9):1630.
[20]Zhao G H,Luo X Z,Chen G,Zhai Z C.Progress on the testing method of heavy metals leaching toxicity of solid waste[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2013,35(7):80.
[21]Lin H,Yu M L,Dong Y B,Liu Q L,Liu S Y,Liu Y.The heavy mental leaching rules and influence mechanism of different particle size of tin mining waste rock[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):664.(林海,于明利,董颖博,刘泉利,刘抒悦,刘月.不同粒度锡采矿废石重金属淋溶规律及影响机制[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):664.)
[22]Zhang M L,Yue X L,Yang S Y.Characteristics of heavy metals release from coal waste and potential ecological risk assessment of contaminated soil around coal waste piles[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(4):249.(张明亮,岳兴玲,杨淑英.煤矸石重金属释放活性及其污染土壤的生态风险评价[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):249.)
[23]Zhang M Z,Xu Z H,Liang B.Phosphorus release from phosphate waste rocks deposited in Xiangxi River watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):840.(张梦舟,徐曾和,梁冰.三峡库区香溪河流域磷矿废石磷素释放特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):840.)
[2]Yang X M,Hu G J,Li N,Yang X H.Control and reclamation techniques for coal gangue hill pollution[J].China Mining Magazine,2008,17(6):34.(杨秀敏,胡桂娟,李宁,杨秀红.煤矸石山的污染治理与复垦技术[J].中国矿业,2008,17(6):34.)
[3]Xiao X Y,Yang M,Guo Z H,Jiang Z C,Liu Y N,Cao X.Soil vanadium pollution and microbial response characteristics from stone coal smelting district[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1271.
[4]Lin H,Li J,Dong Y B.Heavy metal static leaching rules affected by different particle sizes of vanadium waste rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2016,40(6):693.(林海,李洁,董颖博.粒度对石煤钒矿废石重金属静态淋溶的影响规律[J].稀有金属,2016,40(6):693.)
[5]Xiao X Y,Yang M,Guo Z H,Jiang Z C,Liu Y N,Cao X.Soil vanadium pollution and microbial response characteristics from stone coal smelting district[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2015,25(4):1271.
[6]Cappuyns V,Alian V,Vassilieva E,Swennen R.p H dependent leaching behavior of Zn,Cd,Pb,Cu and As from mining wastes and slags:kinetics and mineralogicalcontrol[J].Waste and Biomass Valorization,2013,5(3):355.
[7]Xiao Y,Liu X,Feng Z,Huang X,Huang L,Chen Y,Wu W.Role of minerals properties on leaching process of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore[J].Journal of Rare Earths,2015,33(5):545.
[8]Nilsson M,Andreas L,Lagerkvist A.Effect of accelerated carbonation and zero valent iron on metal leaching from bottom ash[J].Waste Management,2016,51:97.
[9]Zhao G H,Luo X Z,Chen G,Zhai Z C.Progress on the testing method of heavy metals leaching toxicity of solid waste[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2013,35(7):80.(赵国华,罗兴章,陈贵,翟志才.固体废物中重金属浸出毒性评价方法的研究进展[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(7):80.)
[10]Payan M C,Galan B,Coz A,Vandedasteele C,Viguri J R.Evaluation through column leaching tests of metal release from contaminated estuarine sediment subject to CO2leakages from carbon capture and storage sites[J].Environmental Pollution,2012,17:174.
[11]Wu L,Yu H,Chen G,Bian X,Li D,Cheng Q,Ding S.Biosensing of BCR/ABL fusion gene using an intensity-interrogation surface plasmon resonance imaging system[J].Optics Communications,2016,377:24.
[12]USA EPA Method 1311 SW-846.Test method for evaluation solid waste,physical chemical methods[S].1992.
[13]EN12457-3:2002.Characterisation of waste.Leaching.Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and sludges[S].2002.
[14]HJ/T299-2007.Solid waste-extraction procedure for leaching toxicity-sulphuric acid&nitric acid method[S].2007.(HJ/T299-2007.固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法硫酸硝酸法[S].2007.)
[15]HJ 557-2010.Solid waste-extraction procedure for leaching toxicity-horizontal vibration method[S].2010.(HJ 557-2010.固体废物浸出毒性浸出方法水平振荡法[S].2010.)
[16]CEN/TS 14405.Characterization of waste.Leaching behaviour tests.Up-flow percolation test[S].2005.
[17]Kastyuchik A,Karam A,A6der M.Effectiveness of alkaline amendments in acid mine drainage remediation[J].Environmental Technology&Innovation,2016,6:49.
[18]Cappuyns V,Swennen R,Verhulst J.Assessment of acid neutralizing capacity and potential mobilisation of trace metals from land-disposed dredged sediments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2004,333(1-3):233.
[19]Reginald B K,Al-Tabbaa A,Yi Y,Stegemann J A.p H-dependent leaching behaviour and other performance properties of cement-treated mixed contaminated soil[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24(9):1630.
[20]Zhao G H,Luo X Z,Chen G,Zhai Z C.Progress on the testing method of heavy metals leaching toxicity of solid waste[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2013,35(7):80.
[21]Lin H,Yu M L,Dong Y B,Liu Q L,Liu S Y,Liu Y.The heavy mental leaching rules and influence mechanism of different particle size of tin mining waste rock[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):664.(林海,于明利,董颖博,刘泉利,刘抒悦,刘月.不同粒度锡采矿废石重金属淋溶规律及影响机制[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(3):664.)
[22]Zhang M L,Yue X L,Yang S Y.Characteristics of heavy metals release from coal waste and potential ecological risk assessment of contaminated soil around coal waste piles[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,25(4):249.(张明亮,岳兴玲,杨淑英.煤矸石重金属释放活性及其污染土壤的生态风险评价[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):249.)
[23]Zhang M Z,Xu Z H,Liang B.Phosphorus release from phosphate waste rocks deposited in Xiangxi River watershed of Three Gorges Reservoir[J].China Environmental Science,2016,36(3):840.(张梦舟,徐曾和,梁冰.三峡库区香溪河流域磷矿废石磷素释放特性研究[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(3):840.)