基于HYDRUS-1D模拟的变水头入渗条件下VG模型参数敏感性分析
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摘要
采用单因素扰动分析法,分别对土壤水力参数残余含水量θr、饱和含水量θs、饱和导水率Ks、经验参数α和n进行扰动,选用HYDRUS-1D模型模拟南京市区2年一遇降雨条件下土壤水分入渗过程,分析变水头入渗条件下各土壤水力参数的敏感性,定量描述土壤水力参数变化对HYDRUS-1D输出变量土水势和累积入渗量的影响,简化后续模型率定工作,提高模型模拟精度。结果表明:在变水头入渗条件下,5个参数对土水势与累积入渗量敏感性排序均为n>Ks>θs>α>θr,其中α和n对于地表0～10 cm附近的土水势影响较大,Ks与θr,以及θs与α对土水势影响规律类似;±25%扰动情况下,θs、Ks与n三者对累积入渗量的影响均大于10%。因此,在进行变水头入渗条件下模拟计算中应保证Ks、θs、α和n参数的准确性。
The single-factor perturbation analysis method was used for the sensibility analysis of soil hydraulic parameters,including the residual water content θr,the saturated water content θs,the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks,the empirical parameters α and n. With the help of HYDRUS-1D model,the process of water infiltration in the soil was simulated for the two-year-once storm in Nanjing and the sensitivity of soil hydraulic parameter was evaluated for the varying-head infiltration,which can quantitatively describe the effects of soil hydraulic parameters on two output variables of HYDRUS-1D( soil water potential and cumulative infiltration),simplify the model calibration and improve the accuracy of model simulation. The results show that under the condition of varying-head infiltration,the parameter's influence degree on both soil water potential and cumulative infiltration are in this order: n>Ks>θs>α>θr. Empirical parameters α and n have a great influence on the soil water potential with a depth of 0 ～ 10 cm beneath the surface,and the influence are similar when changing parameters Ks,θror θsand α on the soil water potential. In the case of ±25% disturbance,the influence degree of θs,Ksand n on the cumulative infiltration are more than 10%. Therefore,the accuracy of Ks,θs,α and n should be ensured during the simulation of varying-head infiltration.
The single-factor perturbation analysis method was used for the sensibility analysis of soil hydraulic parameters,including the residual water content θr,the saturated water content θs,the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks,the empirical parameters α and n. With the help of HYDRUS-1D model,the process of water infiltration in the soil was simulated for the two-year-once storm in Nanjing and the sensitivity of soil hydraulic parameter was evaluated for the varying-head infiltration,which can quantitatively describe the effects of soil hydraulic parameters on two output variables of HYDRUS-1D( soil water potential and cumulative infiltration),simplify the model calibration and improve the accuracy of model simulation. The results show that under the condition of varying-head infiltration,the parameter's influence degree on both soil water potential and cumulative infiltration are in this order: n>Ks>θs>α>θr. Empirical parameters α and n have a great influence on the soil water potential with a depth of 0 ～ 10 cm beneath the surface,and the influence are similar when changing parameters Ks,θror θsand α on the soil water potential. In the case of ±25% disturbance,the influence degree of θs,Ksand n on the cumulative infiltration are more than 10%. Therefore,the accuracy of Ks,θs,α and n should be ensured during the simulation of varying-head infiltration.
引文
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[22]王金生,杨志峰,陈家军,等.包气带土壤水分滞留特征研究[J].水利学报,2000,31(2):1-6.(WANG Jinsheng,YANG Zhifeng,CHEN Jiajun,et al. Study on water hysteresis in aerated soil[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(2):1-6.(in Chinese))
[23]邵明安,王全九,HORTON R,等.推求土壤水分运动参数的简单入渗法Ⅰ:理论分析[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):1-8.(SHAO Mingan,WANG Quanjiu,HORTON R,et al. A simple infiltration method for estimating soil hydraulic properties of unsaturated soilsⅠ:theoretical analysis[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[2]YAN Renhua,HUANG Jiacong,LI Lingling,et al. Hydrology and phosphorus transport simulation in a lowland polder by a coupled modeling system[J]. Environmental Pollution,2017,227:613.
[3]KROES J G,WESSELING J G,DAM J C V.Intergrated modeling of the soil-water-atmosphere-plant system using the model SWAP2. 0 an overview of theory and an application[J].Hydrological Processes,2000,14(11/12):1993-2002.
[4] SHAMIR E,GEORGAKAKOS K P. Distributed snow accumulation and ablation modeling in the American river basin[J].Advances in Water Resources,2006,29(4):558-570.
[5]汤英,徐利岗,张红玲,等.HYDRUS-1D/2D在土壤水分入渗过程模拟中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(36):22390-22393.(TANG Ying,XU Ligang,ZHANG Hongling,et al. Application of HYDRUS-1D/2D in process of soil water infiltration simulation[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(36):22390-22393.(in Chinese))
[6]王志涛,缴锡云,韩红亮,等.土壤垂直一维入渗对VG模型参数的敏感性分析[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(1):80-84.(WANG Zhitao,JIAO Xiyun,HAN Hongliang,et al.Sensitivity analysis of VG model parameters with vertical onedimensional soil infiltration[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2013,41(1):80-84.(in Chinese))
[7]范严伟,赵文举,毕贵权,等.Van Genuchten模型参数变化对土壤入渗特性的影响分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(3):52-56.(FAN Yanwei,ZHAO Wenju,BI Guiquan,et al.The influence analysis of parameters variations in Van Genuchten model on the soil infiltration characteristics[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2016(3):52-56.(in Chinese))
[8]刘钢,高志鹏,屈吉鸿,等.河流影响下包气带水力参数对压力水头及溶质运移的影响[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2017,38(2):72-76.(LIU Gang,GAO Zhipeng,QU Jihong,et al.Effects of hydraulic parameters in the unsaturated zones on pressure head and solute transport under the influence of river[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition),2017,38(2):72-76.(in Chinese))
[9]霍思远,靳孟贵.Van Genuchten模型参数对降水入渗数值模拟的敏感性[J].地球科学,2017,42(3):447-452,470.(HUO Siyuan,JIN Menggui.Effect of parameter sensitivity of Van Genuchten model on numerical simulation of rainfall recharge[J].Earth Science,2017,42(3):447-452,470.(in Chinese))
[10]MCFARLAND J M. Variance decomposition for statistical quantities of interest[J]. Aiaa Journal,2015,12(1):204-218.
[11]SIMUNEK J. The HYDRUS-1D software package for simulating the movement of water,heat,and multiple solutes in variably saturated media[M]. California:University of California Riverside,2013.
[12]GENUCHTEN M T. A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(5):892-898.
[13]北京世纪千府国际工程设计有限公司江苏分公司.南京市暴雨强度公式(修订)查算表[R].南京:南京市城市管理局,2014.
[14]陈芸芸.不同设计暴雨条件下南京主城区易涝点的空间分布研究[D].南京:河海大学,2017.
[15]KEIFER C J,CHU H H.Synthetic storm pattern for drainage design[J].Journal of the Hydraulics Division,1957,83:1-25.
[16]高惠嫣,杨路华.不同质地土壤的水分特征曲线参数分析[J].河北农业大学学报,2012,35(5):129-132.(GAO Huiyan,YANG Luhua. Analysis of parameters on soil water characteristic curves of different soil texture[J]. Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2012,35(5):129-132.(in Chinese))
[17]LU Xiaohui,JIN Menggui,Van Genuchten M T,et al.Groundwater recharge at five representative sites in the Hebei Plain,China[J].Ground Water,2011,49(2):286-294.
[18] DANE J H. Comparison of field and laboratory determined hydraulic conductivity values[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,1980,44(2):228-231.
[19]DANE J H,HRUSKA S.In-situ determination of soil hydraulic properties during drainage[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1983,47(47):619-624.
[20]朱安宁,张佳宝,陈德立,等.土壤饱和导水率的田间测定[J].土壤,2000,32(4):215-218.(ZHU Anning,ZHANG Jiabao,CHEN Deli,et al.Field determination of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity[J].Soils,2000,32(4):215-218.(in Chinese))
[21]BROOKS R. Properties of porous media affecting fluid flow[J].Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1964,92(2):61-88.
[22]王金生,杨志峰,陈家军,等.包气带土壤水分滞留特征研究[J].水利学报,2000,31(2):1-6.(WANG Jinsheng,YANG Zhifeng,CHEN Jiajun,et al. Study on water hysteresis in aerated soil[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,31(2):1-6.(in Chinese))
[23]邵明安,王全九,HORTON R,等.推求土壤水分运动参数的简单入渗法Ⅰ:理论分析[J].土壤学报,2000,37(1):1-8.(SHAO Mingan,WANG Quanjiu,HORTON R,et al. A simple infiltration method for estimating soil hydraulic properties of unsaturated soilsⅠ:theoretical analysis[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(1):1-8.(in Chinese))