减量施肥对化感水稻抑草效果及产量和品质的影响
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摘要
以具有化感特性的化感稻3号、化两优3号、华珍优3号、农珍优3号和常规稻航美香占为材料,在大田试验条件下分析了减量施肥对化感水稻抑草效果以及对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,适当减少施肥量可提高水稻产量,改善稻米品质;4个具有化感特性的品种对稻田杂草数量和生物量的抑草作用均随肥料用量的减少而增强,其中,化感稻3号减肥20%,化两优3号、华珍优3号和农珍优3号减肥30%时禾本科和阔叶杂草均较常规施肥小区显著减少,稻谷产量与对照相比没有显著差异,稻米加工品质和外观品质提高。
The experiment was conducted under different fertilizer levels to explore the combined effects from allelopathy and the reduced use of fertilizers, with Allelopathy rice 3, Hualiangyou 3, Huazhenyou 3, Nongzhenyou 3 and Hangmeixiangzhan as materials.The results showed that a moderate amount of reducing fertilizer could increase yield and improve quality of rice, the four rice materi-als with allelopathy characteristics could cause the inhibition of paddy weeds number and biomass, the suppression effect was increas-ing with the decreased of fertilizer, the Allelopathy rice 3 and Hualiangyou 3 with fertilizer decrease 20% compared with conventional fertilization use could obviously reduce gramineae and broad-leaved weeds, and keep yield and improve quality, the same as Huazhenyou 3 and Nongzhenyou 3 with fertilizer decrease 30%.
The experiment was conducted under different fertilizer levels to explore the combined effects from allelopathy and the reduced use of fertilizers, with Allelopathy rice 3, Hualiangyou 3, Huazhenyou 3, Nongzhenyou 3 and Hangmeixiangzhan as materials.The results showed that a moderate amount of reducing fertilizer could increase yield and improve quality of rice, the four rice materi-als with allelopathy characteristics could cause the inhibition of paddy weeds number and biomass, the suppression effect was increas-ing with the decreased of fertilizer, the Allelopathy rice 3 and Hualiangyou 3 with fertilizer decrease 20% compared with conventional fertilization use could obviously reduce gramineae and broad-leaved weeds, and keep yield and improve quality, the same as Huazhenyou 3 and Nongzhenyou 3 with fertilizer decrease 30%.
引文
[1]周锡跃,徐春春,李凤博,等.世界水稻产业发展现状、趋势及对我国的启示[J].农业现代化研究,2010,31(5):525-528.
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[11]胡飞,孔垂华,徐效华,等.水稻化感材料的抑草作用及其机制[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(8):1 160-1 165.
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[14]林文雄,何海斌,熊君,等.水稻化感作用及其分子生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2 687-2 694.
[15]周勇军,李迪,陆永良,等.水稻品种化感潜力的双重评价与筛选[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1 599-1 603.
[16]孔垂华,胡飞,陈雄辉,等.作物化感品种资源的评价利用[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1 159-1 164.
[17]钟旭华,黄农荣,欧杰文,等.实地养分管理技术(SSNM)在华南双季晚稻上的应用效果[J].中国稻米,2006,12(6):34-36.
[18]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波.华南双季杂交稻氮素养分消耗量及其影响因素研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):569-576.
[19]何健灵,李茂禾,廖美敬,等.增城市水稻测土配方施肥田间肥效试验应用效果[J].广东农业科学,2009(4):54-56.
[20]钟旭华,梁向明,黄农荣,等.水稻化肥减量化栽培技术规范[J].广东农业科学,2010(12):71-72.
[21]朱德峰.水稻异株克生作用-稻田杂草防治新途径[J].中国稻米,1996,2(6):34-35.
[2]彭少兵,黄见良,钟旭华,等.提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1 095-1 103.
[3]赵春凤.化学除草剂污染的分析与治理[J].北方水稻,2011,42(1):60-61.
[4]朱兆良.中国土壤氮素肥力与农业中的氮素管理[M]//沈善敏.中国土壤肥力.北京:科学出版社,1999:160-211.
[5]莫钊文,李武,段美洋,等.减氮对华南早晚兼用型水稻产量、品质及氮吸收利用的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2014,42(9):83-90.
[6]张朝贤,钱益新,胡祥恩.农田化学除草与可持续发展农业[J].农药,1998,37(4):8-13.
[7]Ju X T,Xing G X,Chen X P,et al.Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2009,106(9):3 041-3 046.
[8]李录久,王家嘉,李东平,等.减量施氮对水稻生长和肥料利用效率的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(1):99-100.
[9]李贵,吴竞仑,王一专,等.不同水稻品种抑制杂草潜力的田间评价[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(5):965-971.
[10]徐正浩,谢国雄,周宇杰,等.不同株型和化感作用特性水稻对3种稻田主要杂草的干扰控制作用[J].作物学报,2013,39(7):1 293-1 302.
[11]胡飞,孔垂华,徐效华,等.水稻化感材料的抑草作用及其机制[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(8):1 160-1 165.
[12]Gibson K D,Hill J E,Foin T C,et al.Water-seeded rice cultivars differ in ability to interfere with watergrass[J].Agron J,2001,93(2):326-332.
[13]Johnson D E,Dingkuhn M,Jones M P,et al.The influence of rice plant type on the elect of weed competition[J].Weed Res,1998,38:207-216.
[14]林文雄,何海斌,熊君,等.水稻化感作用及其分子生态学研究进展[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2 687-2 694.
[15]周勇军,李迪,陆永良,等.水稻品种化感潜力的双重评价与筛选[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1 599-1 603.
[16]孔垂华,胡飞,陈雄辉,等.作物化感品种资源的评价利用[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(9):1 159-1 164.
[17]钟旭华,黄农荣,欧杰文,等.实地养分管理技术(SSNM)在华南双季晚稻上的应用效果[J].中国稻米,2006,12(6):34-36.
[18]钟旭华,黄农荣,郑海波.华南双季杂交稻氮素养分消耗量及其影响因素研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):569-576.
[19]何健灵,李茂禾,廖美敬,等.增城市水稻测土配方施肥田间肥效试验应用效果[J].广东农业科学,2009(4):54-56.
[20]钟旭华,梁向明,黄农荣,等.水稻化肥减量化栽培技术规范[J].广东农业科学,2010(12):71-72.
[21]朱德峰.水稻异株克生作用-稻田杂草防治新途径[J].中国稻米,1996,2(6):34-35.