金针菇菌糠微贮营养价值评价及瘤胃有效降解率研究
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摘要
本试验通过研究微贮金针菇菌糠的营养价值,寻找规模化利用金针菇菌糠资源的新方法。在金针菇菌糠中添加青贮添加剂进行发酵处理,分别检测原样及微贮45、60 d金针菇菌糠中的粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、粗纤维及有机物含量;并利用3头永久性瘤胃瘘管水牛检测不同微贮时间下金针菇菌糠各营养物质瘤胃有效降解率。结果表明:1)微贮45 d后金针菇菌糠的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维及有机物含量分别为10.47%、3.10%、26.99%、90.21%,微贮60 d后金针菇菌糠的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维及有机物含量分别为11.04%、3.24%、27.49%、89.53%;微贮后金针菇菌糠的粗蛋白质含量显著低于金针菇菌糠原样(P<0.05),微贮后金针菇菌糠的粗脂肪、粗纤维及有机物含量均显著高于金针菇菌糠原样(P<0.05)。2)微贮45 d后金针菇菌糠干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪瘤胃有效降解率均显著高于金针菇菌糠原样(P<0.05),微贮60 d后金针菇菌糠粗蛋白质瘤胃有效降解率显著高于金针菇菌糠原样(P<0.05)。本研究表明,金针菇菌糠通过微贮能够提高营养物质的含量,微贮45 d可以提高其营养物质瘤胃有效降解率;综合各项指标,微贮可以作为一种金针菇菌糠保存与利用的新方法,为闲置金针菇菌糠转化为反刍动物饲料提供了理论依据。
The present study was aimed to illuminate the nutritional value of the micro-storage mushroom bran,and further to explore a new way for improving its utilization. Silage additives were added to ferment mushroom bran for different days( 45 and 60 days),and then the ether extract,crude protein,crude fiber and organic matter contents in the original and micro-storage mushroom bran were detected. Three buffalo with permanent rumen fistulas were used to detect the effective degradation rate of various nutrients in the rumen at different time. The results showed as follows: 1) the contents of crude protein,ether extract,crude fiber and organic matter in micro-storage mushroom bran for 45 and 60 days were 10.47% and 11.04%,3.10% and 3.24%,26.99% and 27.49%,90.21% and 89.53%,respectively. The crude protein content in micro-storage mushroom bran was significantly lower than that in the original mushroom bran( P<0.05),and the contents of ether extract,crude fiber and organic matter were significantly greater compared with the original mushroom bran( P<0.05). 2) The effective degradation rate of dry matter,crude protein and ether extract in micro-storage mushroom bran for 45 days was significantly higher than that in the original mushroom bran( P<0.05),and the effective degradation rate of crude protein in micro-storage mushroom bran for 60 days was significantly higher than that in the original mushroom bran( P<0.05). The micro-storage treatment of mushroom bran can increase the nutrient contents. Micro-storage mushroom bran for 45 days can improve the effective degradation rate of nutrients,and comprehensively use various indicators,micro-storage can be used as a new method for preservation and utilization of mushroom bran. It provides a theoretical basis for the conversion of idle mushroom bran to ruminant feed.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2350-2356]
The present study was aimed to illuminate the nutritional value of the micro-storage mushroom bran,and further to explore a new way for improving its utilization. Silage additives were added to ferment mushroom bran for different days( 45 and 60 days),and then the ether extract,crude protein,crude fiber and organic matter contents in the original and micro-storage mushroom bran were detected. Three buffalo with permanent rumen fistulas were used to detect the effective degradation rate of various nutrients in the rumen at different time. The results showed as follows: 1) the contents of crude protein,ether extract,crude fiber and organic matter in micro-storage mushroom bran for 45 and 60 days were 10.47% and 11.04%,3.10% and 3.24%,26.99% and 27.49%,90.21% and 89.53%,respectively. The crude protein content in micro-storage mushroom bran was significantly lower than that in the original mushroom bran( P<0.05),and the contents of ether extract,crude fiber and organic matter were significantly greater compared with the original mushroom bran( P<0.05). 2) The effective degradation rate of dry matter,crude protein and ether extract in micro-storage mushroom bran for 45 days was significantly higher than that in the original mushroom bran( P<0.05),and the effective degradation rate of crude protein in micro-storage mushroom bran for 60 days was significantly higher than that in the original mushroom bran( P<0.05). The micro-storage treatment of mushroom bran can increase the nutrient contents. Micro-storage mushroom bran for 45 days can improve the effective degradation rate of nutrients,and comprehensively use various indicators,micro-storage can be used as a new method for preservation and utilization of mushroom bran. It provides a theoretical basis for the conversion of idle mushroom bran to ruminant feed.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2350-2356]
引文
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[2]崔嘉,郭佳伟,忻龙祚,等.金针菇菌糠饲用价值评价[J].饲料研究,2017(9):37-41.
[3] FINNEY K N,RYU C,SHARIFI V N,et al.The reuse of spent mushroom compost and coal tailings for energy recovery:comparison of thermal treatment technologies[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(1):310-315.
[4] BOSSO L,CRISTINZIO G. A comprehensive overview of bacteria and fungi used for pentachlorophenol biodegradation[J]. Review s in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2014,13(4):387-427.
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[6]马寿福,军花,刁治民,等.食用菌菌糠营养价值及利用途径的研究[J].青海草业,2006,15(3):36-40.
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[10]姜殿文,宫志远,盛清凯.金针菇菌渣日粮对肉牛生产性能的影响[J].中国草食动物,2011,31(5):32-34.
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[12]邓廷贤,庞春英,王建,等.水牛分子生物学技术研究新进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(4):79-84.
[13]马振华.水牛瘤胃对不同粗饲料木质素降解率的研究[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[14]农业部畜牧兽医司.青贮饲料质量评定标准(试行)[J].中国饲料,1996(21):5-7.
[15]孔祥德.秸秆青贮原理及制作技术[J].现代农业科技,2012(7):323-324.
[16]潘军.菌糠营养价值评定及其在肉牛日粮中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2010.
[17]郭万正,魏金涛,赵娜,等.发酵金针菇菌糠对波尔山羊生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(23):33-36.
[18]陈前岭,朱霞云,倪俊芬.金针菇菌糠在湖羊养殖中的应用研究[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(11):14,52.
[19]乌兰,马伟杰,义如格勒图,等.油菜秸秆饲用价值分析及其开发利用[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):421-422.
[20]吴端钦,唐守伟,王延周,等.菌糠饲料化开发及其在动物生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(24):75-78,83.
[21] KIM M K,LEE H G,PARK J A,et al. Recycling of fermented saw dust-based oyster mushroom spent substrate as a feed supplement for postw eaning calves[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(4):493-499.
[2]崔嘉,郭佳伟,忻龙祚,等.金针菇菌糠饲用价值评价[J].饲料研究,2017(9):37-41.
[3] FINNEY K N,RYU C,SHARIFI V N,et al.The reuse of spent mushroom compost and coal tailings for energy recovery:comparison of thermal treatment technologies[J]. Bioresource Technology,2009,100(1):310-315.
[4] BOSSO L,CRISTINZIO G. A comprehensive overview of bacteria and fungi used for pentachlorophenol biodegradation[J]. Review s in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology,2014,13(4):387-427.
[5]王艳荣,王鸿升,张海棠.菌糠饲料的加工调制方法及使用技术研究[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(13):2699-2701.
[6]马寿福,军花,刁治民,等.食用菌菌糠营养价值及利用途径的研究[J].青海草业,2006,15(3):36-40.
[7]崔嘉,郭佳伟,忻龙祚,等.金针菇菌糠对獭兔的饲用价值评价[J].中国养兔,2017(2):8-13.
[8]郭万正,赵娜,魏金涛,等.金针菇菌糠配制波尔山羊羔羊全混合颗粒日粮研究[J].中国饲料,2017(3):37-40.
[9]黄增利.平菇菌糠在肉牛育肥中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(14):4203.
[10]姜殿文,宫志远,盛清凯.金针菇菌渣日粮对肉牛生产性能的影响[J].中国草食动物,2011,31(5):32-34.
[11]杨炳壮,梁贤威,曾庆坤,等.我国奶水牛业的发展思路[J].中国牧业通讯,2005(15):16-17.
[12]邓廷贤,庞春英,王建,等.水牛分子生物学技术研究新进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2014,41(4):79-84.
[13]马振华.水牛瘤胃对不同粗饲料木质素降解率的研究[D].硕士学位论文.武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[14]农业部畜牧兽医司.青贮饲料质量评定标准(试行)[J].中国饲料,1996(21):5-7.
[15]孔祥德.秸秆青贮原理及制作技术[J].现代农业科技,2012(7):323-324.
[16]潘军.菌糠营养价值评定及其在肉牛日粮中的应用研究[D].硕士学位论文.郑州:河南农业大学,2010.
[17]郭万正,魏金涛,赵娜,等.发酵金针菇菌糠对波尔山羊生长性能和血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2015(23):33-36.
[18]陈前岭,朱霞云,倪俊芬.金针菇菌糠在湖羊养殖中的应用研究[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(11):14,52.
[19]乌兰,马伟杰,义如格勒图,等.油菜秸秆饲用价值分析及其开发利用[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2010,31(6/7):421-422.
[20]吴端钦,唐守伟,王延周,等.菌糠饲料化开发及其在动物生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(24):75-78,83.
[21] KIM M K,LEE H G,PARK J A,et al. Recycling of fermented saw dust-based oyster mushroom spent substrate as a feed supplement for postw eaning calves[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2011,24(4):493-499.