磷腈化合物阻燃高分子材料研究进展
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摘要
磷腈化合物是一类骨架由磷、氮单双键交替排列而成,侧基由有机基团组成的有机-无机化合物.由于其结构特殊、性能优异而被应用于防火阻燃、生物医用、高分子导体及液晶、燃料及催化剂等各种领域.磷腈有高含量的磷、氮元素,因而具有优异的阻燃性能.近年来,环三磷腈阻燃剂被越来越广泛地应用于高分子阻燃材料中.本文阐述了近10年来具有不同取代基的环三磷腈阻燃剂的合成及应用,重点介绍了其对环氧树脂、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)、聚烯烃、聚酯等高分子材料的阻燃性能及热稳定性的影响,并对其影响规律和阻燃机理进行了总结,对其应用前景进行了展望.
Phosphazenes are a new family of organic-inorganic compounds contained alternating phosphorus and nitrogen in their skeleton and organic groups in their branched chain. It has been used in various fields, such as fire retardant, biomedical, materials polymer conductor, liquid crystal, fuel and catalyst on account of its special structure and excellent performance. Phosphazenes are provided with superior flame retardant properties due to its high content of elements phosphorus and nitrogen. In recent years, cyclotriphosphazenes flame retardants has been widely used in polymer materials. This paper reviews the synthesis and application of cyclotriphosphazenes flame retardants with diverse substitutional groups in the last decade, emphatically introduces their impact on the flame retardantcy and thermal stability of different polymer materials such as epoxy resin, ABS, polyolefin and polyester. Furthermore, the influence rule and flame retardant mechanism are summarized, and the trend of its application is also prospected.
Phosphazenes are a new family of organic-inorganic compounds contained alternating phosphorus and nitrogen in their skeleton and organic groups in their branched chain. It has been used in various fields, such as fire retardant, biomedical, materials polymer conductor, liquid crystal, fuel and catalyst on account of its special structure and excellent performance. Phosphazenes are provided with superior flame retardant properties due to its high content of elements phosphorus and nitrogen. In recent years, cyclotriphosphazenes flame retardants has been widely used in polymer materials. This paper reviews the synthesis and application of cyclotriphosphazenes flame retardants with diverse substitutional groups in the last decade, emphatically introduces their impact on the flame retardantcy and thermal stability of different polymer materials such as epoxy resin, ABS, polyolefin and polyester. Furthermore, the influence rule and flame retardant mechanism are summarized, and the trend of its application is also prospected.
引文
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2 Chen-Yang YW,Lee HF,Yuan CY.J Polym Sci,Part A:Polym Chem,2000,38:972–981
3 陈英红,刘渊,王琪.中国科学:化学,2012,42:644–649
4 李斌,许苗军,赖涛.合成化学,2014,22:331–334
5 Liu FF,Hao W,Huang XB,Zhang JW,Zhou YB,Tang XZ.J Macromol Sci Phys,2010,49:1002–1011
6 Chiou JY,Huang TK,Hsieh KH,Lin JJ.J Polym Res,2014,21:467
7 El Gouri M,El Bachiri A,Hegazi SE,Rafik M,El Harfi A.Polym Degrad Stab,2009,94:2101–2106
8 卢林刚,王晓,杨守生,董希琳,唐凯,余厚珺.化学学报,2012,70:190–191
9 孙楠,钱立军,许国志,辛菲.中国科学:化学,2014,44:1195–1202
10 杨明山,丁洁,刘阳,李林楷.中国塑料,2009,23:35–38
11 李斌,许苗军,徐广锐.六苯胺基环三磷腈及无卤阻燃环氧树脂组合物的制备方法.中国专利,101597308.2009-12-09
12 Xu MJ,Xu GR,Leng Y,Li B.Polym Degrad Stab,2016,123:105–114
13 李然,孙德,张龙.化工新型材料,2007,35:75–77
14 邴柏春,李斌,贾贺,杨明飞.应用化学,2009,26:753–756
15 陈义兴,王艳玲,李德江.精细化工,2014,31:379–382
16 徐建中,杜卫义,王春征,谢吉星.中国塑料,2011,25:21–25
17 徐路,李雪,苏倩,王峰,唐林生.天津化工,2014,28:15–19
18 于赛男,黄小彬,唐小真.化工新型材料,2009,37:107–109
19 李德江,龚大春,黄永文.含环三磷腈结构的氧杂膦菲阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用.中国专利,102757579A.2012-10-31
20 Orme CJ,Klaehn JR,Harrup MK,Lash RP,Stewart FF.J Appl Polym Sci,2005,97:939–945
21 Allen CW.J Polym Sci:Polym Symp,1983,70:79–90
22 Wu HS,Ke DY.Polymer,1997,38:431–436
23 Lim H,Chang JY.J Mater Chem,2010,20:749–754
24 王兵兵,孔庆山,纪全,夏致延.新型磷腈类阻燃剂的合成剂应用.见:2008年全国阻燃学术年会论文集.宜昌,2008.119–124
25 时虎,胡源,赵伟华.消防技术与产品信息,2001,9:25–28
26 孔祥建,刘述梅,蒋智杰,叶华,赵建青.工程塑料应用,2008,36:5–9
27 祝飞.中国安全科学学报,2012,22:31–35
28 朱中路.新型环磷腈阻燃剂的合成及其对聚丙烯的阻燃应用.硕士学位论文.广州:广东工业大学,2014
29 王君.磷腈为核膨胀型阻燃剂的合成及阻燃聚丙烯的研究.硕士学位论文.保定:河北大学,2014
30 Qu HQ,Wu CC,Xu JZ,Wu WH.Mater Lett,2015,160:282–285
31 王春征,武翠翠,屈红强.一种磷腈阻燃剂及其制备方法和应用.中国专利,104252904A.2015-01-21
32 Kuan JF,Lin KF.J Appl Polym Sci,2004,91:697–702
33 元东海,唐安斌,黄杰,马寒冰.应用化学,2012,29:1090–1092
34 Brown DE,Ramachandran K,Carter KR,Allen CW.Macromolecules,200l,34:2870–2875
35 Tao K,Li J,Xu L,Zhao XL,Xue LX,Fan XY,Yan Q.Polym Degrad Stab,20l1,96:1248–1254
36 Mu XW,Yuan BH,Hu WZ,Qiu S,Song L,Hu Y.RSC Adv,2015,5:76068–76078
37 Zhang X,Zhong Y,Mao ZP.Polym Degrad Stab,2012,97:1504–1510
38 Zhang X,Mao ZP,Zhang LP,Wu Q.J Ind Eng Chem,2013,19:993–999
39 钱立军,孙楠.基于磷杂菲和磷腈基团的双基化合物、制备方法及应用.中国专利,104262399A.2015-01-07
40 方征平,马海云,宋平安.中国科学:化学,2011,41:314–327
41 Wang JN,Mao ZP,Su XY.Polym Degrad Stab,20l4,109:154–161
42 Xu H,Li JW,Pan F,Zhang LP,Zhong Y,Mao ZP.Polym Degrad Stab,2014,110:268–277
43 胡源,胡进良,范维澄.火灾科学,1996,5:12–16
44 Modestia M,Zanella L,Lorenzetti A,Bertani R,Gleria M.Polym Degrad Stab,2005,87:287–292
45 Muraki T,Ueta M,Ihara E,Inoue K.Polym Degrad Stab,2004,84:87–93
46 Yang R,Xu L,Hu WT,Song Y,Li JC.Polym Degrad Stab,2015,122:102–109
47 K?bisch B,Fehrenbacher U,Kroke E.Fire Mater,2014,38:462–473
48 He YF,Chen Y,Zheng QK,Zheng JQ,Chen S.Fiber Polym,2015,16:1005–1011
49 王斐,邓启刚,陈朝晖,赵海森,孙晶晶.印染,2015,3:14–20
50 靳霏霏,李战雄,陈国强.印染助剂,2008,25:31–33
51 林锐彬,李战雄,赵言,杜丽萍,程选.印染助剂,2010,27:25–28
52 吕梅香,廖添,宋亭,曾健,曾和平.华南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,47:78–83
53 Fontenot KR,Nguyen MM,Easson MW,Al-Abdul-Wahid MS,Chang SC,Lorigan GA,Condon BD.Polym Degrad Stab,2015:120,32 –41