井下仪器电路系统主动降温技术研究现状及发展前景
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摘要
井下仪器电路系统耐高温问题是制约着钻井工程向深地发展的瓶颈问题之一。阐述了井下仪器电路系统主动降温技术的定义,分类研究了各种主动降温技术的原理及发展现状,评价分析了各种技术的特点,总结了井下仪器电路系统的热量来源及主动降温技术的构成要素。指出降温技术发展的趋势是大制冷量、小尺寸、强适应性及模块化;认识到井下仪器电路系统降温的必要性。建议加强对井下仪器电路系统主动降温装置的设计和研发,掌握井下主动降温关键技术,对优质高效勘探开发深部地层油气藏,保障中国油气资源的供应有重大意义。
The high temperature resistant problem of downhole tool circuit system is one of critical factors for constraining the development of drilling engineering to the deep formation. The definition of active cooling of downhole tool circuit system was introduced. The principle and the development current situation of various active cooling technology was studied. The characteristics of various technology was analyzed. The heat source of downhole tool circuit system and the components of active cooling technology was summarized. The trend of the development of active cooling is large capacity,small size,strong adaptability and modular. The cooling necessity of downhole tool circuit system was point out. The results suggest that the design and development of active cooling device of downhole tool circuit system should be strengthened and the active cooling key technology should be grasped. All of these have an important meanings for high quality and efficient exploration and development of deep formation reservoir,and for the supply of oil and gas resources ensurance.
The high temperature resistant problem of downhole tool circuit system is one of critical factors for constraining the development of drilling engineering to the deep formation. The definition of active cooling of downhole tool circuit system was introduced. The principle and the development current situation of various active cooling technology was studied. The characteristics of various technology was analyzed. The heat source of downhole tool circuit system and the components of active cooling technology was summarized. The trend of the development of active cooling is large capacity,small size,strong adaptability and modular. The cooling necessity of downhole tool circuit system was point out. The results suggest that the design and development of active cooling device of downhole tool circuit system should be strengthened and the active cooling key technology should be grasped. All of these have an important meanings for high quality and efficient exploration and development of deep formation reservoir,and for the supply of oil and gas resources ensurance.
引文
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4马青芳.钻井液冷却技术及装备综述[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):42-46Ma Qingfang.Discussion on drilling fluid cooling technology and equipment[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(10):42-46
5 Chen A,Ummaneni R B,Nilssen R,et al.Review of electrical machine in downhole applications and the advantages[C].13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Poznan,Poland:IEEE,2008:10264967
6 Braun T,Becker K F,Sommer J P,et al.High temperature potential of flip chip assemblies for automotive applications[C]//Electronic Components&Technology.UK:IEEE,2005:376-383
7 Dreike P L,Fleetwood D M,King D B,et al.An overview of hightemperature electronic device technologies and potential applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging&Manufacturing Technology Part A,2009,17(4):594-609
8 Werner M R,Fahrner W R.Review on materials,microsensors,systems and devices for high-temperature and harsh-environment applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(2):249-257
9 Stentoft K,Petersen M L.Electronics in harsh environments-product verification and validation[C]//IEEE Computer Society Reliability&Maintainability Symposium.NY:IEEE,2008:10646957
10刘益才.电子芯片冷却技术发展综述[J].电子器件,2006,29(1):296-300Liu Yicai.Recent development and prospects of the electronic apparatus cooling[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2006,29(1):296-300
11 Bar-Cohen A,Iyengar M.Design and optimization of air-cooled heat sinks for sustainable development[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2003,25(4):584-591
12 Choi J,Jeong M,Yoo J,et al.A new CPU cooler design based on an active cooling heat sink combined with heat pipes[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,44(2):50-56
13 Boyes J.The eyes of the oil industry[J].Electronics&Power,2009,27(6):484-488
14 Cohen J,Motion W,Martin J.The qwest for high temperature MWDand LWD tools[M].US:Gas TIPS,2002
15 Liu Y S,Kang X R,Li L.Petroleum exploration and development:nontechnical guide to petroleum geology,exploration,drilling,and production[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009
16 Rafie S.Thermal management of downhole oil&gas logging sensors for HTHP applications using nanoporous materials[C]//ASME 20072ndEnergy Nanotechnology Conference.Santa Clara,California,USA:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2007:27-32
17 Rafie S.Thermal isolation devices and methods for heat sensitive downhole components:US,7440283[P].2008-10-21
18 Hallundbak J.Downhole tool with thermally insulated electronics module:US,9416650[P].2016-08-16
19李培佳,冯志明,李红,等.浅层丛式井钻井工艺[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(2):90-91Li Peijia,Feng Zhiming,Li Hong,et al.Drilling technology of shallow cluster well[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2004,27(2):90-91
20方敏,李家龙,何纶.欠平衡泡沫流体钻井工艺技术[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):72-74Fang Min,Li Jialong,He Lun.Technique and technology for under balance pressure with foam fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(1):72-74
21苏义脑.简论大位移井钻井工艺与装备[J].国外石油机械,1997(1):61-62Su Yi'nao.Brief discussion on drilling technology and equipment of extended reach wells[J].Foreign Petroleum Machinery,1997(1):61-62
22 Flores A G.Active cooling for electronics in a wireline oil-exploration tool[D].Combridge,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1996
23 Flores A G.Apparatus and method for activity cooling instrumentation in a high temperature:US,5701751[P].1997-12-30
24陈则韶.高等工程热力学[M].第2版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2014:32-33Chen Zeshao.Advanced engineering thermodynamics[M].2nd ed.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2014:32-33
25朱明善.热力学分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992Zhu Mingshan.Thermodynamic analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1992
26 Bennett G A.Active cooling for downhole instrumentation:design critera and conceptual design summary:LA-10723-MS[R].Santa Fe:Los Alamos National Laboratory,1986
27 Bennett G A.Active cooling for downhole instrumentation:preliminary analysis and system selection:LA-11102-MS[R].Santa Fe:Los Alamos National Laboratory,1988
28 Bennett G A.Active cooling for downhole instrumentation:miniature thermoacoustic refrigerator[D].Albuquerque,USA:The University of New Mexico,1991
29 Kusmer D P,Wolk N A.Tool and method for actively cooling downhole electronics:US,9932817[P].2018-04-03
30赵镇南.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002Zhao Zhennan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002
31张靖周,常海萍.传热学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009Zhang Jingzhou,Chang Haiping.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009
32沈维道,童钧耕.工程热力学[M].第5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2016Shen Weidao,Tong Jungeng.Engineering thermodynamics[M].5th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2016
33 Hache J M.Apparatus and method for actively cooling instrumentation in a high temperature environment:US,6769487[P].2004-03-03
34 Verma S,Elias Q.Thermal management of electronics used in downhole tools[M].Texas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2012
35 Verma S,Brisson J G,Stabinskl E L,et al.Method for active cooling of downhole tools using the vapor compression cycle:US,9366111[P].2016-06-14
36严家騄,余晓福,王永青.水和水蒸汽热力性质图表[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004Yan Jialu,Yu Xiaofu,Wang Yongqing.Thermodynamic property tables and diagram for water and steam[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004
37吴业正.小型制冷装置设计指导[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014Wu Yezheng.Design guidance for small refrigeration units[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2014
38 Shang B,Ma Y,Hu R,et al.Passive thermal management system for downhole electronics in harsh thermal environments[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,118(Complete):593-599
39 Zhao D,Tan G.A review of thermoelectric cooling:materials,modeling and applications[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,66(1-2):15-24
40 Bosen G F,Ridge P.Downhole thermoelectric refrigerator:US,4375157[P].1983-05-01
41 Owens S,Bouldin B.Downhole system for extending the life span of electronic components:US,5547028[P].1996-08-20
42中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院.井下高效电制冷装置:中国,CN 105422046[P].2016-03-23CNPC Drilling Research Institute.The efficient electrical cooling device of downhole:China,CN 105422046[P].2016-03-23
43 Turner W E,Seppa R,Turner W E.Cooled electrical system for use downhole:US,5931000[P].1999-08-03
44 Turner W E,Seppa R,Turner W E.Cooled electrical system for use downhole:US,6134892[P].2000-10-24
45 Zhang L Z,Tanest C,Ludwig W,et al.Thermal management system for downhole tools:WO,086974[P].2017-05-26
46 Golla C,Schultz R L,Masino J.Method and apparatus for high temperature operation of electronics:US,0060964[P].2006-03-23
47 Stefano S,Kurt E,Anders J N.Active cooling and thermal management of a downhole tool electronics Section[C]//24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.Yokohama,Japan:International Institute of Refrigeration,2015
48陈国邦,汤珂.小型低温制冷机原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009Chen Guobang,Tang Ke.The principle of small cryogenic refrigerator[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009
49陈国邦,颜鹏达,李金寿.斯特林低温制冷机的研究与发展[J].低温工程,2006,(5):1-10Chen Guobang,Yan Pengda,Li Jinshou.Research and development of Stirling cryogenic refrigerator[J].Cryogenics,2006,(5):1-10
50黄晖,陈晓屏,李娟,等.微型斯特林制冷机技术研究[J].红外与激光工程,2006(S5):133-142Huang Hui,Chen Xiaoping,Li Juan,et al.Technology of microStirling cryocooler[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006(S5):133-142
51 Revellat G,Stoller C,Adolph R A,et al.Downhole tools with a Stirling cooler system:US,0097911[P].2005-12-05
52李勇,罗新奎,张安,等.斯特林型制冷机集成制冷的发展[J].真空与低温,2017,23(4):200-206Li Yong,Luo Xinkui,Zhang An,et al.The development of Stirling type cryocooler with multiple expanders refrigerating with integrated structure[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2017,23(4):200-206
53曾烊平,陈曦.自由活塞斯特林制冷机的研究与应用进展[J].真空与低温,2017,23(2):68-75Zeng Yangping,Chen Xi.Overview of research and application of free-piston Stirling cooler[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2017,23(2):68-75
54陆彭飞,刘向农,王铁军.小型分置式斯特林制冷机理论冷量的计算方法[J].低温技术,2008,36(11):17-20Lu Pengfei,Liu Xiangnong,Wang Tiejun.The calculation method of theoretical cooling capacity for the split Stirling cryocooler[J].Cryogenics,2008,36(11):17-20
55 Pennewitz E,Schilling M,Kruspe T,et al.Active cooling of downhole instrumentation for drilling in deep geothermal reservoirs[C]//IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.Now York:IEEE,2012:600-603
56苏义脑.螺杆钻具研究及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001Su Yi'nao.Research and application of screw drilling tools[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001
57陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2000Chen Tinggen,Guan Zhichuan.Drilling engineering theory and technology[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2000
58 Zhao Y H,Wang H Y,Diao Y H,et al.Heat transfer characteristics of flat micro-heat pipe array[J].CIESC Journal,2011,62(2):336-343
59李腾,刘静.芯片冷却技术的最新研究进展及其评价[J].制冷学报,2004(3):22-32Li Teng,Liu Jing.Latest research advancement and assessment of chip cooling techniques[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2004(3):22-32
60刘芳,杨志鹏,袁卫星,等.电子芯片散热技术的研究及发展前景[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(23):163-169Liu Fang,Yang Zhipeng,Yuan Weixing,et al.Research status and development prospect of the chip cooling technologies[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(23):163-169
2刘希圣.钻井工艺原理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1981Liu Xisheng.Principle of drilling technology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1981
3魏学敬,赵相泽.定向钻井技术与作业指南[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012Wei Xuejing,Zhao Xiangze.Directional drilling technology and operational guidelines[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012
4马青芳.钻井液冷却技术及装备综述[J].石油机械,2016,44(10):42-46Ma Qingfang.Discussion on drilling fluid cooling technology and equipment[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2016,44(10):42-46
5 Chen A,Ummaneni R B,Nilssen R,et al.Review of electrical machine in downhole applications and the advantages[C].13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Poznan,Poland:IEEE,2008:10264967
6 Braun T,Becker K F,Sommer J P,et al.High temperature potential of flip chip assemblies for automotive applications[C]//Electronic Components&Technology.UK:IEEE,2005:376-383
7 Dreike P L,Fleetwood D M,King D B,et al.An overview of hightemperature electronic device technologies and potential applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging&Manufacturing Technology Part A,2009,17(4):594-609
8 Werner M R,Fahrner W R.Review on materials,microsensors,systems and devices for high-temperature and harsh-environment applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2001,48(2):249-257
9 Stentoft K,Petersen M L.Electronics in harsh environments-product verification and validation[C]//IEEE Computer Society Reliability&Maintainability Symposium.NY:IEEE,2008:10646957
10刘益才.电子芯片冷却技术发展综述[J].电子器件,2006,29(1):296-300Liu Yicai.Recent development and prospects of the electronic apparatus cooling[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2006,29(1):296-300
11 Bar-Cohen A,Iyengar M.Design and optimization of air-cooled heat sinks for sustainable development[J].IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies,2003,25(4):584-591
12 Choi J,Jeong M,Yoo J,et al.A new CPU cooler design based on an active cooling heat sink combined with heat pipes[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2012,44(2):50-56
13 Boyes J.The eyes of the oil industry[J].Electronics&Power,2009,27(6):484-488
14 Cohen J,Motion W,Martin J.The qwest for high temperature MWDand LWD tools[M].US:Gas TIPS,2002
15 Liu Y S,Kang X R,Li L.Petroleum exploration and development:nontechnical guide to petroleum geology,exploration,drilling,and production[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2009
16 Rafie S.Thermal management of downhole oil&gas logging sensors for HTHP applications using nanoporous materials[C]//ASME 20072ndEnergy Nanotechnology Conference.Santa Clara,California,USA:The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2007:27-32
17 Rafie S.Thermal isolation devices and methods for heat sensitive downhole components:US,7440283[P].2008-10-21
18 Hallundbak J.Downhole tool with thermally insulated electronics module:US,9416650[P].2016-08-16
19李培佳,冯志明,李红,等.浅层丛式井钻井工艺[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(2):90-91Li Peijia,Feng Zhiming,Li Hong,et al.Drilling technology of shallow cluster well[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2004,27(2):90-91
20方敏,李家龙,何纶.欠平衡泡沫流体钻井工艺技术[J].天然气工业,2001,21(1):72-74Fang Min,Li Jialong,He Lun.Technique and technology for under balance pressure with foam fluid[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(1):72-74
21苏义脑.简论大位移井钻井工艺与装备[J].国外石油机械,1997(1):61-62Su Yi'nao.Brief discussion on drilling technology and equipment of extended reach wells[J].Foreign Petroleum Machinery,1997(1):61-62
22 Flores A G.Active cooling for electronics in a wireline oil-exploration tool[D].Combridge,USA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1996
23 Flores A G.Apparatus and method for activity cooling instrumentation in a high temperature:US,5701751[P].1997-12-30
24陈则韶.高等工程热力学[M].第2版.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2014:32-33Chen Zeshao.Advanced engineering thermodynamics[M].2nd ed.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,2014:32-33
25朱明善.热力学分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992Zhu Mingshan.Thermodynamic analysis[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,1992
26 Bennett G A.Active cooling for downhole instrumentation:design critera and conceptual design summary:LA-10723-MS[R].Santa Fe:Los Alamos National Laboratory,1986
27 Bennett G A.Active cooling for downhole instrumentation:preliminary analysis and system selection:LA-11102-MS[R].Santa Fe:Los Alamos National Laboratory,1988
28 Bennett G A.Active cooling for downhole instrumentation:miniature thermoacoustic refrigerator[D].Albuquerque,USA:The University of New Mexico,1991
29 Kusmer D P,Wolk N A.Tool and method for actively cooling downhole electronics:US,9932817[P].2018-04-03
30赵镇南.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002Zhao Zhennan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002
31张靖周,常海萍.传热学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009Zhang Jingzhou,Chang Haiping.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009
32沈维道,童钧耕.工程热力学[M].第5版.北京:高等教育出版社,2016Shen Weidao,Tong Jungeng.Engineering thermodynamics[M].5th ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2016
33 Hache J M.Apparatus and method for actively cooling instrumentation in a high temperature environment:US,6769487[P].2004-03-03
34 Verma S,Elias Q.Thermal management of electronics used in downhole tools[M].Texas:Society of Petroleum Engineers,2012
35 Verma S,Brisson J G,Stabinskl E L,et al.Method for active cooling of downhole tools using the vapor compression cycle:US,9366111[P].2016-06-14
36严家騄,余晓福,王永青.水和水蒸汽热力性质图表[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004Yan Jialu,Yu Xiaofu,Wang Yongqing.Thermodynamic property tables and diagram for water and steam[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2004
37吴业正.小型制冷装置设计指导[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014Wu Yezheng.Design guidance for small refrigeration units[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2014
38 Shang B,Ma Y,Hu R,et al.Passive thermal management system for downhole electronics in harsh thermal environments[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,118(Complete):593-599
39 Zhao D,Tan G.A review of thermoelectric cooling:materials,modeling and applications[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014,66(1-2):15-24
40 Bosen G F,Ridge P.Downhole thermoelectric refrigerator:US,4375157[P].1983-05-01
41 Owens S,Bouldin B.Downhole system for extending the life span of electronic components:US,5547028[P].1996-08-20
42中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院.井下高效电制冷装置:中国,CN 105422046[P].2016-03-23CNPC Drilling Research Institute.The efficient electrical cooling device of downhole:China,CN 105422046[P].2016-03-23
43 Turner W E,Seppa R,Turner W E.Cooled electrical system for use downhole:US,5931000[P].1999-08-03
44 Turner W E,Seppa R,Turner W E.Cooled electrical system for use downhole:US,6134892[P].2000-10-24
45 Zhang L Z,Tanest C,Ludwig W,et al.Thermal management system for downhole tools:WO,086974[P].2017-05-26
46 Golla C,Schultz R L,Masino J.Method and apparatus for high temperature operation of electronics:US,0060964[P].2006-03-23
47 Stefano S,Kurt E,Anders J N.Active cooling and thermal management of a downhole tool electronics Section[C]//24th IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.Yokohama,Japan:International Institute of Refrigeration,2015
48陈国邦,汤珂.小型低温制冷机原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2009Chen Guobang,Tang Ke.The principle of small cryogenic refrigerator[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009
49陈国邦,颜鹏达,李金寿.斯特林低温制冷机的研究与发展[J].低温工程,2006,(5):1-10Chen Guobang,Yan Pengda,Li Jinshou.Research and development of Stirling cryogenic refrigerator[J].Cryogenics,2006,(5):1-10
50黄晖,陈晓屏,李娟,等.微型斯特林制冷机技术研究[J].红外与激光工程,2006(S5):133-142Huang Hui,Chen Xiaoping,Li Juan,et al.Technology of microStirling cryocooler[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2006(S5):133-142
51 Revellat G,Stoller C,Adolph R A,et al.Downhole tools with a Stirling cooler system:US,0097911[P].2005-12-05
52李勇,罗新奎,张安,等.斯特林型制冷机集成制冷的发展[J].真空与低温,2017,23(4):200-206Li Yong,Luo Xinkui,Zhang An,et al.The development of Stirling type cryocooler with multiple expanders refrigerating with integrated structure[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2017,23(4):200-206
53曾烊平,陈曦.自由活塞斯特林制冷机的研究与应用进展[J].真空与低温,2017,23(2):68-75Zeng Yangping,Chen Xi.Overview of research and application of free-piston Stirling cooler[J].Vacuum&Cryogenics,2017,23(2):68-75
54陆彭飞,刘向农,王铁军.小型分置式斯特林制冷机理论冷量的计算方法[J].低温技术,2008,36(11):17-20Lu Pengfei,Liu Xiangnong,Wang Tiejun.The calculation method of theoretical cooling capacity for the split Stirling cryocooler[J].Cryogenics,2008,36(11):17-20
55 Pennewitz E,Schilling M,Kruspe T,et al.Active cooling of downhole instrumentation for drilling in deep geothermal reservoirs[C]//IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference.Now York:IEEE,2012:600-603
56苏义脑.螺杆钻具研究及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001Su Yi'nao.Research and application of screw drilling tools[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001
57陈庭根,管志川.钻井工程理论与技术[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,2000Chen Tinggen,Guan Zhichuan.Drilling engineering theory and technology[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,2000
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