不同因素对互叶白千层精油化学组分的影响
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摘要
本文采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)仪研究了互叶白千层枝条的成熟度、热风干燥及物料状态对其精油化学组分的影响。结果表明:从互叶白千层嫩叶提取的精油中烯醇类物质的含量比老叶中的含量高,烯类物质含量比老叶中低;热风干燥导致精油中松油烯-4-醇含量降低,1,8-桉叶素含量增加,其它组分没有明显变化规律;物料发酵后,烯醇类物质含量降低,烯类物质及1,8-桉叶素含量增加。因此,互叶白千层加工过程中,为了获得高品质的精油,需要根据枝条的生长情况把握好收割时间,同时收割好物料及时进行加工,避免堆积引起发酵,在生产能力较小的时候,可以适当将物料进行干燥处理,延长加工时间,缓解生产压力。
The influences of the branches maturity,the hot air drying and material status on the chemical compositions of Melaleuca ahemifolia oil were studied by GC-MS.The results showed that the contents of olefinic alcohol in essential oil extracted from immature leaves of Melaleuca ahemifolia was higher than that in old leaves,and the contents of alkene was lower than that in old leaves.After the material was dried by hot air,the contents of terpineol-4-ol in essential was reduced,the contents of 1,8-cineole was increased,and the other components had no obvious changes.After the material fermentation,the contents of enols decreased,the content of alkenes and 1,8-eucalyptol increased.Therefore,in order to obtain high-quality essential oil in the progress of processing leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia,it was necessary to grasp the harvest time according to the growth condition of branches.At the same time,the harvested materials were processed in time to avoid accumulation and fermentation.When the production capacity was small,the materials could be properly dried to prolong the processing time and relieve the production pressure.
The influences of the branches maturity,the hot air drying and material status on the chemical compositions of Melaleuca ahemifolia oil were studied by GC-MS.The results showed that the contents of olefinic alcohol in essential oil extracted from immature leaves of Melaleuca ahemifolia was higher than that in old leaves,and the contents of alkene was lower than that in old leaves.After the material was dried by hot air,the contents of terpineol-4-ol in essential was reduced,the contents of 1,8-cineole was increased,and the other components had no obvious changes.After the material fermentation,the contents of enols decreased,the content of alkenes and 1,8-eucalyptol increased.Therefore,in order to obtain high-quality essential oil in the progress of processing leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia,it was necessary to grasp the harvest time according to the growth condition of branches.At the same time,the harvested materials were processed in time to avoid accumulation and fermentation.When the production capacity was small,the materials could be properly dried to prolong the processing time and relieve the production pressure.
引文
[1]黄戈,翁晓晨,张帆,等.互叶白千层的种植和加工研究进展[J].广东化工,2017(4):71-73.
[2]Hammer K A,Carson C F,Riley T V.Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia(tea tree)oil[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2003,95:53-860.
[3]Kim H J,Chen F,Wu C,et al.Evaluation of antioxidant activity of australian tea tree(Melaleuca alternifolia)oil and its components[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(10):2849-2854.
[4]Rudbck J,Bergstr9m M A,B9rje A,et al.α-Terpinene,an antioxidant in tea tree oil,autoxidizes rapidly to skin allergens on air exposure[J].Chemical Research in Toxicology,2012,25(3):713-721.
[5]Hu Y,Yao L,Huang J,et al.Antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil against acne bacterias[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University Agricultural Science,2011,29(1):88-92.
[6]Raman A,Weir U,Bloomfield S F.Antimicrobial effects of tea-tree oil and its major components on Staphylococcus aureus,Staph.epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,1995,21(4):242-245.
[7]Cox S D,Gustafson J E,Mann C M,et al.Tea tree oil causes K+leakage and inhibits respiration in Escherichia coli[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2010,26(5):355-358.
[8]Gustafson J E,Liew Y C,Chew S,et al.Effects of tea tree oil on Escherichia coli[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2010,26(3):194-198.
[9]Satchell A C,Saurajen A,Bell C,et al.Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis with 25%and 50%tea tree oil solution:Arandomized,placebo-controlled,blinded study[J].Australasian Journal of Dermatology,2002,43(3):175-178.
[10]Tong M M,Altman P M,Barnetson R S.Tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis[J].Australasian Journal of Dermatology,2010,33(3):145-149.
[11]邵兴锋,曹保英,王鸿飞,等.茶树精油的生物活性及其在对虾保鲜中的应用[J].江苏农业学报,2013(1):172-177.
[12]邵兴锋,程赛,王鸿飞,等.茶树精油熏蒸处理保鲜草莓的工艺优化[J].农业工程学报,2012(19):279-286.
[13]余丹丹,邵兴锋,许凤,等.茶树精油在果实采后保鲜中的作用及其机制研究进展[J].果树学报,2014(2):313-319.
[14]柴玲,刘布鸣,何开家,等.万家辉柔枝互叶白千层生长量及其挥发油含量动态研究[J].香料香精化妆品,2015(2):5-7.
[15]弓宝,陈德力,赵祥升,等.茶树油提取工艺及其理化性质的研究[J].中国医药科学,2015(23):72-74.
[16]GB 1886.270-2016食品安全国家标准食品添加剂茶树油(又名互叶白千层油)[S].
[17]ISO-4790-2004,Oil of Melaleuca,terpinen-4-ol type(Tea Tree oil)[S].
[18]袁源,周伟,付云飞,等.气相色谱-质谱联用法结合保留指数对高良姜挥发油成分的分析[J].分析测试学报,2016(6):692-697.
[19]苏越,王呈仲,郭寅龙.基于准确质量测定和保留指数的GC-MS分析薄荷挥发性成分[J].化学学报,2009(6):546-554.
[20]王昊阳,郭寅龙,张正行,等.自动化静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱对天然香精中挥发性化学成分的快速分析[J].分析测试学报,2004(1):9-13.
[21]袁源,林丽静,黄晓兵,等.不同年份高良姜挥发油成分分析及其指纹图谱的研究[J].食品科学,2018,39(14):263-267.
[2]Hammer K A,Carson C F,Riley T V.Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia(tea tree)oil[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2003,95:53-860.
[3]Kim H J,Chen F,Wu C,et al.Evaluation of antioxidant activity of australian tea tree(Melaleuca alternifolia)oil and its components[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2004,52(10):2849-2854.
[4]Rudbck J,Bergstr9m M A,B9rje A,et al.α-Terpinene,an antioxidant in tea tree oil,autoxidizes rapidly to skin allergens on air exposure[J].Chemical Research in Toxicology,2012,25(3):713-721.
[5]Hu Y,Yao L,Huang J,et al.Antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil against acne bacterias[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University Agricultural Science,2011,29(1):88-92.
[6]Raman A,Weir U,Bloomfield S F.Antimicrobial effects of tea-tree oil and its major components on Staphylococcus aureus,Staph.epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,1995,21(4):242-245.
[7]Cox S D,Gustafson J E,Mann C M,et al.Tea tree oil causes K+leakage and inhibits respiration in Escherichia coli[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2010,26(5):355-358.
[8]Gustafson J E,Liew Y C,Chew S,et al.Effects of tea tree oil on Escherichia coli[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2010,26(3):194-198.
[9]Satchell A C,Saurajen A,Bell C,et al.Treatment of interdigital tinea pedis with 25%and 50%tea tree oil solution:Arandomized,placebo-controlled,blinded study[J].Australasian Journal of Dermatology,2002,43(3):175-178.
[10]Tong M M,Altman P M,Barnetson R S.Tea tree oil in the treatment of tinea pedis[J].Australasian Journal of Dermatology,2010,33(3):145-149.
[11]邵兴锋,曹保英,王鸿飞,等.茶树精油的生物活性及其在对虾保鲜中的应用[J].江苏农业学报,2013(1):172-177.
[12]邵兴锋,程赛,王鸿飞,等.茶树精油熏蒸处理保鲜草莓的工艺优化[J].农业工程学报,2012(19):279-286.
[13]余丹丹,邵兴锋,许凤,等.茶树精油在果实采后保鲜中的作用及其机制研究进展[J].果树学报,2014(2):313-319.
[14]柴玲,刘布鸣,何开家,等.万家辉柔枝互叶白千层生长量及其挥发油含量动态研究[J].香料香精化妆品,2015(2):5-7.
[15]弓宝,陈德力,赵祥升,等.茶树油提取工艺及其理化性质的研究[J].中国医药科学,2015(23):72-74.
[16]GB 1886.270-2016食品安全国家标准食品添加剂茶树油(又名互叶白千层油)[S].
[17]ISO-4790-2004,Oil of Melaleuca,terpinen-4-ol type(Tea Tree oil)[S].
[18]袁源,周伟,付云飞,等.气相色谱-质谱联用法结合保留指数对高良姜挥发油成分的分析[J].分析测试学报,2016(6):692-697.
[19]苏越,王呈仲,郭寅龙.基于准确质量测定和保留指数的GC-MS分析薄荷挥发性成分[J].化学学报,2009(6):546-554.
[20]王昊阳,郭寅龙,张正行,等.自动化静态顶空-气相色谱-质谱对天然香精中挥发性化学成分的快速分析[J].分析测试学报,2004(1):9-13.
[21]袁源,林丽静,黄晓兵,等.不同年份高良姜挥发油成分分析及其指纹图谱的研究[J].食品科学,2018,39(14):263-267.