2010年北京城区气传真菌监测
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摘要
目的探索北京城区气传真菌孢子的种类、数量及飘散规律。方法采用重力沉降法于2010年1月1日至12月31日对北京城区进行全年不间断真菌曝片监测,采样地点为北京协和医院门诊楼4层楼顶,采样时间为每天8∶00,分析北京城区的优势气传真菌孢子及其月分布情况。结果北京城区全年均可收集到真菌孢子,2010年整年共收集到25 118粒/1 000 mm2。收集的真菌孢子共28种,绝大多数能鉴定到属,隶属于25属,两种仅能鉴定到目,能鉴定到种的仅有1个菌种。收集的气传真菌孢子中以链格孢属、枝孢属、假格孢属、附球菌属及黑粉目孢子含量较多,其中链格孢属孢子含量最高,占总量的66. 65%,为绝对优势气传真菌孢子。气传真菌孢子6-7月达到高峰,占全年含量的64. 24%; 8-10月次之,占全年含量的25. 10%。结论北京城区全年均可收集到气传真菌孢子,6-7月含量最高。主要气传真菌孢子为链格孢属、枝孢属、附球菌属及假格孢属,链格孢属为绝对优势气传真菌孢子。
Objective To investigate the classification,amount,and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in urban area of Beijing. Methods Daily airborne fungi monitoring was performed by Gravitational Method using Ye's Sampler since January 1 st to December 31 st,2010. The location of the sampler was on the proof of forth floor of Outpatient Department Building,Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The slide was changed daily at 8 ∶ 00 Am. The predominant airborne fungi spores and their seasonal distribution in urban area of Beijing were investigated. Results Fungi spores were collected all year around. 25 118 grains of fungi spores/1 000 mm2 were collected. Twenty-eight kinds of fungi spores were identified. The fungi spores which were identifiable in the level of genus belonged to 25 genera,and only one kind of spore could be identified as a defined spices. The other two kinds of fungi spores were merely identifiable in the level of order. The predominant airborne fungi spores in urban area of Beijing were Alternaria,Cladosporium,Nimbya,Epicoccum,and Ustilaginales spores. The most abundant airborne fungi spores was Alternaria,accounting for as much as66. 65%. There was an only peak segment shown in mensal distribution curve of annual airborne fungi count,while peak value was seen in the period of June to July,which was followed by the period of August to October,accounting for as much as 64. 24% and 25. 10% of total annual airborne fungi count respectively.Conclusions Fungi spores are collected all year around in urban area of Beijing. There is an only peak segment shown in mensal distribution curve of annual airborne fungi count,while peak value was seen in the period of June to July. The most abundant airborne fungi spore is Alternaria. There are another 4 kinds of common and abundant airborne fungi spores besides Alternaria. There are Cladosporium,Nimbya,Epicoccum,and Ustilaginales spores.
Objective To investigate the classification,amount,and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in urban area of Beijing. Methods Daily airborne fungi monitoring was performed by Gravitational Method using Ye's Sampler since January 1 st to December 31 st,2010. The location of the sampler was on the proof of forth floor of Outpatient Department Building,Peking Union Medical College Hospital. The slide was changed daily at 8 ∶ 00 Am. The predominant airborne fungi spores and their seasonal distribution in urban area of Beijing were investigated. Results Fungi spores were collected all year around. 25 118 grains of fungi spores/1 000 mm2 were collected. Twenty-eight kinds of fungi spores were identified. The fungi spores which were identifiable in the level of genus belonged to 25 genera,and only one kind of spore could be identified as a defined spices. The other two kinds of fungi spores were merely identifiable in the level of order. The predominant airborne fungi spores in urban area of Beijing were Alternaria,Cladosporium,Nimbya,Epicoccum,and Ustilaginales spores. The most abundant airborne fungi spores was Alternaria,accounting for as much as66. 65%. There was an only peak segment shown in mensal distribution curve of annual airborne fungi count,while peak value was seen in the period of June to July,which was followed by the period of August to October,accounting for as much as 64. 24% and 25. 10% of total annual airborne fungi count respectively.Conclusions Fungi spores are collected all year around in urban area of Beijing. There is an only peak segment shown in mensal distribution curve of annual airborne fungi count,while peak value was seen in the period of June to July. The most abundant airborne fungi spore is Alternaria. There are another 4 kinds of common and abundant airborne fungi spores besides Alternaria. There are Cladosporium,Nimbya,Epicoccum,and Ustilaginales spores.
引文
[1]叶世泰,乔秉善,路英杰.中国致敏空气真菌学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1992:5-7.
[2]叶世泰.变态反应学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:204-205.
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[5] Twaroch TE,Curin M,Valenta R,et al. Mold allergens in respiratory allergy:From structure to therapy[J]. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res,2015,7:205-220.
[6]叶世泰,乔秉善,路英杰.中国致敏空气真菌学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1992:1.
[7] Horner WE,Helbling A,Salvaggio JE,et al. Fungal allergens[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev,1995,8:161-179.
[8]叶世泰,乔秉善.中国气传致敏真菌调查[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:86-87.
[9]郝廷,鲍亚丽,乔秉善.北京市东郊空气中真菌与花粉的调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28:444-446.
[10] Peternel R,Culig J,Hrga I. Atmospheric concentrations of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Zagreb(Croatia)and effects of some meteorological factors[J]. Ann Agric Environ Med,2004,11:303-307.
[11] Stennett PJ,Beggs PJ. Alternaria spores in the atmosphere of Sydney,Australia,and relationships with meteorological factors[J]. Int J Biometeorol,2004,9:98-105.
[12]杨辰宸,范月蕾,刘阳,等.上海市西南部气传致敏真菌消长规律[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2011,5:28-34.
[13] Gabriel MF,Postigo I,Tomaz CT,et al. Alternaria alternata allergens:Markers of exposure, phylogeny and risk of fungiinduced respiratory allergy[J]. Environ Int,2016,89-90:71-80.
[14] Mari A,Schneider P,Wally V. Sensitization to fungi:epidemiology,comparative skin test and Ig E reactivity to fungal extracts[J]. Clin Exp Allergy,2003,33:1429-1438.
[15]岳凤敏,杨秀敏,何海娟. 28种常见气传真菌的致敏性分析[J].中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1996,16(增刊1号,变态反应专辑[二]):42-44.
[16] Coop CA. Immunotherapy for mold allergy[J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2014,47:289-298.
[17]王瑞琦,王良录,李宏,等.链格孢变应原皮试液用于链格孢变态反应性疾病诊断的有效性和安全性[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2016,10:33-39.
[2]叶世泰.变态反应学[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:204-205.
[3]乔秉善.变态反应学实验技术[M]. 2版.北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2002:176-178.
[4]乔秉善.中国气传真菌彩色图谱[M].北京:中国协和医科大学出版社,2012:289-439.
[5] Twaroch TE,Curin M,Valenta R,et al. Mold allergens in respiratory allergy:From structure to therapy[J]. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res,2015,7:205-220.
[6]叶世泰,乔秉善,路英杰.中国致敏空气真菌学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1992:1.
[7] Horner WE,Helbling A,Salvaggio JE,et al. Fungal allergens[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev,1995,8:161-179.
[8]叶世泰,乔秉善.中国气传致敏真菌调查[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:86-87.
[9]郝廷,鲍亚丽,乔秉善.北京市东郊空气中真菌与花粉的调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2011,28:444-446.
[10] Peternel R,Culig J,Hrga I. Atmospheric concentrations of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Zagreb(Croatia)and effects of some meteorological factors[J]. Ann Agric Environ Med,2004,11:303-307.
[11] Stennett PJ,Beggs PJ. Alternaria spores in the atmosphere of Sydney,Australia,and relationships with meteorological factors[J]. Int J Biometeorol,2004,9:98-105.
[12]杨辰宸,范月蕾,刘阳,等.上海市西南部气传致敏真菌消长规律[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2011,5:28-34.
[13] Gabriel MF,Postigo I,Tomaz CT,et al. Alternaria alternata allergens:Markers of exposure, phylogeny and risk of fungiinduced respiratory allergy[J]. Environ Int,2016,89-90:71-80.
[14] Mari A,Schneider P,Wally V. Sensitization to fungi:epidemiology,comparative skin test and Ig E reactivity to fungal extracts[J]. Clin Exp Allergy,2003,33:1429-1438.
[15]岳凤敏,杨秀敏,何海娟. 28种常见气传真菌的致敏性分析[J].中华微生物学和免疫学杂志,1996,16(增刊1号,变态反应专辑[二]):42-44.
[16] Coop CA. Immunotherapy for mold allergy[J]. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol,2014,47:289-298.
[17]王瑞琦,王良录,李宏,等.链格孢变应原皮试液用于链格孢变态反应性疾病诊断的有效性和安全性[J].中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志,2016,10:33-39.