农艺措施和除草剂用量对化感稻产量及杂草生物量的影响
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摘要
为实现水稻生产减施除草剂的目标,将化感材料与农艺措施相结合取得对稻田杂草有效控制的效果,田间采用再裂区试验法研究了化感稻3号和N两优201两个水稻化感材料和非化感材料五山丝苗在不同水分管理、移栽密度和除草剂不同用量下,对水稻产量和田间杂草生物量的影响。结果表明:无论早季稻田还是晚季稻田,施用常规除草剂量的小区杂草生物量均为0,施用常规剂量50%除草剂且仅在孕穗期晒田的小区和常规密度小区有少量杂草发生。不施除草剂的水稻材料小区杂草生物量依次为化感稻3号稻材料孕穗期不晒田比晒田处理、高密度比常规密度处理的杂草生物量小。早季稻田不晒田和高密度提高了水稻的产量,晚季稻田则相反。化感材料化感稻3号和N两优201在田间的抑草效果较五山丝苗要好。在水稻生产中,水稻化感材料结合农艺措施,可以实现水稻不减产,田间杂草得到有效控制,除草剂量减50%的目标。
In order to reduce herbicides in rice production, rice allelopathy combined with agronomic measures were used to conduct split-split plot experiments, and the effects on yields of allelopathic rice and biomass of weeds in fields were investigated by using three rice materials, including Allelopathic rice no. 3, N liangyou 201, and non-allelopathic rice Wushansimiao, two water levels(no water layer, 2-6 cm water layers above the soil surface during rice booting stage), two transplanting densities(local conventional density and high density) and three levels of herbicide application(local application level, 50%of local application level, and no herbicides). The results showed that the biomass of weeds in plots of local application level was zero both in early and late rice, but there was a small biomass of weeds with no water layer in local conventional density under 50% of local application level. Weed biomass could be arranged in the order from low to high as followed: Allelopathic rice no. 3, Hualianyou201, Wushansimiao in non-herbicide plots. When the same rice material was transplanted for 75 d in non-herbicide plots,weed biomass in plots of each rice material with 2-6 cm water layers was smaller than that in plots without water layer, and it was lower in high-density plots than in plots of local conventional density.Yields of rice were increased both in plots with 2-6 cm water layers and of high density in early rice,but it was the opposite in late rice. The weed-suppression effects of allelopathic materials(Allelopathic rice no. 3 and N liangyou 201) were better than that of Wushansimiao in the fields. In rice production,allelopathic rice materials combined with agronomic measures could maintain yields and reduce herbicide usage by 50% at the same time and realize effective control of weeds in fields.
In order to reduce herbicides in rice production, rice allelopathy combined with agronomic measures were used to conduct split-split plot experiments, and the effects on yields of allelopathic rice and biomass of weeds in fields were investigated by using three rice materials, including Allelopathic rice no. 3, N liangyou 201, and non-allelopathic rice Wushansimiao, two water levels(no water layer, 2-6 cm water layers above the soil surface during rice booting stage), two transplanting densities(local conventional density and high density) and three levels of herbicide application(local application level, 50%of local application level, and no herbicides). The results showed that the biomass of weeds in plots of local application level was zero both in early and late rice, but there was a small biomass of weeds with no water layer in local conventional density under 50% of local application level. Weed biomass could be arranged in the order from low to high as followed: Allelopathic rice no. 3, Hualianyou201, Wushansimiao in non-herbicide plots. When the same rice material was transplanted for 75 d in non-herbicide plots,weed biomass in plots of each rice material with 2-6 cm water layers was smaller than that in plots without water layer, and it was lower in high-density plots than in plots of local conventional density.Yields of rice were increased both in plots with 2-6 cm water layers and of high density in early rice,but it was the opposite in late rice. The weed-suppression effects of allelopathic materials(Allelopathic rice no. 3 and N liangyou 201) were better than that of Wushansimiao in the fields. In rice production,allelopathic rice materials combined with agronomic measures could maintain yields and reduce herbicide usage by 50% at the same time and realize effective control of weeds in fields.
引文
Amb MK,Ahluwalia AS.2016.Allelopathy:potential role to achieve new milestones in rice cultivation.Rice Science,23(4):165-183
Chen L,Huang Y.2012.Causes of the application of herbicides in corn fields and their impact on agro-environmental analysis and preventive control.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,29(1):23-25(in Chinese)[陈利,黄毅.2012.玉米田施用除草剂药害及影响农业生态环境原因分析与预防控制.农业资源与环境学报,29(1):23-25]
Chen YL,Liu GX,Lu JX,Meng ZJ,Li XY,Tang HY,Liang JW.2007.Analysis of the reasons for the emergence of herbicides in rice and the control measures.Hunan Agricultural Sciences,(4):135-137(in Chinese)[陈有良,刘干贤,卢建祥,孟正军,李锴员,汤和阳,梁建文.2007.水稻除草剂药害发生原因分析及治理对策探讨.湖南农业科学,(4):135-137]
Dass A,Shekhawat K,Choudhary AK,Sepat S,Rathore SS,Mahajan G,Chauhan BS.2017.Weed management in rice using crop competition-a review.Crop Protection,95:45-52
Jiang YH,Zhang HC,Zhao K,Xu JW,Wei HH,Long HY,Wang WT,Dai QG,Huo ZY,Xu K,et al.2014.Different in yield and its components characteristics of different type rice cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Chinese Journal of Rice Science,28(6):621-631(in Chinese)[姜元华,张洪程,赵可,许俊伟,韦还和,龙厚元,王文婷,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,等.2014.长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究.中国水稻科学,28(6):621-631]
Li G,Wu JL,Wang YZ,Liu LP.2010.Field evaluation of suppressive effect of different rice varieties on weeds in paddy field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,43(5):965-971(in Chinese)[李贵,吴竞仑,王一专,刘丽萍.2010.不同水稻品种抑制杂草潜力的田间评价.中国农业科学,43(5):965-971]
Li HB,Hou SG,Dai GJ,Yu GX,Chen Y,Zhao Q,Fu L,Ma L.2011.Review of the study on interspecific competitive relationship of rice and barnyardgrass.China Agricultural Science Bulletin,27(15):259-262(in Chinese)[李海波,侯守贵,代贵金,于广星,陈盈,赵琦,付亮,马亮.2011.水稻和稗草种间竞争关系研究现状.中国农学通报,27(15):259-262]
Liang JF,Zhou HK.2017.Comparative analysis on cost and benefit of rice production in Guangdong.China Rice,23(1):60-64(in Chinese)[梁俊芬,周怀康.2017.广东水稻生产成本收益比较分析.中国稻米,23(1):60-64]
Liu YH,Zhang GQ,Zeng RS,Min A.2007.Simulating the effect of allelopathic crop density on weeds population.Journal of Biomathematics,22(3):565-568(in Chinese)[刘迎湖,张国权,曾任森,Min An.2007.模拟化感作物种植密度对杂草种群数量的作用.生物数学学报,22(3):565-568]
Lu YF,Ren YF,Liu D,Zhang YC,He JY.2016.Effect of different water managements on growth,grain yield and quality of rice.Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,22(1):106-110(in Chinese)[吕银斐,任艳芳,刘冬,张艳超,何俊瑜.2016.不同水分管理方式对水稻生长、产量及品质的影响.天津农业科学,22(1):106-110]
Ni H,Robles RP.2004.Analysis of competition between wet-seeded rice and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli)using a responsesurface model.Weed Science,52(1):142-146
Pan SG,Huang SQ,Jiang Y,Cai ML,Cao CG,Tang XR,Li GX.2011.Effects of rice seedling age and transplanting density on the biological characteristics of rice.North China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,26(3):134-138(in Chinese)[潘圣刚,黄胜奇,江洋,蔡明历,曹凑贵,唐湘如,黎国喜.2011.秧龄和栽插密度对水稻生物学特性的影响.华北农学报,26(3):134-138]
Peng L,Li Q,Ji JH,Lin FY,Hu F.2017.Control effect and influence factors of paddy weeds in Guangdong Province.Plant Protection,43(4):158-166(in Chinese)[彭亮,李奇,姬静华,林芳源,胡飞.2017.广东省稻田杂草控制效果及影响因素.植物保护,43(4):158-166]
Rao AN,Johnson DE,Sivaprasad B,Ladha K,Mortimer AM.2007.Weed management in direct-seeded rice.Advances in Agronomy,93:153-255
Sun B,Su BQ,Guo W,Wang GJ,Zhou B.2017.Differences between allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice in responses to competiting barnyardgrass.Ecological and Environmental Sciences,26(3):371-378(in Chinese)[孙备,苏本卿,郭伟,王国骄,周斌.2017.水稻化感品种和非化感品种对稗草伴生的响应差异.生态环境学报,26(3):371-378]
Wu JL,Li YF.2004.Effects of water depths on the growth of rice and chemical weed control efficacy in paddy fields.Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,20(3):173-179(in Chinese)[吴竞仑,李永丰.2004.水层深度对稻田杂草化除效果及水稻生长的影响.江苏农业学报,20(3):173-179]
Xu ZH,Wang YP,Yu LQ,Mortimer AM.2004.Effects of rice transplanting density and early irrigation management on barnyardgrass ecological control.Chinese Journal of Ecology,23(4):41-43(in Chinese)[徐正浩,王一平,余柳青,A.Martin Mortimer.2004.水稻移栽密度和早期水管理对无芒稗生态控制效果的影响.生态学杂志,23(4):41-43]
Yang JC,Liu K,Wang ZQ,Du Y,Zhang JH.2007.Water-saving and high-yielding irrigation for lowland rice by controlling limitingvalues of soil water potential.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,49(10):1445-1454
Zhang H,Ju CX,Chen TT,Cao ZQ,Wang ZQ,Yang JC.2012.Effect of water-saving irrigation on the grain yield of water-saving and drought-resistance rice and its physiological bases.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,45(23):4782-4793(in Chinese)[张耗,剧成欣,陈婷婷,曹转勤,王志琴,杨建昌.2012.节水灌溉对节水抗旱水稻品种产量的影响及生理基础.中国农业科学,45(23):4782-4793]
Zhang H,Zhang SF,Yang JC,Zhang JH,Wang ZQ.2008.Post anthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield.Agronomy Journal,100(3):726-734
Zhao YX,Yang HM.2015.Effects of crop pattern,tillage practice and water and fertilizer management on weeds and their control mechanisms.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,24(8):199-210(in Chinese)[赵玉信,杨惠敏.2015.作物格局、土壤耕作和水肥管理对农田杂草发生的影响及其调控机制.草业学报,24(8):199-210]
Chen L,Huang Y.2012.Causes of the application of herbicides in corn fields and their impact on agro-environmental analysis and preventive control.Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment,29(1):23-25(in Chinese)[陈利,黄毅.2012.玉米田施用除草剂药害及影响农业生态环境原因分析与预防控制.农业资源与环境学报,29(1):23-25]
Chen YL,Liu GX,Lu JX,Meng ZJ,Li XY,Tang HY,Liang JW.2007.Analysis of the reasons for the emergence of herbicides in rice and the control measures.Hunan Agricultural Sciences,(4):135-137(in Chinese)[陈有良,刘干贤,卢建祥,孟正军,李锴员,汤和阳,梁建文.2007.水稻除草剂药害发生原因分析及治理对策探讨.湖南农业科学,(4):135-137]
Dass A,Shekhawat K,Choudhary AK,Sepat S,Rathore SS,Mahajan G,Chauhan BS.2017.Weed management in rice using crop competition-a review.Crop Protection,95:45-52
Jiang YH,Zhang HC,Zhao K,Xu JW,Wei HH,Long HY,Wang WT,Dai QG,Huo ZY,Xu K,et al.2014.Different in yield and its components characteristics of different type rice cultivars in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Chinese Journal of Rice Science,28(6):621-631(in Chinese)[姜元华,张洪程,赵可,许俊伟,韦还和,龙厚元,王文婷,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,等.2014.长江下游地区不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的研究.中国水稻科学,28(6):621-631]
Li G,Wu JL,Wang YZ,Liu LP.2010.Field evaluation of suppressive effect of different rice varieties on weeds in paddy field.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,43(5):965-971(in Chinese)[李贵,吴竞仑,王一专,刘丽萍.2010.不同水稻品种抑制杂草潜力的田间评价.中国农业科学,43(5):965-971]
Li HB,Hou SG,Dai GJ,Yu GX,Chen Y,Zhao Q,Fu L,Ma L.2011.Review of the study on interspecific competitive relationship of rice and barnyardgrass.China Agricultural Science Bulletin,27(15):259-262(in Chinese)[李海波,侯守贵,代贵金,于广星,陈盈,赵琦,付亮,马亮.2011.水稻和稗草种间竞争关系研究现状.中国农学通报,27(15):259-262]
Liang JF,Zhou HK.2017.Comparative analysis on cost and benefit of rice production in Guangdong.China Rice,23(1):60-64(in Chinese)[梁俊芬,周怀康.2017.广东水稻生产成本收益比较分析.中国稻米,23(1):60-64]
Liu YH,Zhang GQ,Zeng RS,Min A.2007.Simulating the effect of allelopathic crop density on weeds population.Journal of Biomathematics,22(3):565-568(in Chinese)[刘迎湖,张国权,曾任森,Min An.2007.模拟化感作物种植密度对杂草种群数量的作用.生物数学学报,22(3):565-568]
Lu YF,Ren YF,Liu D,Zhang YC,He JY.2016.Effect of different water managements on growth,grain yield and quality of rice.Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,22(1):106-110(in Chinese)[吕银斐,任艳芳,刘冬,张艳超,何俊瑜.2016.不同水分管理方式对水稻生长、产量及品质的影响.天津农业科学,22(1):106-110]
Ni H,Robles RP.2004.Analysis of competition between wet-seeded rice and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli)using a responsesurface model.Weed Science,52(1):142-146
Pan SG,Huang SQ,Jiang Y,Cai ML,Cao CG,Tang XR,Li GX.2011.Effects of rice seedling age and transplanting density on the biological characteristics of rice.North China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,26(3):134-138(in Chinese)[潘圣刚,黄胜奇,江洋,蔡明历,曹凑贵,唐湘如,黎国喜.2011.秧龄和栽插密度对水稻生物学特性的影响.华北农学报,26(3):134-138]
Peng L,Li Q,Ji JH,Lin FY,Hu F.2017.Control effect and influence factors of paddy weeds in Guangdong Province.Plant Protection,43(4):158-166(in Chinese)[彭亮,李奇,姬静华,林芳源,胡飞.2017.广东省稻田杂草控制效果及影响因素.植物保护,43(4):158-166]
Rao AN,Johnson DE,Sivaprasad B,Ladha K,Mortimer AM.2007.Weed management in direct-seeded rice.Advances in Agronomy,93:153-255
Sun B,Su BQ,Guo W,Wang GJ,Zhou B.2017.Differences between allelopathic and non-allelopathic rice in responses to competiting barnyardgrass.Ecological and Environmental Sciences,26(3):371-378(in Chinese)[孙备,苏本卿,郭伟,王国骄,周斌.2017.水稻化感品种和非化感品种对稗草伴生的响应差异.生态环境学报,26(3):371-378]
Wu JL,Li YF.2004.Effects of water depths on the growth of rice and chemical weed control efficacy in paddy fields.Journal of Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,20(3):173-179(in Chinese)[吴竞仑,李永丰.2004.水层深度对稻田杂草化除效果及水稻生长的影响.江苏农业学报,20(3):173-179]
Xu ZH,Wang YP,Yu LQ,Mortimer AM.2004.Effects of rice transplanting density and early irrigation management on barnyardgrass ecological control.Chinese Journal of Ecology,23(4):41-43(in Chinese)[徐正浩,王一平,余柳青,A.Martin Mortimer.2004.水稻移栽密度和早期水管理对无芒稗生态控制效果的影响.生态学杂志,23(4):41-43]
Yang JC,Liu K,Wang ZQ,Du Y,Zhang JH.2007.Water-saving and high-yielding irrigation for lowland rice by controlling limitingvalues of soil water potential.Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,49(10):1445-1454
Zhang H,Ju CX,Chen TT,Cao ZQ,Wang ZQ,Yang JC.2012.Effect of water-saving irrigation on the grain yield of water-saving and drought-resistance rice and its physiological bases.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,45(23):4782-4793(in Chinese)[张耗,剧成欣,陈婷婷,曹转勤,王志琴,杨建昌.2012.节水灌溉对节水抗旱水稻品种产量的影响及生理基础.中国农业科学,45(23):4782-4793]
Zhang H,Zhang SF,Yang JC,Zhang JH,Wang ZQ.2008.Post anthesis moderate wetting drying improves both quality and quantity of rice yield.Agronomy Journal,100(3):726-734
Zhao YX,Yang HM.2015.Effects of crop pattern,tillage practice and water and fertilizer management on weeds and their control mechanisms.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,24(8):199-210(in Chinese)[赵玉信,杨惠敏.2015.作物格局、土壤耕作和水肥管理对农田杂草发生的影响及其调控机制.草业学报,24(8):199-210]