向日葵育种目标的探讨
|
摘要
为明确向日葵育种目标,对油用向日葵和食用向日葵进行了不同密度试验,进而根据不同品种的农艺性状、产量性状表现及特征特性,对当前向日葵育种方向进行探讨。结果表明:向日葵品种选育除了要求优质、高产,抗性好,植株紧凑,叶片小,田间通风透光性好,抗倒伏,耐密植且适宜机械化操作外,油用向日葵还要求籽实含油率高、油酸含量高,食用向日葵还要求籽粒商品性好且机械收获后籽粒不易脱皮、商品性保持不变。通过对向日葵育种目标的探讨,有助于向日葵品种的更新换代,更好地服务于向日葵生产,促进向日葵产业的发展。
The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for future sunflower breeding objectives.By planting oil and edible sunflower under different density conditions,the current breeding direction of sunflower was discussed according to the field agronomic traits,yield traits and characteristics of different varieties.Through density testing,it was concluded that sunflower variety breeding not only requires high quality,high yield and good resistance,but it also selects varieties with high quality,high yield,compact plants,small leaves,good ventilation and light transmittance in the field,lodging resistance,dense planting resistance and suitability for mechanized operation.Oil sunflower requires high oil content and high oleic acid content in seeds.Edible sunflower requires good commercial properties of the seeds but the edible sunflower seeds are not easy to peel after mechanical harvesting,and the commercial properties remain unchanged.The discussion on the future breeding objectives of sunflower is helpful for the renewal of sunflower varieties,so as to promote sunflower production and better serve the development of the sunflower industry.
The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for future sunflower breeding objectives.By planting oil and edible sunflower under different density conditions,the current breeding direction of sunflower was discussed according to the field agronomic traits,yield traits and characteristics of different varieties.Through density testing,it was concluded that sunflower variety breeding not only requires high quality,high yield and good resistance,but it also selects varieties with high quality,high yield,compact plants,small leaves,good ventilation and light transmittance in the field,lodging resistance,dense planting resistance and suitability for mechanized operation.Oil sunflower requires high oil content and high oleic acid content in seeds.Edible sunflower requires good commercial properties of the seeds but the edible sunflower seeds are not easy to peel after mechanical harvesting,and the commercial properties remain unchanged.The discussion on the future breeding objectives of sunflower is helpful for the renewal of sunflower varieties,so as to promote sunflower production and better serve the development of the sunflower industry.
引文
[1]范丽娟.黑龙江省向日葵育种成就及推广应用[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010(9):72-74.
[2]范丽娟.龙食杂系列食用向日葵杂交种选育及产业化前景[J].作物杂志,2009(6):98-100.
[3]郑爱军,李杰,宋海涛,等.天津市食用向日葵生产现状及产业化前景[J].天津农林科技,2002(3):36-38.
[4]郑洪源,王文浩,刘文俊,等.大粒食用葵晋葵7号新品种选育及产业化[J].陕西农业科学,2007(4):45-47.
[5]金梦阳,危文亮,严新初.我国向日葵育种研究现状及发展对策[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):232-236.
[6]杨海峰,段学艳,卫玲,等.向日葵市场需求及育种方向[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(6):1057-1060.
[7]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:21-68.
[8]安玉麟,孙瑞芬,冯万玉.我国向日葵品种改良进展及其与国外的差距[J].华北农学报,2006,21(专辑):1-4.
[9]刘亚贤.黑龙江省向日葵育种目标及种质资源类型[J].现代农业科技,2014(11):107-108.
[10]马晓峰,梁秀丽,王铁瑞.食用型向日葵品质育种[J].吉林农业科学,1995(4):45-47.
[11]曲文祥,姚占廷,谭丽萍,等.赤峰市食用向日葵新杂交种选育研究进展[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(3):85-86.
[2]范丽娟.龙食杂系列食用向日葵杂交种选育及产业化前景[J].作物杂志,2009(6):98-100.
[3]郑爱军,李杰,宋海涛,等.天津市食用向日葵生产现状及产业化前景[J].天津农林科技,2002(3):36-38.
[4]郑洪源,王文浩,刘文俊,等.大粒食用葵晋葵7号新品种选育及产业化[J].陕西农业科学,2007(4):45-47.
[5]金梦阳,危文亮,严新初.我国向日葵育种研究现状及发展对策[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(3):232-236.
[6]杨海峰,段学艳,卫玲,等.向日葵市场需求及育种方向[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(6):1057-1060.
[7]唐启义,冯明光.实用统计分析及DPS数据处理系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:21-68.
[8]安玉麟,孙瑞芬,冯万玉.我国向日葵品种改良进展及其与国外的差距[J].华北农学报,2006,21(专辑):1-4.
[9]刘亚贤.黑龙江省向日葵育种目标及种质资源类型[J].现代农业科技,2014(11):107-108.
[10]马晓峰,梁秀丽,王铁瑞.食用型向日葵品质育种[J].吉林农业科学,1995(4):45-47.
[11]曲文祥,姚占廷,谭丽萍,等.赤峰市食用向日葵新杂交种选育研究进展[J].内蒙古农业科技,2008(3):85-86.