高寒沙地2种锦鸡儿的根系分布
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摘要
中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿是共和盆地沙丘造林的主要树种。通过剖面法比较了2种锦鸡儿10年生人工林的不同级别的根系分布特征。结果表明:2种锦鸡儿均为深根系植物,深度达到1m。中间锦鸡儿的根系生物量主要分布在0~60cm。其中,粗根、中根和细根分别主要分布在0~30、0~60cm和0~60cm。然而,它的3个不同径级根系的长度分别主要分布在0~30、0~50cm和0~60cm。柠条锦鸡儿的根系生物量主要分布在0~90cm。其中,粗根、中根和细根分别主要分布在0~60、0~60cm和0~90cm。然而,它的3个不同径级根系的长度分别主要分布在0~60、0~60cm和0~70cm。因此,中间锦鸡儿的根系相对较浅,适宜吸收降雨补充的浅层和中层土壤水分。柠条锦鸡儿的根系向更深的土壤中生长,吸收深层土壤水分。这反映了2种锦鸡儿对高寒沙地半干旱气候的适应差异。
Caragana intermedia and C.korshinskii are tow main shrubs used in the re-vegetation on sand dunes in Gonghe Basin.Root distribution characteristics of different types of two Caragana species were studied by profile method.The results showed that 10-years-old plantation of two species were deep-rooted,which was as deep as 1m.The fresh and dry mass of C.intermediadistributed mainly in 0-60 cm,and the coarse roots,medium roots and fine roots distributed in 0-30,0-40 and 0-60 cm depths,respectively.However,the length of different root types distributed in 0-30,0-50 and 0-60 cm,respectively.The fresh and dry mass of C.korshinskii distributes mainly in 0-90 cm depth,and the coarse roots,medium roots and fine roots distributed in 0-60,0-60.and 0-90 cm,respectively.However,the length of different types of C.korshinskii roots distributed in 0-60,0-60 and 0-70 cm.Therefore,the relative shallower root system of C.inermedia was suitable to use soil water in shallow and medium depth;the root system of C.konshinskii grew to deeper depth to use deeper soil water,indicating the differences in the adaptation characteristics of two Caraganashrubs to semi-arid climate in alpine sandy land.
Caragana intermedia and C.korshinskii are tow main shrubs used in the re-vegetation on sand dunes in Gonghe Basin.Root distribution characteristics of different types of two Caragana species were studied by profile method.The results showed that 10-years-old plantation of two species were deep-rooted,which was as deep as 1m.The fresh and dry mass of C.intermediadistributed mainly in 0-60 cm,and the coarse roots,medium roots and fine roots distributed in 0-30,0-40 and 0-60 cm depths,respectively.However,the length of different root types distributed in 0-30,0-50 and 0-60 cm,respectively.The fresh and dry mass of C.korshinskii distributes mainly in 0-90 cm depth,and the coarse roots,medium roots and fine roots distributed in 0-60,0-60.and 0-90 cm,respectively.However,the length of different types of C.korshinskii roots distributed in 0-60,0-60 and 0-70 cm.Therefore,the relative shallower root system of C.inermedia was suitable to use soil water in shallow and medium depth;the root system of C.konshinskii grew to deeper depth to use deeper soil water,indicating the differences in the adaptation characteristics of two Caraganashrubs to semi-arid climate in alpine sandy land.
引文
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[18]毕建琦,杜峰,梁宗锁,等.黄土高原丘陵区不同立地条件下柠条根系研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):225-230.BI J Q,DU F,LIANG Z S,et al.Research on root system of Caragana korshinskii at different site conditions in the hilly regions of Loess Plateau[J].Forest Research,2006,19(2):225-230.(in Chinese)
[19]孙黎黎,张文辉,何景峰,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同生境条件下柠条人工种群无性繁殖与更新研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(1):1-6.SUN L L,ZHANG W H,HE J F,et al.Asexual reproduction and regeneration of artificial Caragana korshinskii population in different habitats in hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[20]阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被根系分布与土壤水分关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):78-81.ALAMUSA,JIANG D M,PEI T P.Relationship between root system distribution and soil moisture of artificial Caragana microphylla vegetation in sandy land[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,17(3):78-81.(in Chinese)
[21]罗永清,赵学勇,周欣,等.不同生境中差不嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron)生长特征及地下生物量分布[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):152-159.LUO Y Q,ZHAO X Y,ZHOU X,et al.Growth character and belowground biomass distribution of Artemisia halodendron in different positions of sand dune[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(1):152-159.(in Chinese)
[22]邱权,李吉跃,王军辉,等.干旱胁迫下青藏高原4种灌木生物量和根系变化[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):1-6.QIU Q,LI J Y,WANG J H,et al.Biomass and root system characteristics and drought resistance of 4shrubs in Tibetan Plateau under drought stress[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[23]叶冬梅,德永军,赵翠平,等.带状柠条林灌草根系质量空间分布格局[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2009,30(1):101-104.YE D M,DE Y J,ZHAO C P,et al.Spatial distribution structure of root mass of Caraganaand grass compund model with different spacing[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009,30(1):101-104.(in Chinese)
[24]何春霞,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山区核桃-决明子复合模式的根系分布[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(6):715-721.HE C X,MENG P,ZHANG J S,et al.Root spatial distribution of walnut/cassia agroforestry system in the rocky hilly area of North China[J].Forestry Research,2013,26(6):715-721.(in Chinese)
[2]金元锋,丁生祥,张富翔,等.近50年共和盆地土地荒漠化与气候变化的关系及其影响因子定量分析[J].现代农业科技,2008,37(1):189-192.
[3]朱雅娟,李虹,赵淑伶,等.共和盆地不同类型防护林的改善小气候效应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):841-848.ZHU Y J,LI H,ZHAO S L,et al.Improvement effect on microclimate in different types of shelterbelt in the Gonghe Basin of Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Desert Research,2014,34(3):841-848.(in Chinese)
[4]JIA Z,ZHU Y,LIU L.Different water use strategies of juvenile and adult Caragana intermedia plantations in the Gonghe Basin,Tibet Plateau[J].PLoS ONE,2012,7(9):e45902.
[5]刘丽颖,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.高寒沙地不同林龄中间锦鸡儿的水分利用策略[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(5):122-128.LIU L Y,JIA Z Q,ZHU Y J,et al.Water use strategy of different stand ages of Caragana intermedia in alpine sandland[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(5):122-128.(in Chinese)
[6]刘丽颖,贾志清,朱雅娟,等.共和盆地中间锦鸡儿人工林根系的分布特征[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1626-1631.LIU L Y,JIA Z Q,ZHU Y J,et al.Root system distribution of Caragana intermedia plantation in Gonghe Basin,Qinghai Province[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(6):1626-1631.(in Chinese)
[7]叶茂,徐海量,王晓峰,等.塔里木河下游阿拉干断面胡杨根系空间分布规律研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(4):801-807.YE M,XU H L,WANG X F,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of root system of Populus euphratica in the Algan transection of the lower Tarim River[J].Acta Botanica Boreal-Occident Sinica,2011,31(4):801-807.(in Chinese)
[8]徐贵青,李彦.共生条件下三种荒漠灌木的根系分布特征及其对降水的响应[J].生态学报,2009,29(1):130-137.XU G Q,LI Y.Roots distribution of tree desert shrubs and their response to precipitation under co-occurring conditions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(1):130-137.(in Chinese)
[9]张利刚,曾凡江,袁娜,等.不同水分条件下疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)生长及根系分株构型特征[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(3):717-723.ZHANG L G,ZENG F J,YUAN N,et al.Root growth and ramets architecture characteristics of Alhagi sparsifolia under different water treatments[J].Journal of Desert Research,2013,33(3):717-723.(in Chinese)
[10]李海涛.白皮沙拐枣(Calligonum leucocladum)根系与环境关系的初步研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,1996,19(1):56-61.
[11]刘健,贺晓,包海龙,等.毛乌素沙地沙柳细根分布规律与土壤水分分布的关系[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1362-1366.LIU J,HE X,BAO H L,et al.Distribution of fine roots of Salix psammophila and its relationship with soil moisture in Mu Us Sandland[J].Journal of Desert Research,2010,30(6):1362-1366.(in Chinese)
[12]尹建华,包铁军,杨劼.黄土丘陵沟壑区中间锦鸡儿的生长特征[J].内蒙古大学学报:自然科学版,2014,56(5):526-533.YIN J H,BAO T J,YANG J.Growth characteristics of Caragana intermediain the loess hilly-gully region[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia University:Nat.Sci.Edi.,2014,56(5):526-533.(in Chinese)
[13]张莉,吴斌,丁国栋,等.毛乌素沙地沙柳与柠条根系分布特征对比[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(3):158-161.ZHANG L,WU B,DING G D,et al.Root distribution characteristics of Salix psammophyla and Caragana korshinskii in Mu Us sandy land[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(3):158-161.(in Chinese)
[14]ZHANG Z S,LI X R,LIU L C,et al.Distribution,biomass,and dynamics of roots in a revegetated stand of Caragana korshinskii in the Tengger Desert,northwestern China[J].Journal of Plant Research,2009,122:109-119.
[15]SCHWINNING S,EHLERINGER J R.Water use trade-off and optimal adaptations to pulse-driven arid ecosystem[J].Journal of Ecology,2001,89:464-480.
[16]柴成武,徐先英,唐卫东,等.石羊河流域荒漠区主要固沙植物根系研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):21-26.CHAI C W,XU X Y,TANG W D,et al.Root system of the main sand fixing plants in desert zone of Shiyang River Basin[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(4):21-26.(in Chinese)
[17]CHENG X,HUANG M,SHAO M,et al.A comparison of fine root distribution and water consumption of mature CaraganakorshinkiiKom grown in two soils in a semiarid region,China[J].Plant and Soil,2009,315:149-161.
[18]毕建琦,杜峰,梁宗锁,等.黄土高原丘陵区不同立地条件下柠条根系研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):225-230.BI J Q,DU F,LIANG Z S,et al.Research on root system of Caragana korshinskii at different site conditions in the hilly regions of Loess Plateau[J].Forest Research,2006,19(2):225-230.(in Chinese)
[19]孙黎黎,张文辉,何景峰,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同生境条件下柠条人工种群无性繁殖与更新研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(1):1-6.SUN L L,ZHANG W H,HE J F,et al.Asexual reproduction and regeneration of artificial Caragana korshinskii population in different habitats in hilly area of the Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[20]阿拉木萨,蒋德明,裴铁璠.沙地人工小叶锦鸡儿植被根系分布与土壤水分关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):78-81.ALAMUSA,JIANG D M,PEI T P.Relationship between root system distribution and soil moisture of artificial Caragana microphylla vegetation in sandy land[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,17(3):78-81.(in Chinese)
[21]罗永清,赵学勇,周欣,等.不同生境中差不嘎蒿(Artemisia halodendron)生长特征及地下生物量分布[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):152-159.LUO Y Q,ZHAO X Y,ZHOU X,et al.Growth character and belowground biomass distribution of Artemisia halodendron in different positions of sand dune[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(1):152-159.(in Chinese)
[22]邱权,李吉跃,王军辉,等.干旱胁迫下青藏高原4种灌木生物量和根系变化[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(3):1-6.QIU Q,LI J Y,WANG J H,et al.Biomass and root system characteristics and drought resistance of 4shrubs in Tibetan Plateau under drought stress[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[23]叶冬梅,德永军,赵翠平,等.带状柠条林灌草根系质量空间分布格局[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2009,30(1):101-104.YE D M,DE Y J,ZHAO C P,et al.Spatial distribution structure of root mass of Caraganaand grass compund model with different spacing[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2009,30(1):101-104.(in Chinese)
[24]何春霞,孟平,张劲松,等.华北低丘山区核桃-决明子复合模式的根系分布[J].林业科学研究,2013,26(6):715-721.HE C X,MENG P,ZHANG J S,et al.Root spatial distribution of walnut/cassia agroforestry system in the rocky hilly area of North China[J].Forestry Research,2013,26(6):715-721.(in Chinese)