一种基于风险管控的稻田土壤重金属污染分级方法
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摘要
系统认识中国农田土壤污染风险地理特征,探索基于风险管控的农田土壤重金属污染分级方法,实现土壤污染分类分级化治理和修复重要且迫切。然而,目前尚未建立科学、完善、有针对性的土壤重金属污染风险分类分级方法,这制约了大面积农田重金属污染治理的有效实施。该研究采用土壤单因子指数、农产品单因子指数和富集系数相结合的方法,针对珠三角典型稻田土壤Cd污染,基于自然地理要素和污染源等因素划分评价的地理单元,进一步结合点位土壤、农产品和富集系数风险划分等级,进行区域稻田土壤重金属污染风险分级,通过构建土壤、农产品和富集系数相结合的土壤重金属污染分级方法,将珠三角稻田重金属Cd污染风险等级划分为无风险、低风险、中度风险、高风险4个等级;同时,综合分析县级行政边界、地形、河流水系、点位风险评价结果将珠三角内稻田土壤划分为125个风险评价单元,其中,优先保护类、安全利用类和严格管控类的评价单元分别有85个、38个和2个。按风险等级划分,区域内无、低、中、高风险单元分别有85个、30个、8个和2个,未出现极高风险单元。该研究建立的稻田土壤重金属污染分级方法符合当前中国土壤污染防治工作的目标和任务,是对现有土壤环境质量分级方法的科学探索和有效补充。
It is paramount and urgent to systematically understand the geographical characteristics of farmland soil pollution risk in China, to explore the classification approach of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil based on risk management and control, and to realize classified treatment and remediation of soil pollution. However, scientific, sound and targeted risk classification methods of soil heavy metal pollution have not been established, which restricts the effective implementation of heavy metal pollution control in large-area farmland soil. In this study, soil single-factor index, agricultural single-factor index and enrichment coefficient were used to classify the risk of heavy metal contamination in paddy soil. For the pollution of Cd in typical paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta, the geographic units of assessment were divided based on the factors of physical geography and pollution sources, and the risk grade of Cd pollution was divided into four levels: non-risk, low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk by constructing a classification method combining soil, agricultural products and enrichment factors. Meanwhile, we classified the paddy soils in the Pearl River Delta into 125 risk units by a comprehensive analysis of county-level administrative boundaries, topography, rivers and the results of point-level risk assessment. The classification approach of heavy metal pollution in paddy soils established in this study is in line with the objectives and tasks of soil pollution prevention and control in China. Our study is a scientific exploration and effective supplement to the existing classification methods of soil environmental quality. Our approach can provide an effective and powerful reference for the classification of soil pollution grade in China so as to guarantee the sustainable utilization of soil resources and ecological security.
It is paramount and urgent to systematically understand the geographical characteristics of farmland soil pollution risk in China, to explore the classification approach of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil based on risk management and control, and to realize classified treatment and remediation of soil pollution. However, scientific, sound and targeted risk classification methods of soil heavy metal pollution have not been established, which restricts the effective implementation of heavy metal pollution control in large-area farmland soil. In this study, soil single-factor index, agricultural single-factor index and enrichment coefficient were used to classify the risk of heavy metal contamination in paddy soil. For the pollution of Cd in typical paddy fields in the Pearl River Delta, the geographic units of assessment were divided based on the factors of physical geography and pollution sources, and the risk grade of Cd pollution was divided into four levels: non-risk, low-risk, moderate-risk and high-risk by constructing a classification method combining soil, agricultural products and enrichment factors. Meanwhile, we classified the paddy soils in the Pearl River Delta into 125 risk units by a comprehensive analysis of county-level administrative boundaries, topography, rivers and the results of point-level risk assessment. The classification approach of heavy metal pollution in paddy soils established in this study is in line with the objectives and tasks of soil pollution prevention and control in China. Our study is a scientific exploration and effective supplement to the existing classification methods of soil environmental quality. Our approach can provide an effective and powerful reference for the classification of soil pollution grade in China so as to guarantee the sustainable utilization of soil resources and ecological security.
引文
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LIU D X,MA J H,SUN Y L,et al.,2016.Spatial distribution of soil magnetic susceptibility and correlation with heavy metal pollution in Kaifeng City,China[J].Catena,139:53-60.
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WANG Q,LIU J F,CHEN Z,et al.,2018.A causation-based method developed for an integrated risk assessment of heavy metals in soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,642:1396-1405.
YANG Q Q,LI Z Y,LU X N,et al.,2018.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from industrial and agricultural regions in China:Pollution and risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,642:690-700.
ZHANG P Y,QIN C Z,HONG X,et al.,2018.Risk assessment and source analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from lower reaches of Yellow River irrigation in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,633:1136-1147.
曹祺文,吴健生,仝德,等,2016.基于空间自相关的区域农地变化驱动力研究:以珠三角地区为例[J].资源科学,38(4):714-727.
曾辉,邵楠,郭庆华,1999.珠江三角洲东部常平地区景观异质性研究[J].地理学报,54(3):253-262.
陈怀满,郑春荣,涂从,等,1999.中国土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策[J].AMBIO-人类环境杂志,28(2):130-134,207.
邓琳静,2016.重金属胁迫下农业土壤根际微生物的群落结构和多样性的变化[D].长沙:湖南大学:53-172.
樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等,2013.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,22(10):1727-1736.
顾继光,周启星,王新,2003.土壤重金属污染的治理途径及其研究进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,11(2):143-151.
广东省质量技术监督局,2014.土壤重金属风险评价筛选值珠江三角洲:DB 44/T 1415-2014[S].
环境保护部,国土资源部,2014.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].国土资源通讯:12-14.
黎夏,2004.珠江三角洲发展走廊1988-1997年土地利用变化特征的空间分析[J].自然资源学报,19(3):307-315.
刘蕊,张辉,勾昕,等,2014.健康风险评估方法在中国重金属污染中的应用及暴露评估模型的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(7):1239-1244.
陆大道,2017.关于珠江三角洲大城市群与泛珠三角经济合作区的发展问题[J].经济地理,37(4):1-4.
骆永明,滕应,2018.我国土壤污染的区域差异与分区治理修复策略[J].中国科学院院刊,33(2):145-152.
秦普丰,刘丽,侯红,等,2010.工业城市不同功能区土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染及其健康风险评价[J].生态环境学报,19(7):1668-1674.
邱孟龙,王琦,刘黎明,等,2017.优化赋权模糊综合评价法对耕地土壤重金属污染的风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,33(11):1049-1056.
生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局,2018.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618-2018[S].
苏耀明,陈志良,雷国建,等,2016.多金属矿区土壤重金属垂向污染特征及风险评估[J].生态环境学报,25(1):130-134.
王国庆,林玉锁,2016.结合《土壤污染防治行动计划》探讨中国土壤环境监管制度与标准值体系建设[J].中国环境管理,8(5):39-43.
张甘霖,吴华勇,2018.从问题到解决方案:土壤与可持续发展目标的实现[J].中国科学院院刊,33(2):124-134.
张文忠,王传胜,吕昕,等,2003.珠江三角洲土地利用变化与工业化和城市化的耦合关系[J].地理学报,58(5):677-685.
中华人民共和国卫生部,2012.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量:GB 2762-2012[S].
朱永官,李刚,张甘霖,等,2015.土壤安全:从地球关键带到生态系统服务[J].地理学报,70(12):1859-1869.
宗庆霞,窦磊,侯青叶,等,2017.基于土地利用类型的土壤重金属区域生态风险评价:以珠江三角洲经济区为例[J].地球科学进展,32(8):875-884.
HUANG Y,DENG M H,WU S F,et al.2018.A modified receptor model for source apportionment of heavy metal pollution in soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,299:540-549.
LI Q S,CHEN Y,FU H B,et al.,2012.Health risk of heavy metals in food crops grown on reclaimed tidal flat soil in the Pearl River Estuary,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,227-228(16):148-154.
LI W B,WANG D Y,WANG Q,et al.,2017.Impacts from Land Use Pattern on Spatial Distribution of Cultivated Soil Heavy Metal Pollution in Typical Rural-Urban Fringe of Northeast China[J].International Journal of Environmental Research&Public Health,14(3):336-343.
LIU D X,MA J H,SUN Y L,et al.,2016.Spatial distribution of soil magnetic susceptibility and correlation with heavy metal pollution in Kaifeng City,China[J].Catena,139:53-60.
LUO N,AN XIANG L U,WANG J H,2016.Estimation and analysis system for soil heavy metal pollution based on spatial interpolation[J].Journal of Food Safety&Quality,7(2):497-504.
MOORE D S,2010.The basic practice of statistics[M].5rd ed.New York:Freeman and Co:78-99.
WANG Q,LIU J F,CHEN Z,et al.,2018.A causation-based method developed for an integrated risk assessment of heavy metals in soil[J].Science of the Total Environment,642:1396-1405.
YANG Q Q,LI Z Y,LU X N,et al.,2018.A review of soil heavy metal pollution from industrial and agricultural regions in China:Pollution and risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,642:690-700.
ZHANG P Y,QIN C Z,HONG X,et al.,2018.Risk assessment and source analysis of soil heavy metal pollution from lower reaches of Yellow River irrigation in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,633:1136-1147.
曹祺文,吴健生,仝德,等,2016.基于空间自相关的区域农地变化驱动力研究:以珠三角地区为例[J].资源科学,38(4):714-727.
曾辉,邵楠,郭庆华,1999.珠江三角洲东部常平地区景观异质性研究[J].地理学报,54(3):253-262.
陈怀满,郑春荣,涂从,等,1999.中国土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策[J].AMBIO-人类环境杂志,28(2):130-134,207.
邓琳静,2016.重金属胁迫下农业土壤根际微生物的群落结构和多样性的变化[D].长沙:湖南大学:53-172.
樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等,2013.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,22(10):1727-1736.
顾继光,周启星,王新,2003.土壤重金属污染的治理途径及其研究进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,11(2):143-151.
广东省质量技术监督局,2014.土壤重金属风险评价筛选值珠江三角洲:DB 44/T 1415-2014[S].
环境保护部,国土资源部,2014.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[R].国土资源通讯:12-14.
黎夏,2004.珠江三角洲发展走廊1988-1997年土地利用变化特征的空间分析[J].自然资源学报,19(3):307-315.
刘蕊,张辉,勾昕,等,2014.健康风险评估方法在中国重金属污染中的应用及暴露评估模型的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,23(7):1239-1244.
陆大道,2017.关于珠江三角洲大城市群与泛珠三角经济合作区的发展问题[J].经济地理,37(4):1-4.
骆永明,滕应,2018.我国土壤污染的区域差异与分区治理修复策略[J].中国科学院院刊,33(2):145-152.
秦普丰,刘丽,侯红,等,2010.工业城市不同功能区土壤和蔬菜中重金属污染及其健康风险评价[J].生态环境学报,19(7):1668-1674.
邱孟龙,王琦,刘黎明,等,2017.优化赋权模糊综合评价法对耕地土壤重金属污染的风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,33(11):1049-1056.
生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局,2018.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618-2018[S].
苏耀明,陈志良,雷国建,等,2016.多金属矿区土壤重金属垂向污染特征及风险评估[J].生态环境学报,25(1):130-134.
王国庆,林玉锁,2016.结合《土壤污染防治行动计划》探讨中国土壤环境监管制度与标准值体系建设[J].中国环境管理,8(5):39-43.
张甘霖,吴华勇,2018.从问题到解决方案:土壤与可持续发展目标的实现[J].中国科学院院刊,33(2):124-134.
张文忠,王传胜,吕昕,等,2003.珠江三角洲土地利用变化与工业化和城市化的耦合关系[J].地理学报,58(5):677-685.
中华人民共和国卫生部,2012.食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量:GB 2762-2012[S].
朱永官,李刚,张甘霖,等,2015.土壤安全:从地球关键带到生态系统服务[J].地理学报,70(12):1859-1869.
宗庆霞,窦磊,侯青叶,等,2017.基于土地利用类型的土壤重金属区域生态风险评价:以珠江三角洲经济区为例[J].地球科学进展,32(8):875-884.