就业保护与劳动力市场绩效——基于跨国面板数据的实证分析
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摘要
本文采用世界经济自由度指数和世界银行的世界发展指标,选取2002—2008年面板数据对就业保护的理论假说和经验分析进行了相应的验证。实证结果表明,就业保护提高了失业率,女性和青年受就业保护制度的影响程度更大;就业保护子指标对失业率的影响与理论估计一致,但显著性较低。其中,雇佣/解雇管制越低,失业率越低;法定解雇成本越高,失业率越低;服兵役时间越长,失业率越高;最低工资、集体协商、工时管制与失业率之间没有显著关系。就业保护问题的研究有助于改进我国的劳动立法,改善女性、青年的就业机会,提高就业率,发挥法律的增进市场效率的作用,为完善劳动力市场的运行机制提供理论支持。
This paper applied the EFW index and the WDI data from 2002 to 2008 to make empirical analysis of employment protection.This paper found the employment protection increased the total unemployment rate,especially women and youth unemployment rate.The sub-indicators of employment protection effect were coincided with the theoretical estimations,but significantly lower.There were three indicators: hiring/firing regulations,mandated dismissal costs and conscription had significant effects on women and youth.This research on labor contract law would provide theoretical support to improve the employment opportunities of women and young,raise the employment rate,enhance market efficiency,and improve the operation mechanism of the labor market theory supported.
This paper applied the EFW index and the WDI data from 2002 to 2008 to make empirical analysis of employment protection.This paper found the employment protection increased the total unemployment rate,especially women and youth unemployment rate.The sub-indicators of employment protection effect were coincided with the theoretical estimations,but significantly lower.There were three indicators: hiring/firing regulations,mandated dismissal costs and conscription had significant effects on women and youth.This research on labor contract law would provide theoretical support to improve the employment opportunities of women and young,raise the employment rate,enhance market efficiency,and improve the operation mechanism of the labor market theory supported.
引文
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[16]Edward Lazear.Job Security Provisions and Employment[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1990,105(3).
[17]Stephen Nickell.Unemployment and Labor Market Rigidities:Europe versus North America[J].Journal of Eco-nomic Perspectives,1997,11(3).
[18]Horst Feldmann.The Unemployment Effects of Labor Regulation around the World[J].Journal of Comparative E-conomics,2009,37(1).
[19]Simeon Djankov,Rita Ramalho.Employment Laws in Developing Country[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2009,37(1).
[20]Francine D.Blau,Lawrence M.Kahn.Institutions and Laws in the Labor Market[J].Handbook of Labor Eco-nomics.1999,(3).
[21]A.Bassanini,R.Duval.The Determinants of Unemployment across OECD Countries:Reassessing the Role of Poli-cies and Institutions[J].OECD Economic Studies,2006,(42).
[22]L.Baccaro,D.Rei.Institutional Determinants of Unemployment in OECD Countries[J].International Organiza-tion,2007,(61).
[23]R.Rovelli,R.Bruno.Labor Market Policies,Institutions and Employment Rates in the EU-27[J].IZA Discus-sion Paper,No.3 502,2008.
[24]方浩.就业保护的经济学分析——理论与实证研究的文献综述[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2011,(6).
[25]杨伟国,代懋.中国就业管制的测量[J].中国人民大学学报,2010,(3).
[26]赖德胜.苏丽锋.孟大虎.李长安.中国各地区就业质量测算与评价[J].经济理论与经济管理,2011,(11).
[27]桑德林.卡则斯,伊莲娜.纳斯波洛娃.转型中的劳动力市场:平衡灵活性与安全性——中东欧的经验[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2005.
[2]OECD.OECD Employment Outlook 2004[R].Paris:OECD Publishing,2004.
[3]John T.Addison,Paulino Teixeira.The Economics of Employment Protection[J].Journal of Labor Research,2003,24(1).
[4]James Heckman,Carmen Pages.The Cost of Job Security Regulations:Evidence from Latin American Labor Mar-kets[Z].NBER Working Papers,NO.7 773,2000.
[5]Per Skedinger.Employment Protection Legislation:Evolution,Effects,Winners and Losers[M].Cheltenham&Northampton:Edward Elgar Publishing,2010.
[6]Samuel Bentolila,G.Bertola.Firing Costs and Labour Demand:How Bad Is Eurosclerosis?[J].Review of Econom-ics Studies,1990,57(3).
[7]Seamus Hogan,Christopher Ragan.Job Security and Labour Market Flexibility[J].Canadian Public Policy,1995,12(2).
[8]Daron Acemoglu.Good Jobs versus Bad Jobs[J].Journal of Labor Economics,2001,19(1).
[9]Christopher A.Pissarides.Employment Protection[J].Labor Economics,2001,8(2).
[10]Michele Belot,Jan Boone,Jan Van Ours.Welfare Improving Employment Protection[J].Economica,2007,74(295).
[11]G.Zoega,A.Booth.On the Welfare Implications of Firing Costs[J].European Journal of Political Economy,2003,19(4).
[12]Assar Lindbeck,Dennis Snower.Job Security,Work Incentives and Unemployment[J].Scand.J.of Economics,1988,90(4).
[13]Gilles Saint-Paul.On the Political Economy of Labor Market Flexibility[J].NBER Macroeconomics Annual,1993,(8).
[14]Gilles Saint-Paul.Exploring the Political Economy of Labor Market Institutions[J].Economic Policy,1996,23(12).
[15]Juan Botero,Simeon Djankov,Rafael Porta,Andei Shleifer.The Regulation of Labor[J].Quarterly Journal of E-conomics,2004,119(4).
[16]Edward Lazear.Job Security Provisions and Employment[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1990,105(3).
[17]Stephen Nickell.Unemployment and Labor Market Rigidities:Europe versus North America[J].Journal of Eco-nomic Perspectives,1997,11(3).
[18]Horst Feldmann.The Unemployment Effects of Labor Regulation around the World[J].Journal of Comparative E-conomics,2009,37(1).
[19]Simeon Djankov,Rita Ramalho.Employment Laws in Developing Country[J].Journal of Comparative Economics,2009,37(1).
[20]Francine D.Blau,Lawrence M.Kahn.Institutions and Laws in the Labor Market[J].Handbook of Labor Eco-nomics.1999,(3).
[21]A.Bassanini,R.Duval.The Determinants of Unemployment across OECD Countries:Reassessing the Role of Poli-cies and Institutions[J].OECD Economic Studies,2006,(42).
[22]L.Baccaro,D.Rei.Institutional Determinants of Unemployment in OECD Countries[J].International Organiza-tion,2007,(61).
[23]R.Rovelli,R.Bruno.Labor Market Policies,Institutions and Employment Rates in the EU-27[J].IZA Discus-sion Paper,No.3 502,2008.
[24]方浩.就业保护的经济学分析——理论与实证研究的文献综述[J].首都经济贸易大学学报,2011,(6).
[25]杨伟国,代懋.中国就业管制的测量[J].中国人民大学学报,2010,(3).
[26]赖德胜.苏丽锋.孟大虎.李长安.中国各地区就业质量测算与评价[J].经济理论与经济管理,2011,(11).
[27]桑德林.卡则斯,伊莲娜.纳斯波洛娃.转型中的劳动力市场:平衡灵活性与安全性——中东欧的经验[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2005.