皇甫川流域51年降雨侵蚀力的时空变化
|
摘要
为了详尽研究皇甫川流域降雨侵蚀力变化规律,基于皇甫川流域及周边15个雨量站1954—2004年日降雨资料估算降雨侵蚀力R值,并借助Mann-Kendall非参数检验法和Kriging空间插值法对流域R值时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明:1)皇甫川流域降雨侵蚀力R值与总降雨量和侵蚀性降雨量的时空变化特征大体一致,自西北向东南逐渐增大,同时R值等值线自西北向东南逐渐稀疏;2)R值年内分布十分集中,7、8月R值之和占到全年的72.4%,5—9月R值占到全年的96%以上;3)15个站点的R值变化趋势不同,9个站点R值呈增大趋势,其中仅2个站点增大趋势显著,而其余6个站点的R值呈减小趋势,其中也仅有2个站点减小趋势显著,对整个流域而言,51年间流域降雨侵蚀力R值与降雨量和侵蚀性降雨量变化一致,呈现不显著的减小趋势。
In order to elucidate the variation rule of rainfall erosivity( R) in Huangfuchuan Watershed,R value was estimated from 1954 to 2004 based on the daily rainfall data of 15 precipitation stations in Huangfuchuan Watershed,and the spatial and temporal variation of R was analyzed by Mann Kendall nonparametric tests and Kriging space interpolation method. The results are shown as follows. 1) The characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of R value were generally consistent with those of total rainfall and erosive rainfall; spatially,R value decreased and the contour lines of R value thinned from southeast to northwest. 2) From the temporal point of view,R value was concentrated from May to September,R value during this period accounted for more than 96% of the total annual R value;especially from July and August,R value amounted to 72. 4% of the total annual R value. 3) Annual R value at nine stations had an increasing trend,but only at two stations such trend was significant over 51 years,while it had a deceasing trend at the other six stations and also only at two stations this decreasing trend was significant over 51 years. For the whole Huangfuchuan Watershed,the change of R value was consistent with the variation of rainfall and erosive rainfall,and showed an insignificant trend of decreasing over 51 years.
In order to elucidate the variation rule of rainfall erosivity( R) in Huangfuchuan Watershed,R value was estimated from 1954 to 2004 based on the daily rainfall data of 15 precipitation stations in Huangfuchuan Watershed,and the spatial and temporal variation of R was analyzed by Mann Kendall nonparametric tests and Kriging space interpolation method. The results are shown as follows. 1) The characteristics of spatial and temporal variation of R value were generally consistent with those of total rainfall and erosive rainfall; spatially,R value decreased and the contour lines of R value thinned from southeast to northwest. 2) From the temporal point of view,R value was concentrated from May to September,R value during this period accounted for more than 96% of the total annual R value;especially from July and August,R value amounted to 72. 4% of the total annual R value. 3) Annual R value at nine stations had an increasing trend,but only at two stations such trend was significant over 51 years,while it had a deceasing trend at the other six stations and also only at two stations this decreasing trend was significant over 51 years. For the whole Huangfuchuan Watershed,the change of R value was consistent with the variation of rainfall and erosive rainfall,and showed an insignificant trend of decreasing over 51 years.
引文
[1]IPCC.Climate change 2007:impacts,adaptation,and vulnerability[M].Cambridge,UK and New York,USA:Cambridge University Press,2007:84
[2]IPCC.Climate change 2013:The Natural Science Basis[M].Cambridge,UK and New York,USA:Cambridge University Press,2014:105
[3]周佩华,王占礼.黄土高原土壤侵蚀暴雨的研究[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(3):1-5
[4]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall erosion losses:A guide to conservation planning[M].Washington,DC:USDA-ARS,1978:34-38
[5]Renard K G,Foster G R,Weesies G A,et al.Predicting soil Erosion By Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington,DC:USDA-AR,1997:25-31
[6]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40
[7]章文波.北方农牧交错带降雨侵蚀力的时空分布[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(6):651-654
[8]穆兴民,戴海伦,高鹏,等.陕北黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(3):37-43
[9]刘建祥,李智广,张晓萍,等.最近30年河龙区间降雨侵蚀力的时空演变特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(2):6-13
[10]王小军,蔡焕杰,张鑫,等.皇甫川流域水沙变化特点及其趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):222-226
[11]Richardson C W.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Trans ASAE,1983,26(1):153-157
[12]万龙,马芹,张建军,等.黄土高原降雨量空间插值精度比较:KRIGIN与TPS法[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(3):79-87
[13]康淑媛,张勃,柳景峰,等.基于Mann-Kendall法的张掖市降水量时空分布规律分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(3):501-508
[14]王随继,闫云霞,颜明,等.皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对径流量变化的贡献率分析:累积量斜率变化率比较方法的提出及应用[J].地理学报,2012,67(3):388-397
[15]包铁军.皇甫川流域植被生态用水分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2005:1-78
[16]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Rainfall energy and its relationship to soil loss[J].Transactions of American Geophysical Union,1958,39(3):285-291
[17]卜兆宏,董勤瑞,周伏建,等.降雨侵蚀力因子算法的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1992,29(4):408-417
[18]Lo A,EI-Swaify S A,Dangler E W,et al.Effectiveness of EI30 as erosivity index in Hawaii Soil Erosion and Conservation[M].Ankeny,USA:Soil Conservation society of America,1985:384-392
[19]张荣刚,焦敏辉,张勇.皇甫川流域降水量时空变化特征分析[J].人民黄河,2011,33(2):41-42
[2]IPCC.Climate change 2013:The Natural Science Basis[M].Cambridge,UK and New York,USA:Cambridge University Press,2014:105
[3]周佩华,王占礼.黄土高原土壤侵蚀暴雨的研究[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(3):1-5
[4]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall erosion losses:A guide to conservation planning[M].Washington,DC:USDA-ARS,1978:34-38
[5]Renard K G,Foster G R,Weesies G A,et al.Predicting soil Erosion By Water:A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[M].Washington,DC:USDA-AR,1997:25-31
[6]章文波,谢云,刘宝元.中国降雨侵蚀力空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2003,21(1):33-40
[7]章文波.北方农牧交错带降雨侵蚀力的时空分布[J].自然科学进展,2003,13(6):651-654
[8]穆兴民,戴海伦,高鹏,等.陕北黄土高原降雨侵蚀力时空变化研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(3):37-43
[9]刘建祥,李智广,张晓萍,等.最近30年河龙区间降雨侵蚀力的时空演变特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(2):6-13
[10]王小军,蔡焕杰,张鑫,等.皇甫川流域水沙变化特点及其趋势分析[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(1):222-226
[11]Richardson C W.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J].Trans ASAE,1983,26(1):153-157
[12]万龙,马芹,张建军,等.黄土高原降雨量空间插值精度比较:KRIGIN与TPS法[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(3):79-87
[13]康淑媛,张勃,柳景峰,等.基于Mann-Kendall法的张掖市降水量时空分布规律分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(3):501-508
[14]王随继,闫云霞,颜明,等.皇甫川流域降水和人类活动对径流量变化的贡献率分析:累积量斜率变化率比较方法的提出及应用[J].地理学报,2012,67(3):388-397
[15]包铁军.皇甫川流域植被生态用水分析[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2005:1-78
[16]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Rainfall energy and its relationship to soil loss[J].Transactions of American Geophysical Union,1958,39(3):285-291
[17]卜兆宏,董勤瑞,周伏建,等.降雨侵蚀力因子算法的初步研究[J].土壤学报,1992,29(4):408-417
[18]Lo A,EI-Swaify S A,Dangler E W,et al.Effectiveness of EI30 as erosivity index in Hawaii Soil Erosion and Conservation[M].Ankeny,USA:Soil Conservation society of America,1985:384-392
[19]张荣刚,焦敏辉,张勇.皇甫川流域降水量时空变化特征分析[J].人民黄河,2011,33(2):41-42