深埋弱黏结顶板采场矿压显现特征及载荷传递机理研究
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摘要
为分析我国西部煤矿深埋弱黏结顶板中厚偏薄煤层的矿压显现特征及覆岩载荷传递机理,基于力学测试、XRD衍射试验及电镜扫描等研究方法,查明色连二矿2-2中煤层顶板主要砂岩层强度低、黏结力弱、抗变形能力差。现场开采实践表明:工作面开采后顶板覆岩破坏充分并及时充填采空区,致使初次来压和周期来压呈现出静压大,动压小、动载系数小等显现特征。据此,建立了压力拱力学模型,得到了压力拱跨度和拱高之间的关系式,计算出该拱高条件下支架的支护阻力,并通过数值模拟和现场实践得到了很好的验证。
This study focuses on the mining pressure behavior characteristics and overlying strata load transfer mechanism of coal seam in deep-buried weak-caking roof of a coalmine in West China. Through using the mechanical test, XRD diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope(SEM), it is identified that the 2-2 middle coal seam roof of Shelian No.2 coalmine has following characteristics: low-strength sandstone layer, weak adhesion and poor anti-deformation ability. Field mining practice shows that the roof covering rock failure is complete and fill the goaf in time. This results in large static pressure, small dynamic pressure and small dynamic load coefficient regarding the mining pressure accordingly, the stress arch mechanics model is established. The relationship between stress arch span and arch height is obtained. Finally, the support resistance corresponding to the specific arch height is computed. Above calculation results has been well verified by numerical simulation and field practice.
This study focuses on the mining pressure behavior characteristics and overlying strata load transfer mechanism of coal seam in deep-buried weak-caking roof of a coalmine in West China. Through using the mechanical test, XRD diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscope(SEM), it is identified that the 2-2 middle coal seam roof of Shelian No.2 coalmine has following characteristics: low-strength sandstone layer, weak adhesion and poor anti-deformation ability. Field mining practice shows that the roof covering rock failure is complete and fill the goaf in time. This results in large static pressure, small dynamic pressure and small dynamic load coefficient regarding the mining pressure accordingly, the stress arch mechanics model is established. The relationship between stress arch span and arch height is obtained. Finally, the support resistance corresponding to the specific arch height is computed. Above calculation results has been well verified by numerical simulation and field practice.
引文
[1]黄庆享.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,1998.
[2]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1174-1177.HUANG Qingxiang.Ground pressure behavior and definition of shallow seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1174-1177.
[3]鞠金峰.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架机理及防治研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[4]侯忠杰.断裂带老顶的判据准则及在浅埋煤层中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):17-20.HOU Zhongjie.The criterion on determining main roof in breaking zone and its application to the shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):17-20.
[5]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振,等.沟谷地形对浅埋煤层开采矿压显现的影响机理[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2)79-85.XU Jialing,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen,et al.Influencing mechanism of gully terrain on ground pressure behaviors in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):17-20.
[6]王晓振,许家林,朱卫兵,等浅埋综采面高速推进对周期来压特征的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,31(3):349-354.WANG Xiaozhen,XU Jialing,ZHU Weibing,et al.Influence of high mining velocity on periodic weighting during fully-mechanized mining in a shallow seam[J].China University of Mining&Technology,2012,31(3):349-354.
[7]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289-1295.MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289-1295.
[8]马立强,张东升,乔京利,等.浅埋煤层采动覆岩导水通道分布特征试验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2008,27(5):649-652.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,QIAN Jingli,et al.Physical simulation of water crack distribution characteristics in overlying strata under coal mining conditions[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2008,27(5):649-652.
[9]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:21-40.
[10]杜晓丽.采矿岩石压力拱演化规律及其应用的研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2011.
[11]杨永康,李建胜,康天合.浅埋厚基岩松软顶板综放采场矿压特征工作面长度效应[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):709-716.YANG Yongkang,LI Jiansheng,KANG Tianhe.Effect of working face length on underground pressure characteristics by fully-mechanized top-coal caving mining under s h a l l o w-b u r i e d t h i c k b e d r o c k l o o s e r o o f[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(4):709-716.
[12]苏仲杰.采动覆岩离层变形机理研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2001.
[13]李新元,陈培华.浅埋深极松软顶板采场矿压显现规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3305-3309.LI Xinyuan,CHEN Peihua.Study on regularity of structural behaviors around coal face under the shallow-buried loose roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3305-3309.
[14]杜锋,白海波.厚松散层薄基岩综放开采覆岩破断机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(7):1105-1110.DU Feng,BAI Haibo.Mechanism research of overlying strata activity with fully mechanized caving in thin bedrock with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(7):1105-1110.
[2]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1174-1177.HUANG Qingxiang.Ground pressure behavior and definition of shallow seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1174-1177.
[3]鞠金峰.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架机理及防治研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[4]侯忠杰.断裂带老顶的判据准则及在浅埋煤层中的应用[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(1):17-20.HOU Zhongjie.The criterion on determining main roof in breaking zone and its application to the shallow seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):17-20.
[5]许家林,朱卫兵,王晓振,等.沟谷地形对浅埋煤层开采矿压显现的影响机理[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(2)79-85.XU Jialing,ZHU Weibing,WANG Xiaozhen,et al.Influencing mechanism of gully terrain on ground pressure behaviors in shallow seam longwall mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(1):17-20.
[6]王晓振,许家林,朱卫兵,等浅埋综采面高速推进对周期来压特征的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2012,31(3):349-354.WANG Xiaozhen,XU Jialing,ZHU Weibing,et al.Influence of high mining velocity on periodic weighting during fully-mechanized mining in a shallow seam[J].China University of Mining&Technology,2012,31(3):349-354.
[7]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289-1295.MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289-1295.
[8]马立强,张东升,乔京利,等.浅埋煤层采动覆岩导水通道分布特征试验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2008,27(5):649-652.MA Liqiang,ZHANG Dongsheng,QIAN Jingli,et al.Physical simulation of water crack distribution characteristics in overlying strata under coal mining conditions[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2008,27(5):649-652.
[9]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:21-40.
[10]杜晓丽.采矿岩石压力拱演化规律及其应用的研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学,2011.
[11]杨永康,李建胜,康天合.浅埋厚基岩松软顶板综放采场矿压特征工作面长度效应[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):709-716.YANG Yongkang,LI Jiansheng,KANG Tianhe.Effect of working face length on underground pressure characteristics by fully-mechanized top-coal caving mining under s h a l l o w-b u r i e d t h i c k b e d r o c k l o o s e r o o f[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(4):709-716.
[12]苏仲杰.采动覆岩离层变形机理研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2001.
[13]李新元,陈培华.浅埋深极松软顶板采场矿压显现规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3305-3309.LI Xinyuan,CHEN Peihua.Study on regularity of structural behaviors around coal face under the shallow-buried loose roof[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3305-3309.
[14]杜锋,白海波.厚松散层薄基岩综放开采覆岩破断机理研究[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(7):1105-1110.DU Feng,BAI Haibo.Mechanism research of overlying strata activity with fully mechanized caving in thin bedrock with thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(7):1105-1110.