钢中第二相粒子形貌预报理论和检测方法
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摘要
控制钢中第二相粒子(包括非金属夹杂物和碳氮化物)的形貌对降低非金属夹杂物的危害、提高钢材力学性能等具有重要作用。本工作通过引入Jackson a指数建立了钢中第二相粒子形貌的预测理论模型,指出钢中第二相粒子形貌由其熔化熵、生长方向和温度(过冷度)决定。通过非水溶液电解的方法和室温有机溶液包埋(RTO)技术,结合SEM分析了4个钢种各类夹杂物的三维形貌以及其内部特征,实测的第二相粒子形貌与理论预测一致。理论和实验观察结果均证明,当第二相粒子Jackson a指数大于3时,其形貌为小面状;Jackson a指数小于2时,呈非小面状。
It is significant to reduce the negative effects of non-metallic inclusion on steel and to improve steel mechanical properties through controlling the morphology of the secondary phase particle including non-metallic inclusion, nitride and carbide. Compared with particles with irregular shape, globular second phase particle could reduce the stress concentration during rolling and heat treatment process obviously and lower its harmfulness to steel toughness. A theoretical model to predict the morphology of the secondary phase particle in steel has been established by introducing a dimensionless Jackson a factor,and the morphology of the secondary phase particle is determined by its dissolved entropy, growth direction and temperature or undercooling. Non-aqueous solution electrolysis extraction and room temperature organic(RTO) technique were applied to detect the 3D morphology of the secondary phase particle and its inner morphology combining with SEM. The morphologies of particles observed in four different types of steels are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Theoretical predictions and experimental observation were both confirmed that the secondary phase particle is faceted in morphology when its Jackson a factor is more than 3 and non-faceted when its Jackson a factor less than 2.
It is significant to reduce the negative effects of non-metallic inclusion on steel and to improve steel mechanical properties through controlling the morphology of the secondary phase particle including non-metallic inclusion, nitride and carbide. Compared with particles with irregular shape, globular second phase particle could reduce the stress concentration during rolling and heat treatment process obviously and lower its harmfulness to steel toughness. A theoretical model to predict the morphology of the secondary phase particle in steel has been established by introducing a dimensionless Jackson a factor,and the morphology of the secondary phase particle is determined by its dissolved entropy, growth direction and temperature or undercooling. Non-aqueous solution electrolysis extraction and room temperature organic(RTO) technique were applied to detect the 3D morphology of the secondary phase particle and its inner morphology combining with SEM. The morphologies of particles observed in four different types of steels are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Theoretical predictions and experimental observation were both confirmed that the secondary phase particle is faceted in morphology when its Jackson a factor is more than 3 and non-faceted when its Jackson a factor less than 2.
引文
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[24]Kim H S,Lee H G,Oh K S.Mn S precipitation in association with manganese silicate inclusions in Si/Mn deoxidized steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2001,32A:1519
[25]Wang K P,Jiang M,Wang X H,et al.Formation mechanism of Si O2-type inclusions in Si-Mn-killed steel wires containing limited aluminum content[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2015,46B:2198
[26]Luo Y W,Guo H J,Chen X C.Effect of nitrogen on the microstructure of AISI M42 high-speed steel[A].AISTech-Iron and Steel Technology Conference Proceedings[C].Pittsburgh,USA:2016:1123
[27]Ning A G,Guo H J,Chen X C,et al.Precipitation behaviors and strengthening of carbides in H13 steel during annealing[J].Mater.Trans.,2015,56:581
[2]Yu H L,Bi H Y,Liu X H,et al.Behavior of inclusions with weak adhesion to strip matrix during rolling using FEM[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,2009,209:4274
[3]Jiang L Z,Cui K,H?nninen H.Effects of the composition,shape factor and area fraction of sulfide inclusions on the machinability of re-sulfurized free-machining steel[J].J.Mater.Process.Technol.,1996,58:160
[4]Shao X J,Wang X H,Jiang M,et al.In situ observation of Mn S inclusion behavior in resulfurized Free cutting steel during heating[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,2011,47:1210(邵肖静,王新华,姜敏等.加热过程中硫系易切削钢中Mn S夹杂物行为的动态原位观察.金属学报,2011,47:1210)
[5]Kim S H,Kim H,Kim N J.Brittle intermetallic compound makes ultrastrong low-density steel with large ductility[J].Nature,2015,518:77
[6]Jackson K A.Growth and Perfection of Crystals[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1958:319
[7]Jackson K A.Liquid Metals and Solidification[M].Ohio,Metals Park:ASM,1958:174
[8]Li D,Herlach D M.Direct measurements of free crystal growth in deeply undercooled melts of semiconducting materials[J].Phys.Rev.Lett.,1996,77:1801
[9]Lu Y P,Yang G C,Liu F,et al.The transition of alpha-Ni phase morphology in highly undercooled eutectic Ni78.6Si21.4alloy[J].Europhys.Lett.,2006,74:281
[10]Lipton J,Kurz W,Trivedi R.Rapid dendrite growth in undercooled alloys[J].Acta Metall.,1987,35:957
[11]Lofgren G.An experimental study of plagioclase crystal morphology;isothermal crystallization[J].Am.J.Sci.,1974,274:243
[12]Kirkpatrick R J.Crystal growth from the melt:A review[J].Am.Mineral.,1975,60:798
[13]Heulens J,Blanpain B,Moelans N.Analysis of the isothermal crystallization of Ca Si O3in a Ca O-Al2O3-Si O2melt through in situ observations[J].J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,2011,31:1873
[14]Li J L,Shu Q F,Chou K.Effect of agitation on crystallization behavior of Ca O-Al2O3-Si O2-Na2O-Ca F2mold fluxes with varying basicity[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2015,46B:1555
[15]Hill A.Entropy production as the selection rule between different growth morphologies[J].Nature,1990,348:426
[16]Berge B,Faucheux L,Schwab K,et al.Faceted crystal growth in two dimensions[J].Nature,1991,350:322
[17]Van Ende M A,Guo M X,Proost J,et al.Formation and morphology of Al2O3inclusions at the onset of liquid Fe deoxidation by Al addition[J].ISIJ Int.,2011,51:27
[18]Ye Z C,Wang S Y,Wang X C.Study of inclusions in IF steel[J].Acta Metall.Sin.,1999,35:1057(叶仲超,王石杨,汪晓川.IF钢中的夹杂物[J].金属学报,1999,35:1057)
[19]Guo J,Seo M D,Shi C B,et al.Control of crystal morphology for mold flux during high-aluminum AHSS continuous casting process[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2016,47B:2211
[20]Fang K M,Wang G C.Study on non-metallic inclusions in steel from characterization to denaturation[J].J.Chin.Rare Earth Soc.,2006,24(Spec.Issue):439(方克明,王国承.钢中的夹杂物研究从表征到改性[J].中国稀土学报,2006,24(专辑):439)
[21]Jackson K A,Uhlmann D R,Hunt J D.On the nature of crystal growth from the melt[J].J.Cryst.Growth,1967,1:1
[22]Barin I,Knacke O.Thermochemical Properties of Inorganic Substances[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1973:73
[23]Barin I,Knacke O,Kubaschewski O.Thermochemical Properties of Inorganic Substances:Supplement[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1977:49
[24]Kim H S,Lee H G,Oh K S.Mn S precipitation in association with manganese silicate inclusions in Si/Mn deoxidized steel[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2001,32A:1519
[25]Wang K P,Jiang M,Wang X H,et al.Formation mechanism of Si O2-type inclusions in Si-Mn-killed steel wires containing limited aluminum content[J].Metall.Mater.Trans.,2015,46B:2198
[26]Luo Y W,Guo H J,Chen X C.Effect of nitrogen on the microstructure of AISI M42 high-speed steel[A].AISTech-Iron and Steel Technology Conference Proceedings[C].Pittsburgh,USA:2016:1123
[27]Ning A G,Guo H J,Chen X C,et al.Precipitation behaviors and strengthening of carbides in H13 steel during annealing[J].Mater.Trans.,2015,56:581