宜昌城区霾与非霾天气下PM_(2.5)中12种元素污染特征比较
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摘要
目的了解宜昌城区霾与非霾天气下PM_(2.5)中元素污染特征,为本地区雾霾天气对人体健康效应的研究以及环保调控措施的制定提供科学依据。方法 2016年12月-2017年11月利用中流量采样器采集大气中PM_(2.5),电感耦合等离子体质谱检测铍、铝、铬、锰、镍、砷、硒、镉、锑、汞、铊和铅含量后,对12种元素霾与非霾天气下的差异进行比较。结果宜昌市大气中PM_(2.5)质量浓度的年均值为56. 4μg/m3,呈冬季(94. 0μg/m3)>春季(50. 6μg/m3)>秋季(36. 6μg/m3)>夏季(28. 1μg/m3)趋势; 12种元素中污染水平最高的是铝(141. 2 ng/m3),其次依次是铅(37. 8 ng/m3)、锰(25. 3 ng/m3)、砷(5. 29 ng/m3)等。检测的12种元素占PM_(2.5)质量浓度的0. 393%,非霾日(0. 555%)高于霾日(0. 232%)。结论宜昌市大气中PM_(2.5)污染情况较以往有所改善,但砷、铬、铅等金属污染应当予以重视。
Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of elements in atmospheric fine particles(PM_(2.5)) in haze and non-haze episodes in urban areas of Yichang City,and to provide a scientific basis for estimating the PM_(2.5)health effects in local areas and developing environmental protection measures. Methods PM_(2.5)samples were collected by a sampler of medium-flow capacity from December 2016 to November 2017. The contents of elements,including beryllium,aluminum,chromium,manganese,nickel,arsenic,selenium,cadmium,stibium,mercury,thallium and lead were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and then the differences in mass concentration of the twelve elements between haze and non-haze episodes were compared. Results The annual mean concentration of PM_(2.5)in urban areas of Yichang City was 56. 4 μg/m3,showing a tendency of winter(94.0 μg/m3) > spring(50.6 μg/m3) > autumn(36.6 μg/m3) > summer(28.1 μg/m3). The pollution level of aluminum(141.2 ng/m3) was the most serious,followed by lead(37.8 ng/m3),manganese(25.3 ng/m3) and arsenic(5.29 ng/m3). The detected twelve elements accounted for 0.393% of PM_(2.5)mass concentration,and their proportion in PM_(2.5)mass concentration in non-haze days was significantly higher than that in haze days(0.555% vs. 0.232%). Conclusions The condition of PM_(2.5)pollution in the atmosphere in Yichang City has been improved,but heavy metal pollution such as arsenic,chromium and lead should be taken seriously.
Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of elements in atmospheric fine particles(PM_(2.5)) in haze and non-haze episodes in urban areas of Yichang City,and to provide a scientific basis for estimating the PM_(2.5)health effects in local areas and developing environmental protection measures. Methods PM_(2.5)samples were collected by a sampler of medium-flow capacity from December 2016 to November 2017. The contents of elements,including beryllium,aluminum,chromium,manganese,nickel,arsenic,selenium,cadmium,stibium,mercury,thallium and lead were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and then the differences in mass concentration of the twelve elements between haze and non-haze episodes were compared. Results The annual mean concentration of PM_(2.5)in urban areas of Yichang City was 56. 4 μg/m3,showing a tendency of winter(94.0 μg/m3) > spring(50.6 μg/m3) > autumn(36.6 μg/m3) > summer(28.1 μg/m3). The pollution level of aluminum(141.2 ng/m3) was the most serious,followed by lead(37.8 ng/m3),manganese(25.3 ng/m3) and arsenic(5.29 ng/m3). The detected twelve elements accounted for 0.393% of PM_(2.5)mass concentration,and their proportion in PM_(2.5)mass concentration in non-haze days was significantly higher than that in haze days(0.555% vs. 0.232%). Conclusions The condition of PM_(2.5)pollution in the atmosphere in Yichang City has been improved,but heavy metal pollution such as arsenic,chromium and lead should be taken seriously.
引文
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[3]王钊,韩斌,倪天茹,等.天津市某社区老年人PM2. 5暴露痕量元素健康风险评估[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(8):913-918.
[4]杜艳君,张翼,刘瑞聪,等.成都市PM2. 5中金属元素吸入暴露的慢性健康风险评估[J].环境与健康杂志,2016,33(12):1061-1064.
[5]姚青,韩素芹,蔡子颖.天津采暖期大气PM2. 5中重金属元素污染及其生态风险评价[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(9):1596-1600.
[6]杨财平,马蓓蓓,余青,等.宜昌市PM2. 5的污染特征及其风险评价[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(10):1209-1212.
[7]张小红.长沙市PM2. 5污染特征及其影响因素分析[J].企业技术开发,2015,34(1):7-10.
[8]张莹,刘丽伟,宁贵财,等.兰州市大气污染物的分布特征及其对人体健康的影响[J].卫生研究,2015,44(5):723-729.
[9]张恒,周自强,赵海燕,等.青奥会前后南京PM2. 5重金属污染水平与健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):28-34.
[10] GB 3095-2012环境空气质量标准[S].北京:国家环保总局,2012:1-6.
[11]施洁,吕嘉韵,杨轶戬,等. 2015年广州市某小学内大气PM2. 5与部分重金属元素质量浓度的关系[J].实用预防医学,2017,24(12):1462-1465.
[12]王秦,陈曦,何公理,等.北京市城区冬季雾霾天气PM2. 5中元素特征研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(6):1441-1445.