人工智能创作物利益分享机制研究
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摘要
人工智能可以划分为准智能阶段、算法智能阶段以及全脑仿真阶段,呈现出由弱人工智能向超人工智能发展的趋势。人工智能创作物所产生的利益现实存在,兼具内部分享机制和外部分享机制。内部分享机制可以纳入到传统的权利归属问题,但外部分享机制有待合理构建。外部分享具备劳动财产权和激励理论等理论依据,以及促进产业发展与利益平衡等现实要求。模式化创作可以借鉴民间文学艺术的利益分享机制或者建立强制许可制度,运用特定训练数据的深度学习可以实现间接利益共享,而依靠传感器自动获取不特定来源数据的深度学习应当属于合理使用。
Artificial intelligence can be divided into the quasi-intelligent stage,the algorithm intelligence stage and the whole brain simulation stage,which developed from weak artificial intelligence to super artificial intelligence. The benefits of artificial intelligence creation really exist,which can be divided into internal sharing mechanism and external sharing mechanism. The internal sharing mechanism can be incorporated into the traditional issue of copyrights attribution,but the external sharing mechanism needs to be properly constructed. The external sharing mechanism has the theoretical basis of labor property right and incentive theory,as well as the practical demands of promoting industrial development and a balance of interests. Stereotyped writing can draw lessons from the benefit-sharing mechanism of folk literature and art,or set up compulsory licensing system. Deep learning with specific training data can achieve indirect benefit sharing,while deep learning based on sensors to automatically acquire unspecific source data should belong to the fair use.
Artificial intelligence can be divided into the quasi-intelligent stage,the algorithm intelligence stage and the whole brain simulation stage,which developed from weak artificial intelligence to super artificial intelligence. The benefits of artificial intelligence creation really exist,which can be divided into internal sharing mechanism and external sharing mechanism. The internal sharing mechanism can be incorporated into the traditional issue of copyrights attribution,but the external sharing mechanism needs to be properly constructed. The external sharing mechanism has the theoretical basis of labor property right and incentive theory,as well as the practical demands of promoting industrial development and a balance of interests. Stereotyped writing can draw lessons from the benefit-sharing mechanism of folk literature and art,or set up compulsory licensing system. Deep learning with specific training data can achieve indirect benefit sharing,while deep learning based on sensors to automatically acquire unspecific source data should belong to the fair use.
引文
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[13]王果.论计算机“创作作品”的著作权保护[J].云南大学学报(法学版),2016,29(1):20-25.
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[21]付霞.关于建立民间文学艺术利益分享保护机制的思考[J].经济与社会发展,2008,6(9):116-119.
[22]Tal Vigderson.Hamlet II:The Sequel:The Rights of Authors vs.Computer-Generated Read-Alike Works[J].Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review,1994,28:401-446.
[23]黄丽萍.论著作权强制许可的适用范围和条件[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010(2):155-157.
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[25]Maurice Schellekens,A database right in search results?–An intellectual property right reconsidered in respect of computer generated databases[J].Computer Law&Security Review,2011,27(6):620-629.
[26][日]岡本義則.人工知能(AI)の学習用テ"ータに関する知的財産の保護[J].パテント,2017,70(10):91-96.
[27]Benjamin Sobel.Artificial Intelligence's Fair Use Crisis[J].Columbia Journal of Law&the Arts,2017,41(1):45-97.
[28]华夏.人工智能创作作品该不该有著作权?日本拟立法[EB/OL].(2016-04-18)[2018-02-04].http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2016/04-18/7837942.shtml.
[29]冯晓青.著作权合理使用制度之正当性研究[J].现代法学,2009,31(4):29-41.
[2]王小夏,付强.人工智能创作物著作权问题探析[J].中国出版,2017(17):33-36.
[3]梁志文.论人工智能创造物的法律保护[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报),2017,35(5):156-165.
[4]刘影.人工智能生成物的著作权法保护初探[J].知识产权,2017(9):44-50.
[5]Ralph D.Clifford.Intellectual Property in the Era of the Creative Computer Program:Will the True Creator Please Stand Up[J].Tulane Law Review,1997,71:1675-1703.
[6]Yann Le Cun et.al,Deep Leraning[J].Nature.2015,521:436-444.
[7]李斯特.当人工智能可以无限作曲[N].文汇报,2017-06-02(W02).
[8]刘润坤.人工智能取代艺术家?——从本体论视角看人工智能艺术创作[J].民族艺术研究,2017,30(2):71-76.
[9]SCHNBERGER Daniel,Deep Copyright:Up-and Downstream-Questions Related to Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Machine Learning(ML)[C]//De Werra Jacques(ed.),Droit d’auteur 4.0/Copyright 4.0,Geneva,2018:145-173.
[10]熊琦.人工智能生成内容的著作权认定[J].知识产权,2017(3):3-8.
[11]胡凌.人工智能的法律想象[J].文化纵横,2017(2):108-116.
[12]付霞.关于建立民间文学艺术利益分享保护机制的思考[J].经济与社会发展,2008,6(9):116-119.
[13]王果.论计算机“创作作品”的著作权保护[J].云南大学学报(法学版),2016,29(1):20-25.
[14]Samuelson P.Allocating Ownership Rights in Computer-Generated Works[J].University of Pittsburgh Law Review,1985,47:1185-1228.
[15]曹源.人工智能创作物获得版权保护的合理性[J].科技与法律,2016(3):488-508.
[16]Dan L.Burk.Algorithmic Fair Use[EB/OL].(2017-11-27)[2018-01-02]https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3076139.
[17]曹新明.关于权利弱化与利益分享理论之研究——一种新的知识产权理论范式[J].中南财经政法大学研究生学报,2007(1):10-19.
[18]杨德才.新制度经济学[M].北京:中国人民出版社,2015:28.
[19]Steve Schlackman,The Next Rembrandt:Who Holds the Copyright in Computer Generated Art[N].Art Law Journal,2016-4-22.
[20]易继明.人工智能创作物是作品吗?[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报),2017,35(5):137-147.
[21]付霞.关于建立民间文学艺术利益分享保护机制的思考[J].经济与社会发展,2008,6(9):116-119.
[22]Tal Vigderson.Hamlet II:The Sequel:The Rights of Authors vs.Computer-Generated Read-Alike Works[J].Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review,1994,28:401-446.
[23]黄丽萍.论著作权强制许可的适用范围和条件[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010(2):155-157.
[24]Rex Shoyama.Intelligent Agents:Authors,Makers,and Owners of Computer-Generated Works in Canadian Copyright Law[J].Canadian Journal of Law and Technology,2005,2(4):129-140.
[25]Maurice Schellekens,A database right in search results?–An intellectual property right reconsidered in respect of computer generated databases[J].Computer Law&Security Review,2011,27(6):620-629.
[26][日]岡本義則.人工知能(AI)の学習用テ"ータに関する知的財産の保護[J].パテント,2017,70(10):91-96.
[27]Benjamin Sobel.Artificial Intelligence's Fair Use Crisis[J].Columbia Journal of Law&the Arts,2017,41(1):45-97.
[28]华夏.人工智能创作作品该不该有著作权?日本拟立法[EB/OL].(2016-04-18)[2018-02-04].http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2016/04-18/7837942.shtml.
[29]冯晓青.著作权合理使用制度之正当性研究[J].现代法学,2009,31(4):29-41.