矿业废弃复垦地主导作物重金属健康风险评价
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摘要
针对矿业废弃复垦地土壤重金属含量明显上升以及由此引起的粮食安全问题,以西南地区某硫磺矿废弃复垦地为研究对象,利用"点对点"采集土壤和玉米样品40个,建立研究区玉米重金属健康风险评价模型,基于该模型,联合地理加权回归(Geographic Weighted Regression,GWR)、综合污染指数法等方法,进行了复垦区域主导作物重金属健康风险评价及其相关性分析。结果表明:玉米籽粒中重金属均值均未超过国家食品卫生标准(GB 2762—2012)限值,仅部分点位出现超标现象,其中Cr、Ni、Cd的超标率分别为2.5%、5.0%和10.0%;从食用当地主导作物引起的健康风险结果来看,该地区种植的玉米对成人健康不会产生风险,但对儿童健康产生风险的可能性大,需引起重视;玉米籽粒中Cr的个人平均年健康风险最大,已超过USEPA推荐的最大可接受风险(1.0×10-4a-1),故应对此加强防范管理,而其他元素均处于安全水平。相关性分析表明,Ni、As元素在玉米籽粒与土壤中对应显著正相关(P<0.05),Cd呈现极显著正相关(P<0.01);GWR模型有效揭示了土壤对玉米的影响是一种空间非平稳关系。该模型可为当地作物中重金属污染差别化治理和防控提供科学依据。
Focus on the content of soil heavy metals in mining abandoned reclamation land and the associated food safety problems have obviously increased. In the present study, the southwest area of a sulfur mining wasteland reclamation area was used as the research object. A total of 40 soil samples and 40 corn samples were collected from different points. The content of five heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg)in corn was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The health risk assessment model of corn was established. Based on the model, combined with geographic weighted regression(GWR)and comprehensive pollution index method, the health risk assessment and correlation analysis of heavy metals of the dominant crops in the reclamation area were conducted. The results showed that the mean level of all heavy metals in corn kernels did not exceed the limit of National Standards for Food Hygiene(GB 2762—2012), but in some samples the level was high. Furthermore, the over-standard rates of Cr,Ni, and Cd were 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%, respectively, with 17.5% of corn samples exceeding the standards. In addition, the assessment results of the single health risk index with corn indicated that the pollution with Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg had no effect on adult and children,whereas, the assessment results of the comprehensive health risk index with corn showed that the pollution with heavy metals could result in health risks for children via food ingestion, thus, requiring special attention. The average annual health risk of Cr in corn was the largest,which exceeded the maximum acceptable risk recommended by the USEPA(1.0×10-4 a-1). Therefore, the prevention and management measures should be strengthened, whereas, the other four elements belonged to the safety level. The correlation analysis of heavy metal content between soil and corn showed that Ni and As had a significant positive correlation(P<0.05)between corn kernels and soil, and Cd showed a very significant positive correlation(P<0.01). The GWR model effectively revealed that the influence of soil on corn was a spatial nonstationary relationship, and it could provide scientific basis for differential treatment and prevention of heavy metal pollution in local crops.
Focus on the content of soil heavy metals in mining abandoned reclamation land and the associated food safety problems have obviously increased. In the present study, the southwest area of a sulfur mining wasteland reclamation area was used as the research object. A total of 40 soil samples and 40 corn samples were collected from different points. The content of five heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg)in corn was measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The health risk assessment model of corn was established. Based on the model, combined with geographic weighted regression(GWR)and comprehensive pollution index method, the health risk assessment and correlation analysis of heavy metals of the dominant crops in the reclamation area were conducted. The results showed that the mean level of all heavy metals in corn kernels did not exceed the limit of National Standards for Food Hygiene(GB 2762—2012), but in some samples the level was high. Furthermore, the over-standard rates of Cr,Ni, and Cd were 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%, respectively, with 17.5% of corn samples exceeding the standards. In addition, the assessment results of the single health risk index with corn indicated that the pollution with Cr, Ni, Cd, As, and Hg had no effect on adult and children,whereas, the assessment results of the comprehensive health risk index with corn showed that the pollution with heavy metals could result in health risks for children via food ingestion, thus, requiring special attention. The average annual health risk of Cr in corn was the largest,which exceeded the maximum acceptable risk recommended by the USEPA(1.0×10-4 a-1). Therefore, the prevention and management measures should be strengthened, whereas, the other four elements belonged to the safety level. The correlation analysis of heavy metal content between soil and corn showed that Ni and As had a significant positive correlation(P<0.05)between corn kernels and soil, and Cd showed a very significant positive correlation(P<0.01). The GWR model effectively revealed that the influence of soil on corn was a spatial nonstationary relationship, and it could provide scientific basis for differential treatment and prevention of heavy metal pollution in local crops.
引文
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