汽车板180BH三维表面轮廓测试
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摘要
目的测试汽车板的三维表面轮廓及表面结构参数波纹度和粗糙度,判定汽车板表面是否符合汽车厂标准的要求。方法利用白光干涉的三维光学轮廓仪,在15~30℃、湿度小于80%、无凝结的条件下,依照相关国际标准,测量汽车板表面三维轮廓及波纹度和粗糙度。通过分析汽车板表面结构的形成过程及其分类,介绍了基于白光相移干涉法测量的原理及方法。结果以180BH汽车板为例,厚度为0.8 mm,测试得到其表面最大高度可达到20μm,中间的高度较低,最低高度为-13μm。取样长度50 mm,水平方向经过一次多项式处理,然后经过5次多项式拟合,去除取样长度内的形状误差,最后利用高斯滤波器去除λc=0.8mm短波部分,得到取样长度内的波纹度Wa为0.404μm,表面粗糙度Ra为1.089μm。结论测试结果显示汽车板180BH的波纹度小于0.5μm,表面粗糙度小于1.2μm,均符合汽车厂产品的要求。白光相移干涉三维光学轮廓仪能够清晰地测量汽车板的表面轮廓,得到表面结构参数,为汽车板表面质量的评价提供了一个重要的手段。
The work aims to determine whether auto sheet surface meets requirements of automobile factory standards by testing 3 D surface profile and surface structure parameters of the auto sheet waviness and roughness. 3 D contours, waviness and roughness of the auto plate surface were measured with a 3 D optical profiler utilizing white light interference according to relevant international standards provided with room temperature of 15~30 ℃, humidity of less than 80% and no coagulation condition. Principle and method of measurement based on white light phase-shift interferometry were introduced by analyzing formation process and classification of automobile plate surface structure. Taking auto sheet 180 BH as an example, the thickness was 0.8 mm, maximum height of the surface reached 20 μm, height of the middle was lower, and the minimum height was-13 μm. Sampling length was 50 mm, and linear polynomial processing was performed in horizontal direction. Then, shape error in the sampling length was removed by performing 5-order polynomial fitting. Finally, λc=0.8 mm short wave part was used with Gaussian filter, and obtained waviness degree Wa was 0.404 μm, and surface roughness Ra was 1.089 μm. Test results show that waviness of the auto sheet 180 BH is below 0.5 μm and surface roughness is below 1.2 μm, which are in line with the requirements for automotive plant products. White light phase-shift interference 3 D optical profiler can clearly measure surface profile of the auto sheet and obtain surface structure parameters, hence it can provide an important means for evaluating surface quality of the auto sheet.
The work aims to determine whether auto sheet surface meets requirements of automobile factory standards by testing 3 D surface profile and surface structure parameters of the auto sheet waviness and roughness. 3 D contours, waviness and roughness of the auto plate surface were measured with a 3 D optical profiler utilizing white light interference according to relevant international standards provided with room temperature of 15~30 ℃, humidity of less than 80% and no coagulation condition. Principle and method of measurement based on white light phase-shift interferometry were introduced by analyzing formation process and classification of automobile plate surface structure. Taking auto sheet 180 BH as an example, the thickness was 0.8 mm, maximum height of the surface reached 20 μm, height of the middle was lower, and the minimum height was-13 μm. Sampling length was 50 mm, and linear polynomial processing was performed in horizontal direction. Then, shape error in the sampling length was removed by performing 5-order polynomial fitting. Finally, λc=0.8 mm short wave part was used with Gaussian filter, and obtained waviness degree Wa was 0.404 μm, and surface roughness Ra was 1.089 μm. Test results show that waviness of the auto sheet 180 BH is below 0.5 μm and surface roughness is below 1.2 μm, which are in line with the requirements for automotive plant products. White light phase-shift interference 3 D optical profiler can clearly measure surface profile of the auto sheet and obtain surface structure parameters, hence it can provide an important means for evaluating surface quality of the auto sheet.
引文
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[7]罗五四.汽车板表面粗糙度实测值分布不均匀性试验研究[J].汽车工艺与材料,2011(7):39-45.LUO Wu-si.Experimental Study on Distribution Unevenness of Measured Value of Surface Roughness of Automobile Plate[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2011(7):39-47.
[8]束方军,冯传玉.全景三维轮廓检测技术研究[J].实验力学,2000,15(2):147-151.SHU Fang-jun,FENG Chuan-yu.Research on 3D Horizontal Profile Detection Technology[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2000,15(2):147-151.
[9]田爱玲,刘洋.双CCD光栅投影法测量物体三维轮廓技术[J].西安工业大学学报,2009(2):108-112.TIAN Ai-ling,LIU Yang.Dual CCD Grating Projection Method for Measuring 3D Contour of Objects[J].Journal of Xi’an Technological University,2009(2):108-112.
[10]盖绍彦,达飞鹏.一种新的相位法三维轮廓测量系统模型及其标定方法研究[J].自动化学报,2007(9):902-910.GAI Shao-yan,DA Fei-peng.A New Model of 3D Shape Measurement System Based on Phase Measuring Profilometry and Its Calibration[J].Acta Auto-matica Sinica,2007(9):902-910.
[11]SU Li-kun,SU Xian-yu,LI Wan-song,et al.Application of Modulation Measurement Profilometry to Objects with Surface Holes[J].Applied Optics,1999,38(7):1153-1158.
[12]田爱玲.用时间域相位解包法测量不连续物体的三维轮廓[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,(11):1196-1198.TIAN Ai-ling.Three Dimensional Profile Measurement of Objects with Spatially Isolated Surfaces by Modified Temporal Phase Unwrapping[J].Journal of Xi'an Technological University,2004(11):1196-1198.
[13]吕伟新,印丽颖.一种基于视觉的三维轮廓检测系统[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(S1):87-89.LV Wei-xin,YIN Li-ying.A Three-dimensional Profile Detection System Based on Machine Vision[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science),2008(S1):87-89.
[14]ISO 16610-21—2011,产品几何技术规范(GPS)过滤法第21部分:线性廓度滤波器,高斯滤波器[S].ISO 16610-21—2011,Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS)-Filtration-Part 21:Linear Profile Filters,Gaussian Filters[S].
[15]DIN EN ISO 4287—2010,产品几何量技术规范(GPS)表面结构:轮廓法术语、定义及表面结构参数[S].DIN EN ISO 4287—2010,Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS)—Surface Texture:Profile method,Terms,Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters[S].
[2]谭娟,王俊,高海燕,等.高强钢合金化热镀锌研究进展[J].材料导报,2008(2):64-67.TAN Juan,WANG Jun,GAO Hai-yan,et al.Recent Advances in High Strength Galvannealed Sheet Steels[J].Materials Review,2008(2):64-67.
[3]张红,袁明生,胡凡,等.合金化热镀锌微观组织对镀层抗粉化性能的影响[J].宝钢技术,2002(3):41-44.ZHANG Hong,YUAN Ming-sheng,HU Fan,et al.Effect of Microstructure on Powdering-resistance in Galvannealed Coating[J].Baosteel Technology,2002(3):41-44.
[4]胡宽辉,田德新,冯冠文,等.汽车用热镀锌高强IF钢的研究进展[J].热加工工艺,2010(18):34-38.HU Kuan-hui,TIAN De-xin,FENG Guan-wen,et al.Research Progress of Galvanized High Strength Interstitial-free Steel Used for Automotive[J].Material&Heat Treatment,2010(18):34-38.
[5]李守华,李俊.汽车用高强度IF钢的研究进展[J].上海金属,2007(5):66-70.LI Shou-hua,LI Jun.Progress in Research of High Strength IF Steel for Automotive Applications[J].Shanghai Metals,2007(5):66-70.
[6]姚贵升.钢板表面形貌对冲压成形性能和油漆后外观质量的影响[J].宝钢技术,2001(S1):12-18.YAO Gui-sheng.Effect of Surface Morphology of Steel Sheet on Stamping Formability and Appearance Quality after Paint[J].Baosteel Technology,2001(S1):12-18.
[7]罗五四.汽车板表面粗糙度实测值分布不均匀性试验研究[J].汽车工艺与材料,2011(7):39-45.LUO Wu-si.Experimental Study on Distribution Unevenness of Measured Value of Surface Roughness of Automobile Plate[J].Automobile Technology&Material,2011(7):39-47.
[8]束方军,冯传玉.全景三维轮廓检测技术研究[J].实验力学,2000,15(2):147-151.SHU Fang-jun,FENG Chuan-yu.Research on 3D Horizontal Profile Detection Technology[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2000,15(2):147-151.
[9]田爱玲,刘洋.双CCD光栅投影法测量物体三维轮廓技术[J].西安工业大学学报,2009(2):108-112.TIAN Ai-ling,LIU Yang.Dual CCD Grating Projection Method for Measuring 3D Contour of Objects[J].Journal of Xi’an Technological University,2009(2):108-112.
[10]盖绍彦,达飞鹏.一种新的相位法三维轮廓测量系统模型及其标定方法研究[J].自动化学报,2007(9):902-910.GAI Shao-yan,DA Fei-peng.A New Model of 3D Shape Measurement System Based on Phase Measuring Profilometry and Its Calibration[J].Acta Auto-matica Sinica,2007(9):902-910.
[11]SU Li-kun,SU Xian-yu,LI Wan-song,et al.Application of Modulation Measurement Profilometry to Objects with Surface Holes[J].Applied Optics,1999,38(7):1153-1158.
[12]田爱玲.用时间域相位解包法测量不连续物体的三维轮廓[J].西安交通大学学报,2004,(11):1196-1198.TIAN Ai-ling.Three Dimensional Profile Measurement of Objects with Spatially Isolated Surfaces by Modified Temporal Phase Unwrapping[J].Journal of Xi'an Technological University,2004(11):1196-1198.
[13]吕伟新,印丽颖.一种基于视觉的三维轮廓检测系统[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(S1):87-89.LV Wei-xin,YIN Li-ying.A Three-dimensional Profile Detection System Based on Machine Vision[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science),2008(S1):87-89.
[14]ISO 16610-21—2011,产品几何技术规范(GPS)过滤法第21部分:线性廓度滤波器,高斯滤波器[S].ISO 16610-21—2011,Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS)-Filtration-Part 21:Linear Profile Filters,Gaussian Filters[S].
[15]DIN EN ISO 4287—2010,产品几何量技术规范(GPS)表面结构:轮廓法术语、定义及表面结构参数[S].DIN EN ISO 4287—2010,Geometrical Product Specifications(GPS)—Surface Texture:Profile method,Terms,Definitions and Surface Texture Parameters[S].