引进优质用材树种美国红橡的生长特性
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摘要
对近年来引进的优质用材美国红橡纳塔栎(Quercus nuttallii)、水栎(Quercus nigra)和舒玛栎(Quercus shumardii)3个14年生树种的木材生长特性进行了研究,主要生长指标有单株平均材积、生材含水率、生长轮宽度以及基本密度。结果表明,纳塔栎单株平均材积最大,为0.134 6 m~3,水栎和舒玛栎分别为0.103 5 m~3和0.106 3m~3。纳塔栎、水栎和舒玛栎生材含水率平均值分别为71.76%、69.79%和71.97%;生材含水率径向变化均为:近髓心处高于近树皮处;纵向变化规律为:随着树高增加,含水率降低。生长轮宽度径向变化为:由髓心向外先增加后减小;纳塔栎、水栎、舒玛栎生长轮宽度平均值分别为7.69、7.20和7.40 mm。基本密度的径向变化为:由髓心向外呈增加趋势;纳塔栎、水栎和舒玛栎基本密度的平均值分别为0.60、0.61和0.64 g·cm~(-3)。3种美国红橡树种间基本密度差异显著,生长轮宽度不显著;种内生长轮宽度和基本密度均达到显著差异;树种×生长轮的交互,生长轮宽度达到极显著差异水平,而基本密度差异不显著。纳塔栎、水栎和舒玛栎的生长轮宽度和基本密度都与生长年龄呈回归相关,且回归水平达到极显著。
In this paper, the wood growth characteristics of three species of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigraand Quercus shumardii of 14 years introduced in recent years were studied. The main growth indicators include average volume per plant, green wood moisture content, growth ring width, and basic density. The results showed that the average volume of single plant Quercus nuttallii was the largest, which was 0.134 6 m~3, and those of Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 0.103 5 m~3 and 0.106 3 m~3, respectively. The average moisture contents in green wood of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 71.76%, 69.79%, and 71.97%, respectively. The radial variation law of the moisture content in green wood was: near the medullary core was higher than that near the bark, and the longitudinal change law of the moisture content in the green wood was: as the height of the tree increased, the moisture content decreased. The average growth ring widths of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 7.69 mm, 7.20 mm, and 7.40 mm, respectively. The radial variation of the growth ring width was: firstly increased from the pith to outward and then decreased. The average basic densities of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 0.60 g·cm~(-3), 0.61 g·cm~(-3), and 0.64 g·cm~(-3), respectively. The radial variation tendency of the basic density was: increased outward from the pith. The basic densities of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii showed significant differences at the 0.05 level, and the growth ring width was not significant; the differences of growth ring width and basic density were extremely significant between different growth rings; in the interaction effect of tree species × growth rings, the width of the growth ring reached a very significant difference level, but the basic density difference was not significant. The growth ring widths and basic densities of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardiiwere all related to the growth age, and the regression level was extremely significant.
In this paper, the wood growth characteristics of three species of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigraand Quercus shumardii of 14 years introduced in recent years were studied. The main growth indicators include average volume per plant, green wood moisture content, growth ring width, and basic density. The results showed that the average volume of single plant Quercus nuttallii was the largest, which was 0.134 6 m~3, and those of Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 0.103 5 m~3 and 0.106 3 m~3, respectively. The average moisture contents in green wood of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 71.76%, 69.79%, and 71.97%, respectively. The radial variation law of the moisture content in green wood was: near the medullary core was higher than that near the bark, and the longitudinal change law of the moisture content in the green wood was: as the height of the tree increased, the moisture content decreased. The average growth ring widths of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 7.69 mm, 7.20 mm, and 7.40 mm, respectively. The radial variation of the growth ring width was: firstly increased from the pith to outward and then decreased. The average basic densities of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii were 0.60 g·cm~(-3), 0.61 g·cm~(-3), and 0.64 g·cm~(-3), respectively. The radial variation tendency of the basic density was: increased outward from the pith. The basic densities of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardii showed significant differences at the 0.05 level, and the growth ring width was not significant; the differences of growth ring width and basic density were extremely significant between different growth rings; in the interaction effect of tree species × growth rings, the width of the growth ring reached a very significant difference level, but the basic density difference was not significant. The growth ring widths and basic densities of Quercus nuttallii, Quercus nigra and Quercus shumardiiwere all related to the growth age, and the regression level was extremely significant.
引文
[1]骆文坚,金国庆,何贵平,等.红豆树等6种珍贵用材树种的生长特性和材性分析[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(6):809-814.
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[6]梁东成,彭华贵,黄春华,等.美国红橡木在粤北引种早期生长调查分析[J].广东林业科技,2013,29(4):29-32.
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[17]刘盛全,储茵,张育才,等.长江滩地69杨生材含水率株内变异规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,1999,26(4):384-387.
[18]严晓红,潘彪,施建中,等.海岸防风林中山杉木材生长特性[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(6):72-74.
[19]张友元,夏玉芳,黎磊,等.香椿生长轮宽度·木材气干密度·纤维长度径向变异及其相关性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(5):1976-1978.
[20]孙戴妍,尚旭岚,洑香香,等.青钱柳胸径生长和木材密度的地理变异规律[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):1-5.
[21]PANSHIN A J,DE ZEEUW C.Textbook of wood technology[M].4th ed.New York:McGraw-Hill book Company,1980.
[22]李贤军.人工林火炬松纸浆材基本密度变异规律的研究[J].广西林业科学,2002,31(2):65-69.
[23]刘志龙,虞木奎,方升佐,等.壳斗科4个树种木材基本密度及燃烧值的变异分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2009,31(4):674-678.
[2]王敬贤.我国栎类资源利用技术研究现状与发展趋势[J].防护林科技,2017(4):72-74.
[3]江泽慧,彭镇华.世界主要树种木材科学特性[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[4]黄利斌,李晓储.北美栎树引种研究[C]//中国林学会.中国林学会2004年年会论文集.北京:中国造纸学报,2004.
[5]许晓波.新优树种纳塔栎秋色叶变化及其对环境的适应性[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(16):14-18.
[6]梁东成,彭华贵,黄春华,等.美国红橡木在粤北引种早期生长调查分析[J].广东林业科技,2013,29(4):29-32.
[7]LEAL S,SOUSA V B,PEREIRA H.Radial variation of vessel size and distribution in cork oak wood(Quercus suber L.)[J].Wood Sci Technol,2007,41(4):339-350.
[8]ROBERT E M R,MENCUCCINI M,MARTíNEZ-VILALTA J.The anatomy and functioning of the xylem in Oaks[M]//Oaks Physiological Ecology.Exploring the functional diversity of Genus Quercus L.Berlin:Springer,Cham,2017:261-302.
[9]VOLKMER T,LORENZ T,HASS P,et al.Influence of heat pressure steaming(HPS)on the mechanical and physical properties of common oak wood[J].Eur J Wood Prod,2014,72(2):249-259.
[10]BERGèS L,NEPVEU G,FRANC A.Effects of ecological factors on radial growth and wood density components of sessile oak(Quercus petraea Liebl.)in Northern France[J].Forest Ecol Manag,2008,255(3/4):567-579.
[11]TULIK M.The anatomical traits of trunk wood and their relevance to oak(Quercus robur L.)vitality[J].Eur J Forest Res,2014,133(5):845-855.
[12]孟宪宇.测树学[M].3版.北京:中国林业出版社,2006:31-32.
[13]国家林业局.木材含水率测定方法:GB/T 1931-2009[S].北京中国标准出版社,2009.
[14]中华人民共和国林业部.木材物理力学性质试验方法:GB1927-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[15]国家林业局.木材年轮宽度和晚材率测定方法:GB/T1930-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[16]国家林业局.木材密度测定方法:GB1933-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[17]刘盛全,储茵,张育才,等.长江滩地69杨生材含水率株内变异规律的研究[J].安徽农业大学学报,1999,26(4):384-387.
[18]严晓红,潘彪,施建中,等.海岸防风林中山杉木材生长特性[J].林业科技开发,2010,24(6):72-74.
[19]张友元,夏玉芳,黎磊,等.香椿生长轮宽度·木材气干密度·纤维长度径向变异及其相关性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(5):1976-1978.
[20]孙戴妍,尚旭岚,洑香香,等.青钱柳胸径生长和木材密度的地理变异规律[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,41(4):1-5.
[21]PANSHIN A J,DE ZEEUW C.Textbook of wood technology[M].4th ed.New York:McGraw-Hill book Company,1980.
[22]李贤军.人工林火炬松纸浆材基本密度变异规律的研究[J].广西林业科学,2002,31(2):65-69.
[23]刘志龙,虞木奎,方升佐,等.壳斗科4个树种木材基本密度及燃烧值的变异分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2009,31(4):674-678.