发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈幼鱼生长性能及养殖水质的影响
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摘要
试验旨在研究不同比例发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈生长性能和养殖水质的影响。选取初始体重为(13.00±0.02)g的花鲈400尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。在42 d的饲养期间分别投喂5种试验饲料,即高鱼粉组(36%鱼粉+8%发酵豆粕)、中鱼粉组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)、包膜氨基酸组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)、植酸酶组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)和低鱼粉组(26%鱼粉+32%发酵豆粕),分别记为G0、G1、G2、G3和G4。试验结果显示,与G0组相比,G1、G2组和G3组花鲈的末均重、增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05),G4组与G0组无显著差异(P>0.05)。与G1组相比,G2组饲料系数显著下降(P<0.05)。G3组中饲料系数低于G1组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。与G0组相比,G4组中花鲈的肝体比显著下降(P<0.05)。各组间成活率和肥满度无显著差异(P>0.05)。各组间花鲈全鱼体成分及水体pH值、溶氧量和总氮差异不显著(P>0.05)。第14 d之后,G2组和G3组亚硝酸盐氮含量显著低于G0组(P<0.05)。第21 d之后,G2、G3组和G4组水体总磷含量显著低于G0组(P<0.05),其中第28 d,G3组比G0组降低26.92%。第28 d之后,G0组氨氮含量显著高于其它组(P<0.05)。发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸和植酸酶可提高花鲈的生长性能,降低养殖水质中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和磷的排放,改善花鲈养殖水质。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different proportions of fermentedsoybean meal replacing fish meal and adding coated amino acids and phytase on the growth perfor-mance and water quality for Lateolabrax japonicus. A total of 400 fish with an initial body weight of(13.00±0.02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups, 4 replicates in each group, and 20 fishes per rep-licate. Five diets, including high fishmeal group G0(36% fish meal+8% fermented soybean meal), me-dium fish meal group G1(31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal), and coated amino acid groupG2(31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal), phytase group G3(31% fish meal+20% fermentedsoybean meal) and low fish meal group G4(26%fish meal + 32% fermented soybean meal), wereprepared and fed to fish during the 42-day feed-ing period. Compared with G0, the averageweight, weight gain rate and specific growth rateof fish were significantly increased(P<0.05), andthe feed coefficient was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in G1, G2 and G3. There was no signifi-cant difference between G4 and G0(P>0.05).Compared with G1, the feed coefficient was lower in G2(P<0.05). The feed coefficient in G3 was low-er than that in G1, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). Compared with G0, the hepatosomat-ic index in G4 was significantly decreased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in survivalrate and condition factor between the groups(P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in fishbody composition, water pH, dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen among groups(P>0.05). After the 14 th day, the nitrite nitrogen content in G2 and G3 groups were significantly lower than that in G0(P<0.05).After the 21 stday, the total phosphorus content in G2, G3 and G4 was significantly lower than that inG0(P<0.05). On the 28 thday, the total phosphorus content in G3 was 26.92% lower than G0. After the28 thday, the ammonia nitrogen content of G0 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05). In conclusion, replacing fish meal by fermented soybean meal along with adding coated amino ac-ids and phytase could improve the growth performance of Lateolabrax japonicus, reduce the emission ofammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphorus in water, and improve the water quality of culturingLateolabrax japonicus.
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different proportions of fermentedsoybean meal replacing fish meal and adding coated amino acids and phytase on the growth perfor-mance and water quality for Lateolabrax japonicus. A total of 400 fish with an initial body weight of(13.00±0.02) g were randomly divided into 5 groups, 4 replicates in each group, and 20 fishes per rep-licate. Five diets, including high fishmeal group G0(36% fish meal+8% fermented soybean meal), me-dium fish meal group G1(31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal), and coated amino acid groupG2(31% fish meal+20% fermented soybean meal), phytase group G3(31% fish meal+20% fermentedsoybean meal) and low fish meal group G4(26%fish meal + 32% fermented soybean meal), wereprepared and fed to fish during the 42-day feed-ing period. Compared with G0, the averageweight, weight gain rate and specific growth rateof fish were significantly increased(P<0.05), andthe feed coefficient was significantly decreased(P<0.05) in G1, G2 and G3. There was no signifi-cant difference between G4 and G0(P>0.05).Compared with G1, the feed coefficient was lower in G2(P<0.05). The feed coefficient in G3 was low-er than that in G1, but the difference was not significant(P>0.05). Compared with G0, the hepatosomat-ic index in G4 was significantly decreased(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in survivalrate and condition factor between the groups(P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in fishbody composition, water pH, dissolved oxygen and total nitrogen among groups(P>0.05). After the 14 th day, the nitrite nitrogen content in G2 and G3 groups were significantly lower than that in G0(P<0.05).After the 21 stday, the total phosphorus content in G2, G3 and G4 was significantly lower than that inG0(P<0.05). On the 28 thday, the total phosphorus content in G3 was 26.92% lower than G0. After the28 thday, the ammonia nitrogen content of G0 was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05). In conclusion, replacing fish meal by fermented soybean meal along with adding coated amino ac-ids and phytase could improve the growth performance of Lateolabrax japonicus, reduce the emission ofammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and phosphorus in water, and improve the water quality of culturingLateolabrax japonicus.
引文
[1]周岐存,麦康森,刘永坚,等.动植物蛋白源替代鱼粉研究进展[J].水产学报,2005,29(3):404-410.
[2]王立改,曾文繁,楼宝,等.发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对黄姑鱼幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肝脏中类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018(3):989-998.52
[3]刘韬,华雪铭,黄旭雄,等.发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫相关酶及免疫相关基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(9):1417-1427.
[4]冯建,王萍,何娇娇,等,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016(11):3493-3502.
[5]Villamar D F,Landon C J.Delivery of Dietary Components of Larval Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)by means of Complex Micro Capsules[J].Marine Biology,1993,115:635-642.
[6]Wang Y,Kong L J,Li C,et al.Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal on Growth,Feed Utilization and Carcass Composition of Cuneate Drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(4):1307-1313.
[7]Lim S J,Kim S S,Ko G Y,et al.Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal in Diets for Tiger Puffer,Takifugu Rubripes[J].Aquaculture,2011,313(1/4):165-170.
[8]Lin S M,Luo L.Effects of Different Levels of Soybean Meal Inclusion in Replacement for Fish Meal on Growth,Digestive Enzymes and Transaminase Activities in Practical Diets for Juvenile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,168(1/2):80-87.
[9]张铁鹰,周良娟.植酸酶在畜禽日粮中应用研究进展[J].中国饲料,2005(4):25-28.
[10]Cheng Z J,Hardy R W,Viviane V,et al.Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation and Dosage on Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Nutrients and Dry Matter in Soybean ProductBased Diets for Rainbow Trout Oncorhychus mykiss[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,35(1):1-15.
[11]Dalsggard J,Ekmann K S,Pedersen P B,et al.Effect of Supplemented Fungal Phytase on Performance and Phosphorus Availability by Phosphorus-depleted Juvenile Rainbow Trout(Oncorhychus mykiss),and on the Magnitude and Composition of Phosphorus Waste Output[J].Aquaculture,2009,286(1):105-112.
[12]Kumar V,Sinha A K,Makkar H P S,et al.Phytate and Phytase in Fish Nutrition[J].Journal of Animal physiology&Animal nutrition,2012,96(3):335.
[13]牛凤池,黄燕华,曹俊明,等.5种添加剂对黄颡鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(7):2176-2183.
[14]Alam M S,Teshima S,Ishikawa M,et al.Effects of Supplementation of Coated Crystalline Amino Acids on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Juvenile Kuruma Shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2004,10:309-316.
[15]孟祥科,孙阳,屈菲,等.植酸酶对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼生长、消化酶及消化率的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(4):323-328.
[16]Refstie S,Sahlstrom S,Bratthen E,et al.Lactic Acid Fermentation Eliminates Indigestible Carbohydratesand Antinutritional Factors in Soybean Meal for Atlantic Salmon(Salmo Salar)[J].Aquaculture,2005,246(1/4):331-345.
[17]宋文新,邵庆均.发酵豆粕营养特性的研究进展[J].中国饲料,2009(23):22-26.
[18]Ding Z L,Zhang Y X,Ye J Y,et al.An Evaluation of Replacing Fish Meal with Fermented Soybean Meal in the Diet of Macrobrachium Nipponense:Growth,Nonspecific Immunity,and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,44(1):295-301.
[19]赵丽梅,王喜波,张海涛,等.金鲳鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].中国饲料,2011(11):20-22.
[20]程成荣,刘永坚.杂交罗非鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].广东饲料,2004,13(2):26-27.
[21]冷向军,王冠,李小勤,等.饲料中添加晶体或包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和血清游离氨基酸水平的影响[J].水产学报,2007,31(6):744-748.
[22]Biswas A K,Kaku H,Ji S C,et al.Use of Soybean Meal and Phytase for Partial Replacement of Fish Meal in the Diet of Red Sea Bream,Pagrus major[J].Aquaculture,2007,267:284-291.
[23]Sajjadi M,Carter C G.Effect of Phytic Acid and Phytase on Feed Intake,Growth,Digestibility and Tryps in Activity in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2004,10:135-142.
[24]陈新宇,潘庆,毕英佐,等.植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾生长性能及体成分的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(6):14-18.
[25]刘兴旺,艾庆辉,麦康森,等.大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食生长及体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(1):91-98.
[26]Luo Z,Liu Y J,Mai K S,et al.Partial Replacement of Fish Meal by Soybean Protein in Diets for Grouper Epinephelus Coioides Juveniles[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(2):175-181.
[27]王冠,冷向军,李小勤,等.饲料中添加包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和体成分的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(3):366-369.
[28]张璐,麦康森,艾庆辉,等.饲料中添加植酸酶和非淀粉多糖酶对大黄鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(6):923-928.
[29]张加润.斑节对虾饲料鱼粉替代研究及商品饲料环境安全性评价[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
[30]姬红臣.饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长、生化成分及养殖水质的影响[D].厦门:厦门大学,2005.
[31]聂月美,邵庆均.氨氮对虾的免疫影响及其预防措施[J].中国饲料,2006(10):28-31.
[32]葛立安,高明辉,徐海涛.亚硝酸盐对异育银鲫免疫功能的影响[J].饲料工业,2008,29(10):27-29.
[33]杨雨虹,刘行彪,黄可,等.植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(12):2149-2156.
[34]舒秋艳.耐温植酸酶对青鱼生长、消化酶活性及养殖水体氮磷含量的影响[D].武汉:武汉工业院,2010.
[2]王立改,曾文繁,楼宝,等.发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对黄姑鱼幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及肝脏中类胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018(3):989-998.52
[3]刘韬,华雪铭,黄旭雄,等.发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫相关酶及免疫相关基因表达的影响[J].水产学报,2018,42(9):1417-1427.
[4]冯建,王萍,何娇娇,等,发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肝脏组织形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016(11):3493-3502.
[5]Villamar D F,Landon C J.Delivery of Dietary Components of Larval Shrimp(Penaeus vannamei)by means of Complex Micro Capsules[J].Marine Biology,1993,115:635-642.
[6]Wang Y,Kong L J,Li C,et al.Effect of Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal on Growth,Feed Utilization and Carcass Composition of Cuneate Drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(4):1307-1313.
[7]Lim S J,Kim S S,Ko G Y,et al.Fish Meal Replacement by Soybean Meal in Diets for Tiger Puffer,Takifugu Rubripes[J].Aquaculture,2011,313(1/4):165-170.
[8]Lin S M,Luo L.Effects of Different Levels of Soybean Meal Inclusion in Replacement for Fish Meal on Growth,Digestive Enzymes and Transaminase Activities in Practical Diets for Juvenile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2011,168(1/2):80-87.
[9]张铁鹰,周良娟.植酸酶在畜禽日粮中应用研究进展[J].中国饲料,2005(4):25-28.
[10]Cheng Z J,Hardy R W,Viviane V,et al.Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation and Dosage on Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Nutrients and Dry Matter in Soybean ProductBased Diets for Rainbow Trout Oncorhychus mykiss[J].Journal of the World Aquaculture Society,2010,35(1):1-15.
[11]Dalsggard J,Ekmann K S,Pedersen P B,et al.Effect of Supplemented Fungal Phytase on Performance and Phosphorus Availability by Phosphorus-depleted Juvenile Rainbow Trout(Oncorhychus mykiss),and on the Magnitude and Composition of Phosphorus Waste Output[J].Aquaculture,2009,286(1):105-112.
[12]Kumar V,Sinha A K,Makkar H P S,et al.Phytate and Phytase in Fish Nutrition[J].Journal of Animal physiology&Animal nutrition,2012,96(3):335.
[13]牛凤池,黄燕华,曹俊明,等.5种添加剂对黄颡鱼生长性能、体成分及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(7):2176-2183.
[14]Alam M S,Teshima S,Ishikawa M,et al.Effects of Supplementation of Coated Crystalline Amino Acids on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Juvenile Kuruma Shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2004,10:309-316.
[15]孟祥科,孙阳,屈菲,等.植酸酶对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼生长、消化酶及消化率的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,28(4):323-328.
[16]Refstie S,Sahlstrom S,Bratthen E,et al.Lactic Acid Fermentation Eliminates Indigestible Carbohydratesand Antinutritional Factors in Soybean Meal for Atlantic Salmon(Salmo Salar)[J].Aquaculture,2005,246(1/4):331-345.
[17]宋文新,邵庆均.发酵豆粕营养特性的研究进展[J].中国饲料,2009(23):22-26.
[18]Ding Z L,Zhang Y X,Ye J Y,et al.An Evaluation of Replacing Fish Meal with Fermented Soybean Meal in the Diet of Macrobrachium Nipponense:Growth,Nonspecific Immunity,and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2015,44(1):295-301.
[19]赵丽梅,王喜波,张海涛,等.金鲳鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].中国饲料,2011(11):20-22.
[20]程成荣,刘永坚.杂交罗非鱼饲料中发酵豆粕替代鱼粉的研究[J].广东饲料,2004,13(2):26-27.
[21]冷向军,王冠,李小勤,等.饲料中添加晶体或包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和血清游离氨基酸水平的影响[J].水产学报,2007,31(6):744-748.
[22]Biswas A K,Kaku H,Ji S C,et al.Use of Soybean Meal and Phytase for Partial Replacement of Fish Meal in the Diet of Red Sea Bream,Pagrus major[J].Aquaculture,2007,267:284-291.
[23]Sajjadi M,Carter C G.Effect of Phytic Acid and Phytase on Feed Intake,Growth,Digestibility and Tryps in Activity in Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2004,10:135-142.
[24]陈新宇,潘庆,毕英佐,等.植酸酶对凡纳滨对虾生长性能及体成分的影响[J].湛江海洋大学学报,2005,25(6):14-18.
[25]刘兴旺,艾庆辉,麦康森,等.大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食生长及体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(1):91-98.
[26]Luo Z,Liu Y J,Mai K S,et al.Partial Replacement of Fish Meal by Soybean Protein in Diets for Grouper Epinephelus Coioides Juveniles[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(2):175-181.
[27]王冠,冷向军,李小勤,等.饲料中添加包膜氨基酸对异育银鲫生长和体成分的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,2006,15(3):366-369.
[28]张璐,麦康森,艾庆辉,等.饲料中添加植酸酶和非淀粉多糖酶对大黄鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报,2006,36(6):923-928.
[29]张加润.斑节对虾饲料鱼粉替代研究及商品饲料环境安全性评价[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2013.
[30]姬红臣.饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长、生化成分及养殖水质的影响[D].厦门:厦门大学,2005.
[31]聂月美,邵庆均.氨氮对虾的免疫影响及其预防措施[J].中国饲料,2006(10):28-31.
[32]葛立安,高明辉,徐海涛.亚硝酸盐对异育银鲫免疫功能的影响[J].饲料工业,2008,29(10):27-29.
[33]杨雨虹,刘行彪,黄可,等.植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(12):2149-2156.
[34]舒秋艳.耐温植酸酶对青鱼生长、消化酶活性及养殖水体氮磷含量的影响[D].武汉:武汉工业院,2010.