肥料与密度对春大麦叶绿素荧光参数影响的正交回归分析
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摘要
为揭示施肥水平和种植密度对大麦光合作用的影响机制,以蒙啤麦5号为试验材料,运用正交回归试验设计,研究肥料和密度互作下春大麦叶绿素荧光参数的变化。结果表明,在一定范围内,增施氮、钾肥料、加大种植密度能够有效提高大麦的最大荧光(F_m),但超过这个范围,则导致F_m下降。增施氮、磷肥料、加大种植密度能够有效提高最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m),但超过这个范围,则导致F_v/F_m下降。增施氮、磷、钾肥料能够有效提高光化学淬灭系数(qP),但超过一定范围,则导致qP下降。肥料与密度因子互作效应分析表明,蒙啤麦5号抽穗期F_m的理论值最高,为935.089,相应栽培方案为施氮(N)108.37 kg·hm~(-2)、施磷(P_2O_5)122.11 kg·hm~(-2)、施钾(K_2O)78.43 kg·hm~(-2)、种植密度639.57万株·hm~(-2);F_v/F_m的理论最高值为0.79,相应栽培方案为施氮(N)103.77 kg·hm~(-2),施磷(P_2O_5)113.92 kg·hm~(-2),施钾(K_2O)70.00 kg·hm~(-2),种植密度560.65万株·hm~(-2);qP的理论最高值为0.708,相应栽培方案为施氮(N)103.38 kg·hm~(-2),施磷(P_2O_5)113.86 kg·hm~(-2),施钾(K_2O)70.00 kg·hm~(-2),种植密度563.04万株·hm~(-2)。本研究为内蒙古东部灌区春大麦生产实践提供了最优栽培技术方案。
The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of spring barley under the interaction of fertilizer and density was studied using Mengpimai 5 as materials by orthogonal regression experiment in order to reveal the mechanism of fertilization and planting density on the photosynthesis of barley. The results showed that increasing nitrogen, potassium fertilizer and planting density could increase the maximum fluorescence yield(F_m) of barley under a certain range, but it decreased due to more than a certain range. Increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and planting densities can effectively improve the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m), but the F_v/F_m decreases beyond a certain range. The addition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively improve the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP), but more than a certain range, the qP decreased. The effect of fertilizer and density factor interaction was analyzed.The results showed that in heading date of Mengpimai 5, Fm′s theoretical maximum is 935.089 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 108.37 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 122.11 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 78.43 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 6 395 700 plant· hm~(-2). Fm′s theoretical maximum is 935.089 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 108.37 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 122.11 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 78.43 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 6 395 700 plant· hm~(-2). The theoretical maximum of Fv/Fm is 0.79 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 103.77 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 113.92 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 70.00 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 5 606 500 plant· hm~(-2). The theoretical maximum of qP is 0.708 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 103.38 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 113.86 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 70.00 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 5 630 400 plant· hm~(-2). The results can provide the best cultivation technology for the production of spring barley in the eastern irrigation area of Inner Mongolia.
The change of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of spring barley under the interaction of fertilizer and density was studied using Mengpimai 5 as materials by orthogonal regression experiment in order to reveal the mechanism of fertilization and planting density on the photosynthesis of barley. The results showed that increasing nitrogen, potassium fertilizer and planting density could increase the maximum fluorescence yield(F_m) of barley under a certain range, but it decreased due to more than a certain range. Increasing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and planting densities can effectively improve the maximum photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m), but the F_v/F_m decreases beyond a certain range. The addition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can effectively improve the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP), but more than a certain range, the qP decreased. The effect of fertilizer and density factor interaction was analyzed.The results showed that in heading date of Mengpimai 5, Fm′s theoretical maximum is 935.089 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 108.37 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 122.11 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 78.43 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 6 395 700 plant· hm~(-2). Fm′s theoretical maximum is 935.089 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 108.37 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 122.11 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 78.43 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 6 395 700 plant· hm~(-2). The theoretical maximum of Fv/Fm is 0.79 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 103.77 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 113.92 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 70.00 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 5 606 500 plant· hm~(-2). The theoretical maximum of qP is 0.708 when the amount of fertilizer was nitrogen(N) 103.38 kg· hm~(-2), Phosphorus(P_2O_5) 113.86 kg· hm~(-2), potassium(K_2O) 70.00 kg· hm~(-2) and the planting density 5 630 400 plant· hm~(-2). The results can provide the best cultivation technology for the production of spring barley in the eastern irrigation area of Inner Mongolia.
引文
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[2] Funk J L, Cornwell W K. Leaf traits within communities:context may affect the mapping of traits to function [J]. Ecology, 2013,94(9):1893-1897
[3] Wu C W, Ke T S, Chang Y J, Chang Y S. Chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf-air temperature difference as potential shade-tolerance indexes of ornamental plants[J]. Journal of Computational & Theoretical Nanoscience, 2013,19(10): 3063-3066
[4] Brestic M, Zivcak M, Kalaji H M, Carpentier R, Allakhverdiev S Ⅰ. Photosystem Ⅱ thermostability in situ: environmentally induced acclimation and genotype-specifi c reactions in Triticum aestivum L[J]. Plant Physiol Biochem, 2012, 57(8): 93-105
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[6] Ahmed S,Nawata E,Hosokawa M,Domae Y,Sakuratani T.Alterations in photosynthesis and some antioxidant enzymatic activities of mung bean subjected to water logging[J].Plant Science,2002,163(1): 117-123
[7] 朱荣,李亚婷,虎芳芳,李昱,吴宏亮,康建宏.花后干旱对春小麦荧光动力学参数的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(10):139 -142
[8] 于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,武晋雯,张玉书.干旱胁迫对玉米叶片光响应及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(10):82-87
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[10] 薛惠云,张永江,刘连涛,孙红春,李存东.干旱胁迫与复水对棉花叶片光谱、光合和荧光参数的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2013,46(11):2386-2393
[11] 田又升,谢宗铭,张建新,董永梅,李有忠,于航,王志军,张成双.干旱复水对棉花 苗期抗氧化系统及光合荧光参数的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(6):201-214
[12] 蒙祖庆,宋丰萍,刘振兴,张方凯.干旱及复水对油菜苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2012,34(1):40-47
[13] 王艺陶,周宇飞,李丰先,王德权,陆樟镳,孙璐,许文,黄瑞冬.干旱胁迫对高粱叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(4):398-403
[14] 刘晓龙,徐晨,徐克章,崔菁菁,安久海,凌凤楼,张治安,武志海.盐胁迫对水稻叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].作物杂志,2014(2):88-92
[15] 孙璐,周宇飞,李丰先,肖木辑,陶冶,许文娟,黄瑞冬.盐胁迫对高粱幼苗光合作用和荧光特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(16):3265-3272
[16] 黄建,冯耀祖,刘易,王新勇,赵振勇,孙九胜.NaCl 胁迫对蓖麻功能叶光系统Ⅱ荧光特性的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(7):145-149
[17] 杨猛,魏玲,庄文锋,袁海洋,赵东旭,孙继,魏湜.低温胁迫对玉米幼苗电导率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].玉米科学,2012,20(1):90-94
[18] 武辉,周艳飞,侯丽丽,范志超,石俊毅,阿丽艳·肉孜,张巨松.低温弱光胁迫对棉花幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及能量分配的影响[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(3): 393-399
[19] 李平,李晓萍,陈贻竹,刘鸿先.低温光抑制胁迫对不同抗冷性的籼稻抽穗期剑叶叶绿素荧光的影响[J].中国水稻科学, 2000, 14(2):88-92
[18] Huggins D R, Pan W L. Wheat stubble management affects growth, survival, and yield of winter grain legumes[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1991, 55: 823-829
[21] 褚鹏飞,于振文,王东,张永丽,石玉.耕作方式对小麦开花后旗叶水势与叶绿素荧光参数日变化和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2012, 38(6): 1051-1061
[22] 刘岩,周勋波,陈雨海,齐林,高会军,董浩.种植方式和灌溉对冬小麦叶绿素荧光参数及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2011(1):38-40
[23] 李万峰,李兆君,梁永超,解晓瑜,魏学智,杨佳佳.覆膜对不同施肥条件下玉米拔节期光合参数与荧光参数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2009, 17(6): 1086-1089
[24] 谭雪莲,郭天文,张国宏,张绪成,王引权.氮素对小麦不同叶位叶片叶绿素荧光参数的调控效应[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29(3):437-441
[25] 余凯凯,宋喜娥,高虹,黄蕾,宋惠洁,刘 阳,李艳星,郭平毅,原向阳.不同施肥水平下多效唑对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):154-163
[26] 于显枫,郭天文,张仁陟,张绪成,马一凡,赵记军.水氮互作对春小麦叶片气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数的作用机制[J].西北农业学报,2008, 17(3):117-123
[27] 卢良恕. 中国大麦学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995
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