“国性之自觉”:钱基博国学观念的内涵与特点
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摘要
在近代学人中,钱基博的国学观念比较独特,他对传统文化有着高度认同,突出民族文化的主体意识,认为"国学"是"国性的自觉",是中华民族固有的精神特质,集中体现在孔孟之道,精神要义在仁义之中,看似"保守",却主张打通新旧中西,才能更好地认识传统文化。通过检视钱基博的国学观念,可以窥见新文化风潮下一个忠于旧传统的民族主义者对中国文化的认知和选择,了解更多不同的文化面向。
Among the modern scholars, Qian Ji-bo's concept of Chinese traditional culture is quite unique. He has a high recognition of traditional culture and highlights the subjective consciousness of national culture. He believes that "Chinese traditional culture" is the inherent spirit of the Chinese nation, thus "the consciousness of the country", which is concentrated on the path of Confucius and Mencius with its spiritual essence as the benevolence and righteousness. It seems to be "conservative", but it is advocating to open up the new and the old, the Chinese and the Western for better understanding our traditional culture. By examining Qian Ji-bo's concept of Chinese traditional culture, one can see the cognition and choice of a Chinese nationalist who is loyal to the old traditions under the new cultural trend and thus understand more different cultural orientations.
Among the modern scholars, Qian Ji-bo's concept of Chinese traditional culture is quite unique. He has a high recognition of traditional culture and highlights the subjective consciousness of national culture. He believes that "Chinese traditional culture" is the inherent spirit of the Chinese nation, thus "the consciousness of the country", which is concentrated on the path of Confucius and Mencius with its spiritual essence as the benevolence and righteousness. It seems to be "conservative", but it is advocating to open up the new and the old, the Chinese and the Western for better understanding our traditional culture. By examining Qian Ji-bo's concept of Chinese traditional culture, one can see the cognition and choice of a Chinese nationalist who is loyal to the old traditions under the new cultural trend and thus understand more different cultural orientations.
引文
[1] 钱基博.国学文选类纂总序[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014.
[2] 钱基博.国学之意义及治国学方法之评判[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013.
[3] 钱基博.孔子圣诞演说[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:6.
[4] 钱基博.《国学必读》序言[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:55.
[5] 陈云昊.“以国性救国势”:钱基博的学术旨归[J].求索,2018(1).
[6] 束赟.武以载道:钱基博的兵学思想[N].文汇报,2018-2-2(9).
[7] 钱基博.何谓国学[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:102-104.
[8] 黄节.国粹学报叙[M]//桑兵.国学的历史.北京:国家图书馆出版社,2010:17.
[9] 邓实.鸡鸣风雨楼独立书·语言文字独立[N].政艺通报,1903(24).
[10] 梁启超.论中国学术思想变迁之大势[M]//饮冰室合集:文集之七.北京:中华书局,1989:3.
[11] 钱基博.学生与孔子[M]//钱基博集:潜庐诗文存稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:551.
[12] 钱基博.为人师者何以处国难——第二次纪念周与学生讲话[M]//钱基博集:潜庐经世文编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:97.
[13] 钱基博.论语孟子约纂[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:18.
[14] 钱基博.孟子约纂[M]//钱基博集:子部论稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:172.
[15] 钱基博.《论语孟子约纂》叙例[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:17.
[16] 陈来.中华文明的核心价值[M].北京:三联书店,2015.
[17] 梁启超.国学入门书要目及其读法及治国学杂话[M]//胡适文存:二集.上海:亚东图书馆,1934.
[18] 钱基博.怎样做一个光华学生[M]//钱基博集:潜庐诗文存稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:71.
[19] 钱基博.钱基博集·现代中国文学史[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2011:6-7.
[20] 钱基博.某社存古小学教学意见[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:11.
[21] 傅宏星.钱基博年谱[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2007:60.
[22] 钱基博.《无锡县立图书馆乡贤部书目》序[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:166-167.
[23] 钱基博.国学历代变异问题[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:20-26.
[24] 钱基博.孔子圣诞演说[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:7.
[25] 钱基博.复裘葆良先生书[M]//钱基博集:潜庐诗文存稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:283-284.
[26] 钱基博.我听杜威博士演讲之讨论[M]//钱基博集:精忠柏石室教育文选.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:34.
[27] 钱基博.中国古代学者治学的方法[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:27-31.
[28] 钱基博.自我之检讨[M]//钱基博集:精忠柏石室教育文选.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:263,265.
[29] 郭齐勇.中国文化精神特质[M].北京:中华书局,2018:101,107.
[30] 刘梦溪.学术与传统[M].北京:时代华文书局,2017:1039.
[31] 韦政通.人文主义的力量[M].北京:中华书局,2011:4.
(1)参见汤红兵:《试论钱基博的国学分类思想》,载王玉德编《钱基博学术研究》,华中师范大学出版社2008年5月版;傅宏星:《钱基博国学观及其特色》,《长沙理工大学学报》(社会科学版),2013年第5期等研究。
[2] 钱基博.国学之意义及治国学方法之评判[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013.
[3] 钱基博.孔子圣诞演说[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:6.
[4] 钱基博.《国学必读》序言[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:55.
[5] 陈云昊.“以国性救国势”:钱基博的学术旨归[J].求索,2018(1).
[6] 束赟.武以载道:钱基博的兵学思想[N].文汇报,2018-2-2(9).
[7] 钱基博.何谓国学[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:102-104.
[8] 黄节.国粹学报叙[M]//桑兵.国学的历史.北京:国家图书馆出版社,2010:17.
[9] 邓实.鸡鸣风雨楼独立书·语言文字独立[N].政艺通报,1903(24).
[10] 梁启超.论中国学术思想变迁之大势[M]//饮冰室合集:文集之七.北京:中华书局,1989:3.
[11] 钱基博.学生与孔子[M]//钱基博集:潜庐诗文存稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:551.
[12] 钱基博.为人师者何以处国难——第二次纪念周与学生讲话[M]//钱基博集:潜庐经世文编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:97.
[13] 钱基博.论语孟子约纂[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:18.
[14] 钱基博.孟子约纂[M]//钱基博集:子部论稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:172.
[15] 钱基博.《论语孟子约纂》叙例[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:17.
[16] 陈来.中华文明的核心价值[M].北京:三联书店,2015.
[17] 梁启超.国学入门书要目及其读法及治国学杂话[M]//胡适文存:二集.上海:亚东图书馆,1934.
[18] 钱基博.怎样做一个光华学生[M]//钱基博集:潜庐诗文存稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:71.
[19] 钱基博.钱基博集·现代中国文学史[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2011:6-7.
[20] 钱基博.某社存古小学教学意见[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:11.
[21] 傅宏星.钱基博年谱[M].武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2007:60.
[22] 钱基博.《无锡县立图书馆乡贤部书目》序[M]//钱基博集:序跋合编.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:166-167.
[23] 钱基博.国学历代变异问题[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:20-26.
[24] 钱基博.孔子圣诞演说[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:7.
[25] 钱基博.复裘葆良先生书[M]//钱基博集:潜庐诗文存稿.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2016:283-284.
[26] 钱基博.我听杜威博士演讲之讨论[M]//钱基博集:精忠柏石室教育文选.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:34.
[27] 钱基博.中国古代学者治学的方法[M]//钱基博集:国学文选类纂.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2013:27-31.
[28] 钱基博.自我之检讨[M]//钱基博集:精忠柏石室教育文选.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2014:263,265.
[29] 郭齐勇.中国文化精神特质[M].北京:中华书局,2018:101,107.
[30] 刘梦溪.学术与传统[M].北京:时代华文书局,2017:1039.
[31] 韦政通.人文主义的力量[M].北京:中华书局,2011:4.
(1)参见汤红兵:《试论钱基博的国学分类思想》,载王玉德编《钱基博学术研究》,华中师范大学出版社2008年5月版;傅宏星:《钱基博国学观及其特色》,《长沙理工大学学报》(社会科学版),2013年第5期等研究。