知识获取视角下用户持续参与众包创新的动态控制策略
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摘要
众包创新作为企业充分利用外部群体智慧以实现创新的新型开放式创新模式,其本质是企业突破组织界限,获取与整合外部网络知识以提升创新绩效。由于创新任务复杂多样、用户参与自由自愿等特征,导致在众包创新实践中用户持续参与意愿不足、创新效果不好等现象。为此,基于关系营销和知识共享相关理论,界定面向众包创新的知识承诺概念,认为知识获取视角下用户持续参与众包创新的本质是众包参与双方的知识承诺建立,进而分析众包创新中知识承诺的关键影响因素,构建用户持续参与众包创新的动态优化决策模型,通过求解和算例分析探讨最优决策结果,给出引导用户持续参与众包创新的最优控制准则。
As a new open innovation model,crowdsourcing innovation is used to make full use of external crowd wisdoms to realize innovation performance.Its essence is to breakthrough organizational boundaries,acquire and integrate external network knowledge so as to improve innovation performance.Due to the complexity and diversity of innovative tasks and users' free and voluntary participation,it shows the crowdsourcing innovation in practice with poor innovation performance and low willingness of users' sustained participation.Therefore,based on the theory of relation marketing and knowledge sharing,this paper defines the concept of knowledge commitment in crowdsourcing innovation process,and proposes that the essence of users' sustained participation in crowdsourcing innovation is the establishment of knowledge commitment.Then the key effect factors of knowledge commitment are analyzed,and the dynamic optimal decision model of users' sustained participation is established.At last,the optimal decision results via the dynamic optimization techniques are discussed and the analysis of examples is showed.The optimal control criterions proposed in the paper provide guidance for enterprises to motivate users' sustained participation in crowdsourcing innovation.
As a new open innovation model,crowdsourcing innovation is used to make full use of external crowd wisdoms to realize innovation performance.Its essence is to breakthrough organizational boundaries,acquire and integrate external network knowledge so as to improve innovation performance.Due to the complexity and diversity of innovative tasks and users' free and voluntary participation,it shows the crowdsourcing innovation in practice with poor innovation performance and low willingness of users' sustained participation.Therefore,based on the theory of relation marketing and knowledge sharing,this paper defines the concept of knowledge commitment in crowdsourcing innovation process,and proposes that the essence of users' sustained participation in crowdsourcing innovation is the establishment of knowledge commitment.Then the key effect factors of knowledge commitment are analyzed,and the dynamic optimal decision model of users' sustained participation is established.At last,the optimal decision results via the dynamic optimization techniques are discussed and the analysis of examples is showed.The optimal control criterions proposed in the paper provide guidance for enterprises to motivate users' sustained participation in crowdsourcing innovation.
引文
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[26]Fatima A,Imran R,Shahab H,et al.Knowledge sharing among Pakistani IT professionals:Examining the role of procedural justice,pay satisfaction and organizational commitment[J].Advanced Science Letters,2015,21(5):1189-1192.
[27]He W,Wei K K.What drives continued knowledge sharing?An investigation of knowledge-contribution andseeking beliefs[J].Decision Support Systems,2009,46(4):826-838.
[28]商宪丽,王学东.学术博客用户持续知识共享行为分析:氛围感、交互感和价值感的影响[J].情报科学,2016,34(7):125-130.
[29]Abu Saleh M,Yunus Ali M,Saad Andaleeb S.Explaining industrial importers'commitment from an emerging market perspective:Theoretical and managerial insights[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2014,29(1):45-62.
[30]Chang W J,Liao S H,Lee Y J,et al.Organizational commitment,knowledge sharing and organizational citizenship behaviour:The case of the Taiwanese semiconductor industry[J].Knowledge Management Research&Practice,2015,13(3):299-310.
[31]Yen Y R.An empirical analysis of relationship commitment and trust in virtual programmer community[J].International Journal of Computers,2009,3(1):171-180.
[32]Cheng J H,Fu Y C.Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing through the relationship and institutional orientations in supply chains[J].International Journal of Information Management,2013,33(3):473-484.
[33]Rindell A,Mysen T,Svensson G,et al.A validation of inputs and outputs of satisfaction in business-to-business relationships through a Nordic comparison[J].International Journal of Procurement Management,2013,6(4):424-443.
[34]Huang M C,Hsiung H H,Lu T C.Reexamining the relationship between control mechanisms and international joint venture performance:The mediating roles of perceived value gap and information asymmetry[J].Asia Pacific Management Review,2015,20(1):32-43.
[35]Rokkan A I,Heide J B,Wathne K H.Specific investments in marketing relationships:Expropriation and bon.[J].Journal of Marketing Research,2003,40(2):210-224.
[36]Vázquez R,Iglesias V,Rodríguez Del Bosque I.The efficacy of alternative mechanisms in safeguarding specific investments from opportunism[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2007,22(7):498-507.
[37]Burkley E,Anderson D,Curtis J,et al.Vicissitudes of goal commitment:Satisfaction,investments,and alternatives[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2013,54(5):663-668.
[38]Andaleeb S S.An experimental investigation of satisfaction and commitment in marketing channels:The role of trust and dependence[J].Journal of Retailing,1996,72(1):77-93.
[39]Karjaluoto H,Jayawardhena C,Pihlstr m M,et al.Effects of service quality,trust,and perceived value on customer loyalty:The case of mobile subscribers[C].Proceedings of the 2009 Academy of Marketing Science(AMS)Annual Conference.Springer International Publishing,2015:179-179.
[40]Feller J,Finnegan P,Hayes J,et al.‘Orchestrating'sustainable crowdsourcing:A characterisation of solver brokerages[J].The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,2012,21(3):216-232.
[41]Benner P,Saak J.Numerical solution of large and sparse continuous time algebraic matrix Riccati and Lyapunov equations:A state of the art survey[J].GAMM‐Mitteilungen,2013,36(1):32-52.
[2]Lang M,Bharadwaj N,Benedetto C A D.How crowdsourcing improves prediction ofmarket-oriented outcomes[J].Journal of Business Research,2016,69(10):4168-4176.
[3]Abernethy J,Frongillo R M.A collaborative mechanism for crowdsourcing prediction problems[J].Computer Science,2011:2600-2608.
[4]李晓华,张亚豪.个体如何参与企业的价值创造——众包理论与实践研究评述[J].经济管理,2013,35(11):48-58.
[5]Boudreau K J,Lakhani K R.Using the crowd as an innovation partner[J].Harvard Business Review,2013,(April):62-69.
[6]Bayus B L.Crowdsourcing new product ideas over time:An analysis of the Dell Idea Storm community[J].Management Science,2013,59(1):226-244.
[7]Yang J,Adamic L A,Ackerman M S.Crowdsourcing and knowledge sharing:Strategic user behavior on taskcn[C].ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce.2008:246-255.
[8]Aris H.Sustainable solvers participation in non-profit mobile crowdsourcing initiatives:A review of successful applications[C].IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development.IEEE,2015:659-664.
[9]Soliman W,Tuunainen V K.Understanding continued use of crowdsourcing systems:An interpretive study[J].Journal of Theoretical&Applied Electronic Commerce Research,2015,10(10):1-18.
[10]Jackson C B,Osterlund C,Mugar G,et al.Motivations for sustained participation in crowdsourcing:Case studies of citizen science on the role of talk[C].Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.IEEE Computer Society,2015:1624-1634.
[11]仲秋雁,王彦杰,裘江南.众包社区用户持续参与行为实证研究[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2011,32(1):1-6.
[12]卢新元,龙德志,陈勇.基于忠诚度的众包模式下用户参与意愿影响因素分析[J].管理学报,2016,13(7):1038-1044.
[13]Sun Y,Fang Y,Kai H L.Understanding sustained participation in transactional virtual communities[J].Decision Support Systems,2012,53(1):12-22.
[14]Papadopoulou C A,Giaoutzi M.Crowdsourcing as a tool for knowledge acquisition in spatial planning[J].Future Internet,2014,6(1):109-125.
[15]Heo M,Toomey N.Motivating continued knowledge sharing in crowdsourcing:The impact of different types of visual feedback[J].Online Information Review,2015,39(6):795-811.
[16]孟庆良,郭鑫鑫.基于BP神经网络的众包创新关键用户知识源识别研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(3):139-148.
[17]Fruchter G E,SiguéS P.Managing relational exchanges[J].Journal of Service Research,2004,7(2):142-154.
[18]Casimir G,Lee K,Loon M.Knowledge sharing:Influences of trust,commitment and cost[J].Journal of Knowledge Management,2012,16(5):740-753.
[19]Bock G W,Zmud R W,Kim Y G,et al.Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing:Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators,social-psychological forces,and organizational climate[J].MIS quarterly,2005:87-111.
[20]Chao-Min C,Wang E T G,Shih F J,et al.Understanding knowledge sharing in virtual communities[J].Online Information Review,2011,35(1):134.
[21]Hashim K F,Tan F B.The mediating role of trust and commitment on members'continuous knowledge sharing intention:A commitment-trust theory perspective[J].International Journal of Information Management the Journal for Information Professionals,2015,35(2):145-151.
[22]Zhang Y,Fang Y,Wei K K,et al.Exploring the role of psychological safety in promoting the intention to continue sharing knowledge in virtual communities[J].International Journal of Information Management,2010,30(5):425-436.
[23]Fang Y H,Chiu C M.In justice we trust:Exploring knowledge-sharing continuance intentions in virtual communities of practice[J].Computers in Human Behavior,2010,26(2):235-246.
[24]Jain K K,Sandhu M S,Goh S K.Organizational climate,trust and knowledge sharing:Insights from Malaysia[J].Journal of Asia Business Studies,2015,9(1):54-77.
[25]Wei C,Bai Y,Cheng P.Knowledge trading in supply chain partnerships:The role of trust and relationship commitment[J].International Journal of u-and e-Service,Science and Technology,2016,9(6):295-310.
[26]Fatima A,Imran R,Shahab H,et al.Knowledge sharing among Pakistani IT professionals:Examining the role of procedural justice,pay satisfaction and organizational commitment[J].Advanced Science Letters,2015,21(5):1189-1192.
[27]He W,Wei K K.What drives continued knowledge sharing?An investigation of knowledge-contribution andseeking beliefs[J].Decision Support Systems,2009,46(4):826-838.
[28]商宪丽,王学东.学术博客用户持续知识共享行为分析:氛围感、交互感和价值感的影响[J].情报科学,2016,34(7):125-130.
[29]Abu Saleh M,Yunus Ali M,Saad Andaleeb S.Explaining industrial importers'commitment from an emerging market perspective:Theoretical and managerial insights[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2014,29(1):45-62.
[30]Chang W J,Liao S H,Lee Y J,et al.Organizational commitment,knowledge sharing and organizational citizenship behaviour:The case of the Taiwanese semiconductor industry[J].Knowledge Management Research&Practice,2015,13(3):299-310.
[31]Yen Y R.An empirical analysis of relationship commitment and trust in virtual programmer community[J].International Journal of Computers,2009,3(1):171-180.
[32]Cheng J H,Fu Y C.Inter-organizational relationships and knowledge sharing through the relationship and institutional orientations in supply chains[J].International Journal of Information Management,2013,33(3):473-484.
[33]Rindell A,Mysen T,Svensson G,et al.A validation of inputs and outputs of satisfaction in business-to-business relationships through a Nordic comparison[J].International Journal of Procurement Management,2013,6(4):424-443.
[34]Huang M C,Hsiung H H,Lu T C.Reexamining the relationship between control mechanisms and international joint venture performance:The mediating roles of perceived value gap and information asymmetry[J].Asia Pacific Management Review,2015,20(1):32-43.
[35]Rokkan A I,Heide J B,Wathne K H.Specific investments in marketing relationships:Expropriation and bon.[J].Journal of Marketing Research,2003,40(2):210-224.
[36]Vázquez R,Iglesias V,Rodríguez Del Bosque I.The efficacy of alternative mechanisms in safeguarding specific investments from opportunism[J].Journal of Business&Industrial Marketing,2007,22(7):498-507.
[37]Burkley E,Anderson D,Curtis J,et al.Vicissitudes of goal commitment:Satisfaction,investments,and alternatives[J].Personality&Individual Differences,2013,54(5):663-668.
[38]Andaleeb S S.An experimental investigation of satisfaction and commitment in marketing channels:The role of trust and dependence[J].Journal of Retailing,1996,72(1):77-93.
[39]Karjaluoto H,Jayawardhena C,Pihlstr m M,et al.Effects of service quality,trust,and perceived value on customer loyalty:The case of mobile subscribers[C].Proceedings of the 2009 Academy of Marketing Science(AMS)Annual Conference.Springer International Publishing,2015:179-179.
[40]Feller J,Finnegan P,Hayes J,et al.‘Orchestrating'sustainable crowdsourcing:A characterisation of solver brokerages[J].The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,2012,21(3):216-232.
[41]Benner P,Saak J.Numerical solution of large and sparse continuous time algebraic matrix Riccati and Lyapunov equations:A state of the art survey[J].GAMM‐Mitteilungen,2013,36(1):32-52.