北京市公共服务设施空间集聚特征分析
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摘要
公共服务设施是社会服务业的物质载体,其空间合理布局对城市的宜居性和居民生活质量产生重要影响。基于北京市9大类公共服务设施空间点要素数据,综合运用最近邻指数、最近邻层次聚类和Ripley’s K函数等空间点模式分析方法,对北京市公共服务设施的空间集聚特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)不同公共服务设施分布的热点集聚区均表现出一定程度的中心集聚现象,其具体空间分布又各具特色;(2)不同公共服务设施分布均具有空间集聚特征,且经营性设施的空间集聚趋向更加明显;(3)不同公共服务设施在不同空间尺度均具有显著的空间集聚特征,但空间集聚强度和空间特征尺度却存在明显差异。
Public service facilities are the physical embodiment of social service industry and the reasonability of its spatial allocation will have a significant impact on the level of urban livability and residents' life quality. Drawing on the spatial points data of nine types of public service facilities in Beijing, this study analyzes spatial clustering of public service facilities in Beijing using the nearest neighbor index, nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering and Ripley's K function. The results show that:(1) The hotspot clusters of all kinds of public service facilities present a certain degree of central agglomeration, while their spatial distributions are also distinctive;(2) There is spatial clusters in all public service facilities, while spatial clustering intensity of profit making public service facilities tends to be more stronger;(3) Public service facilities show significantly spatial clusters by different spatial scales, but it has significant differences in the spatial clustering intensity and spatial scales in different public service facilities are varied.
Public service facilities are the physical embodiment of social service industry and the reasonability of its spatial allocation will have a significant impact on the level of urban livability and residents' life quality. Drawing on the spatial points data of nine types of public service facilities in Beijing, this study analyzes spatial clustering of public service facilities in Beijing using the nearest neighbor index, nearest neighbor hierarchical clustering and Ripley's K function. The results show that:(1) The hotspot clusters of all kinds of public service facilities present a certain degree of central agglomeration, while their spatial distributions are also distinctive;(2) There is spatial clusters in all public service facilities, while spatial clustering intensity of profit making public service facilities tends to be more stronger;(3) Public service facilities show significantly spatial clusters by different spatial scales, but it has significant differences in the spatial clustering intensity and spatial scales in different public service facilities are varied.
引文
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[18]陈旸.基于GIS的社区体育服务设施布局优化研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1 254-1 258.
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[22]陈红霞,李国平.中国生产性服务业集聚的空间特征及经济影响[J].经济地理,2016,36(8):113-119.
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[27] Billings S.B,Johnson E.B. Agglomeration within an urban area[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2016,91:13-25.
[28] Buzard K,Carlino G.A,Hunt R.M,et al. The agglomeration of American R&D labs[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2017,101:14-26.
[29]曾国军,陆汝瑞.跨国饮食企业的空间分布及其影响因素——星巴克在广州[J].人文地理,2017(6):47-55.
[30]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素[J].地理学报,2018(2):219-231.
[31]车冰清,朱传耿,李敏.江苏省银行网点分布格局及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2017(12):1 867-1 874.
[32]朱慧,周根贵.国际陆港物流企业空间格局演化及其影响因素——以义乌市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):98-105.
[33]王帅,陈忠暖,黄方方.广州市连锁超市空间分布及其影响因素[J].经济地理,2015,35(11):85-93.
[34]浩飞龙,王士君,冯章献,等.基于POI数据的长春市商业空间格局及行业分布[J].地理研究,2018(2):366-378.
[35]张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等.2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013(8):1 207-1 215.
[36]李佳洺,张文忠,李业锦,等.基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析——以杭州市区为例[J].地理研究,2016(1):95-107.
[37]张景秋,陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报,2011(10):1 299-1 308.
[38] Mcallister D.M. Equity and Efficiency in Public Facility Location[J]. Geographical Analysis,1976,8(1):47-63.
[39]张文忠,余建辉,湛东升,等.中国宜居城市研究报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[40]李苗裔,龙瀛.中国主要城市公交站点服务范围及其空间特征评价[J].城市规划学刊,2015(6):30-37.
[41]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[42] Besag J. Contribution to the Discussion on Dr. Ripley’s Paper[J]. Journals of the Royal Statistical Society,1977(39):193-195.
[2] Teitz M.B. Toward a theory of urban public facility location[J].Papers of the Regional Science Association,1968,21(1):35-51.
[3] Helbich M,Schadenberg B,Hagenauer J,et al. Food deserts?Healthy food access in Amsterdam[J]. Applied Geography,2017,83:1-12.
[4] Luo W,Wang F. Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment:synthesis and a case study in the Chicago region[J]. Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2003,30(6):865-884.
[5] Feng X,Humphreys B.R. The impact of professional sports facilities on housing values:Evidence from census block group da‐ta[J]. City,Culture and Society,2012,3(3):189-200.
[6] Xu Y.Q,Wen M,Wang F.H. Multilevel built environment features and individual odds of overweight and obesity in Utah[J].Applied Geography,2015,60:197-203.
[7] Talen E. Visualizing fairness-Equity maps for planners[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association,1998,64(1):22-38.
[8] Shanahan D.F,Lin B.B,Gaston K.J,et al. Socio-economic inequalities in access to nature on public and private lands:A case study from Brisbane,Australia[J]. Landscape and Urban Plan‐ning,2014,130:14-23.
[9] Omer I. Evaluating accessibility using house-level data:A spatial equity perspective[J]. Computers Environment And Urban Systems,2006,30(3):254-274.
[10] Pulver A,Wei R. Optimizing the spatial location of medical drones[J]. Applied Geography,2018,90:9-16.
[11] Fortney J. A cost-benefit location-allocation model for public facilities:An econometric approach[J]. Geographical Analy‐sis,1996,28(1):67-92.
[12]高军波,周春山,王义民,等.转型时期广州城市公共服务设施空间分析[J].地理研究,2011,30(3):424-436.
[13]方嘉雯.北京五道口地区韩国餐饮业空间布局特征与集聚机理分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(12):106-113.
[14]陈秋晓,侯焱,吴霜.机会公平视角下绍兴城市公园绿地可达性评价[J].地理科学,2016,36(3):375-383.
[15]卢晓旭,陆玉麒,袁宗金,等.基于可达性的城市普通高中生源区研究[J].地理科学进展,2010(12):1 541-1 547.
[16]王兴平,胡畔,沈思思,等.基于社会分异的城市公共服务设施空间布局特征研究[J].规划师,2014,30(5):17-24.
[17]周春山,江海燕,高军波.城市公共服务社会空间分异的形成机制——以广州市公园为例[J].城市规划,2013,37(10):84-89.
[18]陈旸.基于GIS的社区体育服务设施布局优化研究[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1 254-1 258.
[19]武文杰,朱思源,张文忠.北京应急避难场所的区位优化配置分析[J].人文地理,2010,25(4):41-44.
[20]湛东升,张文忠,余建辉,等.基于地理探测器的北京市居民宜居满意度影响机理[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(8):966-975.
[21]邵磊,袁周,詹浩.保障性住区公共服务设施的不同人群需求特征与满意度分析[J].规划师,2016,32(8):106-111.
[22]陈红霞,李国平.中国生产性服务业集聚的空间特征及经济影响[J].经济地理,2016,36(8):113-119.
[23]罗胤晨,谷人旭.1980—2011年中国制造业空间集聚格局及其演变趋势[J].经济地理,2014,34(7):82-89.
[24]邱灵,方创琳.北京市生产性服务业空间集聚综合测度[J].地理研究,2013(1):99-110.
[25]谢敏,赵红岩,朱娜娜,等.浙江省第三产业空间集聚特征与成因[J].经济地理,2015,35(9):96-102.
[26]郑蔚.福建省制造业空间集聚水平测度与评价[J].经济地理,2012,32(7):74-80.
[27] Billings S.B,Johnson E.B. Agglomeration within an urban area[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2016,91:13-25.
[28] Buzard K,Carlino G.A,Hunt R.M,et al. The agglomeration of American R&D labs[J]. Journal of Urban Economics,2017,101:14-26.
[29]曾国军,陆汝瑞.跨国饮食企业的空间分布及其影响因素——星巴克在广州[J].人文地理,2017(6):47-55.
[30]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京批发企业空间格局演化与区位选择因素[J].地理学报,2018(2):219-231.
[31]车冰清,朱传耿,李敏.江苏省银行网点分布格局及其影响因素研究[J].地理科学,2017(12):1 867-1 874.
[32]朱慧,周根贵.国际陆港物流企业空间格局演化及其影响因素——以义乌市为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(2):98-105.
[33]王帅,陈忠暖,黄方方.广州市连锁超市空间分布及其影响因素[J].经济地理,2015,35(11):85-93.
[34]浩飞龙,王士君,冯章献,等.基于POI数据的长春市商业空间格局及行业分布[J].地理研究,2018(2):366-378.
[35]张珣,钟耳顺,张小虎,等.2004-2008年北京城区商业网点空间分布与集聚特征[J].地理科学进展,2013(8):1 207-1 215.
[36]李佳洺,张文忠,李业锦,等.基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析——以杭州市区为例[J].地理研究,2016(1):95-107.
[37]张景秋,陈叶龙.北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征[J].地理学报,2011(10):1 299-1 308.
[38] Mcallister D.M. Equity and Efficiency in Public Facility Location[J]. Geographical Analysis,1976,8(1):47-63.
[39]张文忠,余建辉,湛东升,等.中国宜居城市研究报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[40]李苗裔,龙瀛.中国主要城市公交站点服务范围及其空间特征评价[J].城市规划学刊,2015(6):30-37.
[41]王劲峰,廖一兰,刘鑫.空间数据分析教程[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[42] Besag J. Contribution to the Discussion on Dr. Ripley’s Paper[J]. Journals of the Royal Statistical Society,1977(39):193-195.