基于百度地图的危险化学品泄漏事故模拟
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摘要
当前,危险化学品泄漏事故模拟软件在化学事故处置中为消防指挥员提供了较好的辅助决策服务,但由于其运行在计算机固定端上,存在携带不便和无法实现自身定位的问题,因此无法满足消防战斗员使用的迫切需要。为此,研发了一种应用于安卓移动端的危险化学品泄漏事故模拟软件,软件利用高斯模型计算并绘制危险区域图层,调用百度地图服务显示地图图层,通过风向转换、坐标系转换和泄漏源定位,将危险区域图层与百度地图图层进行无缝集成,实现了在百度地图上显示危险区域和用户的实时位置。该软件可以帮助每个消防战斗员掌握化学事故现场危险区域,并随时查看自身位置及当前位置的危险程度,达到了提高化学事故处置效率的目的。
This paper is inclined to present an Android system developed by the App to calculate the hazardous area of the chemical leakage accidents with its being displayed on Baidu Maps.As is known,most of the simulation softwares of the chemical leakage accidents are usually illustrated and offered on the computer for calculating the hazardous areas with the assistant decision-making function for the fire commanders to deal with the chemical accidents.Nevertheless,the firefighting force fails to employ such softwares for their not being convenient enough to be adopted.Seeing the need,the present paper is aimed to develop 3 major applications to deal with such challenges for them.First of all,we have developed an application to acquire the Baidu maps and GPS positioning service on the foundation of the other function modules.And,secondly,it would be made possible for the general firefighers to use the Android system through the Baidu maps and GPS positioning service promptly in case of need.For this purpose,we have first of all worked out a classic simulation model on the leakage and diffusion in the App with the Bernoulli's equation and Gaussian model installed in the system to work out the range of the hazardous area.And,secondly,the layer of the hazardous area can be displayed in the said App.And,thirdly,the hazardous area and the position of the firefighting force can be displayed on the Baidu Maps in a real-time instant,which can be regarded as the key part of the App system.In addition,a few other key technical terms should also be supplied to achieve the due functions,with the direction of the layer of the hazardous area being converted into the wind direction.Furthermore,the plane coordinate can be conversed into the geographical coordinate in accordance with the momentally staying spots and positions.And,finally,it would be possible for the leakage source of the hazardous area to be translated into the position of the leakage source on the Baidu Maps,so as to display the real-time hazard scenario on the Baidu Maps.Thus,the information of the hazard scenario can be delivered to every fireman for them to make out the scenario,their own position and the risk in the real-time condition.Hence,the App can help to increase the safety of the firemen and their action efficiency in dealing with the chemical accidents.Moreover,it can also offer a novel idea to develop an assistant decisionmaking system in such chemical accidents.
This paper is inclined to present an Android system developed by the App to calculate the hazardous area of the chemical leakage accidents with its being displayed on Baidu Maps.As is known,most of the simulation softwares of the chemical leakage accidents are usually illustrated and offered on the computer for calculating the hazardous areas with the assistant decision-making function for the fire commanders to deal with the chemical accidents.Nevertheless,the firefighting force fails to employ such softwares for their not being convenient enough to be adopted.Seeing the need,the present paper is aimed to develop 3 major applications to deal with such challenges for them.First of all,we have developed an application to acquire the Baidu maps and GPS positioning service on the foundation of the other function modules.And,secondly,it would be made possible for the general firefighers to use the Android system through the Baidu maps and GPS positioning service promptly in case of need.For this purpose,we have first of all worked out a classic simulation model on the leakage and diffusion in the App with the Bernoulli's equation and Gaussian model installed in the system to work out the range of the hazardous area.And,secondly,the layer of the hazardous area can be displayed in the said App.And,thirdly,the hazardous area and the position of the firefighting force can be displayed on the Baidu Maps in a real-time instant,which can be regarded as the key part of the App system.In addition,a few other key technical terms should also be supplied to achieve the due functions,with the direction of the layer of the hazardous area being converted into the wind direction.Furthermore,the plane coordinate can be conversed into the geographical coordinate in accordance with the momentally staying spots and positions.And,finally,it would be possible for the leakage source of the hazardous area to be translated into the position of the leakage source on the Baidu Maps,so as to display the real-time hazard scenario on the Baidu Maps.Thus,the information of the hazard scenario can be delivered to every fireman for them to make out the scenario,their own position and the risk in the real-time condition.Hence,the App can help to increase the safety of the firemen and their action efficiency in dealing with the chemical accidents.Moreover,it can also offer a novel idea to develop an assistant decisionmaking system in such chemical accidents.
引文
[1]TANG Shaojia(唐少佳),WANG Wei(王炜),LIU Mao(刘茂).Application of ALOHA to the decision-supporting system for hazmat transportation emergency response[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2007,7(4):122-125.
[2]ZHANG Jianghua(张江华),ZHAO Laijun(赵来军),WU Qinmin(吴勤旻).Research on leakage and diffusion of hazardous materials[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2007,3(1):8-11.
[3]ZHANG Weifan(张维凡),ZHANG Xixian(张希贤),XIN Baowen(辛宝文),et al.Research on dispersion model for typical hazardous chemicals[J].Chemical Industry Occupational Safety&Health(化工劳动保护),1996(3):1-19.
[4]ZHANG Qiping(张启平).Theoretical study of an intelligent realtime forecast in diffusion process of main risk source(liquid hydrocarbon)with numerical simulation(重大危险源(液态烃类)泄散过程智能化实时预测方法的理论研究及其动态数值模拟)[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,1999.
[5]ZHANG Mingguang(张明广),JIANG Juncheng(蒋军成),PANXuhai(潘旭海).GIS-based assistant decision-making system for risk management of major hazard installation[J].Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2007,27(7):115-119.
[6]ZHANG Mingguang(张明广),JIANG Juncheng(蒋军成).Research of emergency rescue system for major hazard installations based on 3D GIS[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities(石油化工高等学校学报),2007,20(1):93-96.
[7]ZHANG Mingguang(张明广),JIANG Juncheng(蒋军成).Simulation of toxic gas dispersion based on GIS and real-time weather data[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:Natural Science Edition(南京工业大学学报:自然科学版),2009,31(3):23-26.
[8]YI Gaoxiang(易高翔),YANG Chunsheng(杨春生),MA Liangjun(马良俊),et al.Research and implementation of treatment system for leakage and diffusion of hazardous material based on GIS[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2008,4(5):70-73.
[9]MA Liangjun(马良俊),WEI Lijun(魏利军),YI Gaoxiang(易高翔),et al.Research on hazardous materials emergency decisionmaking support software system[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2009,5(5):23-26.
[10]WEI Lijun(魏利军).Emergency response software and hardware systems for chemical incidents[J].Modern Occupational Safety(现代职业安全),2010(1):41-43.
[11]TAUSSEF S M,SUGANYA R,ABBASI T,et al.Chemical accident simulation tool(CAST):a system for assessing consequences of accidents in chemical process industry[J].Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,2018,18:101-116.
[12]LI Jun(李军),LI Qingqi(李庆奇),HE Chengqiang(贺城墙),et al.Study on emergency response for leakage accident of dangerous chemical gas based on GIS[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2017,13(11):66-72.
[13]ZHENG Yuanpan(郑远攀).Review of research on mathematical model of dispersion of industrial hazardous materials[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2008,8(3):106-110.
[14]PAN Xuhai(潘旭海).Theoretical and experimental study on dynamics process for accident of release(事故性泄漏动力学过程的理论与实验研究)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Technology,2004.
[15]YANG Jun(杨军),YANG Yusheng(杨玉胜).An optimized method for discriminating the critical boundary of the dangerous zone in hazardous chemical leakage accidents[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2014,14(6):32-35.
[16]HUANG Yanbo(黄沿波),LIANG Dong(梁栋),LI Jianfeng(李剑锋),et al.On the classification methods of heavy gas dispersion models[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering(安全与环境工程),2008,15(4):71-76.
[17]VAN DEN BOSCH C J H,WETERINGS R A P M.Method for the calculation of physical effects-due to releases of hazardous materials(liquids and gases)[R].Den Haag,Netherland:Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat,2005.
[18]JONES R,LEHR W,SIMECEK-BEATTY D,et al.Technical documentation,ALOHA 5.4.4[R].Seattle,Washington:Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,2013.
[19]WANG Xuan(王炫).Research on a GIS-based environmental risk forecast and assessment information system of hazardous chemicals(基于GIS的危险化学品泄漏事故环境风险预测与评价信息支持系统研究)[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2009.
[20]DONG Xiaoyan(董晓燕),YANG Qunshan(杨群山),WANGChao(王超).Toxic gas leakage and diffusion simulation of the earthquake secondary damage based on Arc GIS[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Reduction(防震减灾学报),2013,29(2):1-4.
[21]CHEN Guohua(陈国华),ZHANG Jing(张静),ZHANG Hui(张晖),et al.Application of WEBGIS to non-heavy gas cloud diffusion simulation[J].Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2006,26(10):140-144.
[22]CAI Le(蔡乐).Research on atmosphere diffusion simulation of spilled liquid gas based on GIS(基于GIS的液化气船泄漏事故大气扩散模拟研究)[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2005.
[23]LIN Yiping(林益平).An application in environmental protection system based on integration of temporal-GIS and atmospheric dispersion model of toxic chemical(危化品泄漏扩散模型与时态GIS整合研究及其在环保系统中的应用)[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009.
[2]ZHANG Jianghua(张江华),ZHAO Laijun(赵来军),WU Qinmin(吴勤旻).Research on leakage and diffusion of hazardous materials[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2007,3(1):8-11.
[3]ZHANG Weifan(张维凡),ZHANG Xixian(张希贤),XIN Baowen(辛宝文),et al.Research on dispersion model for typical hazardous chemicals[J].Chemical Industry Occupational Safety&Health(化工劳动保护),1996(3):1-19.
[4]ZHANG Qiping(张启平).Theoretical study of an intelligent realtime forecast in diffusion process of main risk source(liquid hydrocarbon)with numerical simulation(重大危险源(液态烃类)泄散过程智能化实时预测方法的理论研究及其动态数值模拟)[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,1999.
[5]ZHANG Mingguang(张明广),JIANG Juncheng(蒋军成),PANXuhai(潘旭海).GIS-based assistant decision-making system for risk management of major hazard installation[J].Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2007,27(7):115-119.
[6]ZHANG Mingguang(张明广),JIANG Juncheng(蒋军成).Research of emergency rescue system for major hazard installations based on 3D GIS[J].Journal of Petrochemical Universities(石油化工高等学校学报),2007,20(1):93-96.
[7]ZHANG Mingguang(张明广),JIANG Juncheng(蒋军成).Simulation of toxic gas dispersion based on GIS and real-time weather data[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Technology:Natural Science Edition(南京工业大学学报:自然科学版),2009,31(3):23-26.
[8]YI Gaoxiang(易高翔),YANG Chunsheng(杨春生),MA Liangjun(马良俊),et al.Research and implementation of treatment system for leakage and diffusion of hazardous material based on GIS[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2008,4(5):70-73.
[9]MA Liangjun(马良俊),WEI Lijun(魏利军),YI Gaoxiang(易高翔),et al.Research on hazardous materials emergency decisionmaking support software system[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2009,5(5):23-26.
[10]WEI Lijun(魏利军).Emergency response software and hardware systems for chemical incidents[J].Modern Occupational Safety(现代职业安全),2010(1):41-43.
[11]TAUSSEF S M,SUGANYA R,ABBASI T,et al.Chemical accident simulation tool(CAST):a system for assessing consequences of accidents in chemical process industry[J].Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention,2018,18:101-116.
[12]LI Jun(李军),LI Qingqi(李庆奇),HE Chengqiang(贺城墙),et al.Study on emergency response for leakage accident of dangerous chemical gas based on GIS[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2017,13(11):66-72.
[13]ZHENG Yuanpan(郑远攀).Review of research on mathematical model of dispersion of industrial hazardous materials[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2008,8(3):106-110.
[14]PAN Xuhai(潘旭海).Theoretical and experimental study on dynamics process for accident of release(事故性泄漏动力学过程的理论与实验研究)[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Technology,2004.
[15]YANG Jun(杨军),YANG Yusheng(杨玉胜).An optimized method for discriminating the critical boundary of the dangerous zone in hazardous chemical leakage accidents[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2014,14(6):32-35.
[16]HUANG Yanbo(黄沿波),LIANG Dong(梁栋),LI Jianfeng(李剑锋),et al.On the classification methods of heavy gas dispersion models[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering(安全与环境工程),2008,15(4):71-76.
[17]VAN DEN BOSCH C J H,WETERINGS R A P M.Method for the calculation of physical effects-due to releases of hazardous materials(liquids and gases)[R].Den Haag,Netherland:Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat,2005.
[18]JONES R,LEHR W,SIMECEK-BEATTY D,et al.Technical documentation,ALOHA 5.4.4[R].Seattle,Washington:Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,2013.
[19]WANG Xuan(王炫).Research on a GIS-based environmental risk forecast and assessment information system of hazardous chemicals(基于GIS的危险化学品泄漏事故环境风险预测与评价信息支持系统研究)[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2009.
[20]DONG Xiaoyan(董晓燕),YANG Qunshan(杨群山),WANGChao(王超).Toxic gas leakage and diffusion simulation of the earthquake secondary damage based on Arc GIS[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Reduction(防震减灾学报),2013,29(2):1-4.
[21]CHEN Guohua(陈国华),ZHANG Jing(张静),ZHANG Hui(张晖),et al.Application of WEBGIS to non-heavy gas cloud diffusion simulation[J].Natural Gas Industry(天然气工业),2006,26(10):140-144.
[22]CAI Le(蔡乐).Research on atmosphere diffusion simulation of spilled liquid gas based on GIS(基于GIS的液化气船泄漏事故大气扩散模拟研究)[D].Dalian:Dalian Maritime University,2005.
[23]LIN Yiping(林益平).An application in environmental protection system based on integration of temporal-GIS and atmospheric dispersion model of toxic chemical(危化品泄漏扩散模型与时态GIS整合研究及其在环保系统中的应用)[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2009.