窄煤柱巷道非均匀变形机理及支护技术
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摘要
为了解决窄煤柱巷道非均匀大变形控制难题,以丰汇煤矿窄煤柱巷道为工程背景,综合采用现场调研、室内实验、数值模拟和理论分析等方法,研究了不同煤柱尺寸影响下,采动巷道围岩应力与塑性区分布特征;分析了窄煤柱巷道变形破坏规律与采场覆岩结构运动特征,揭示了窄煤柱巷道非均匀变形机理,指出采动应力场叠加,支承压力大;覆岩结构非对称,偏载作用显著;煤柱尺寸小、强度低,难以为顶板提供有效支撑;支护方案对称布置,针对性差,是窄煤柱巷道产生非均匀变形的主要原因。基于窄煤柱巷道围岩控制难点,提出以"改变巷道区域支护方式、增加支护密度、破碎围岩注浆改性"为核心的差异化支护技术,加强对围岩局部大变形的控制,充分发挥围岩的自身承载能力;现场监测表明,窄煤柱巷道在服务期间围岩非均匀大变形得到有效控制,稳定性好;可为同类型巷道围岩的控制提供参考。
In order to solve the problem of non-uniform large deformation control of narrow pillar roadway,the narrow coal pillar roadway in Fenghui Coal Mine was used as the engineering background.The field survey,laboratory experiments,numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were used to study the stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics of surrounding rock of mining roadway under the influence of different coal pillar sizes. The deformation and failure laws of narrow coal pillar roadway and the movement characteristics of overlying strata structure were analyzed,and the mechanism of non-uniform deformation of narrow coal pillar roadway was revealed.Mining stress fields are superimposed,and results in a large abutment pressure; the structure of overlying strata is asymmetric,and causes a significant partial load effect; due to the small size and low strength of coal pillar,it is difficult to provide an effective support for the roof; and the supporting scheme is symmetrically arranged,and poorly targeted,which are the main reasons for the non-uniform deformation of narrow pillar roadway. Based on the difficult control characteristics of surrounding rock in narrow coal pillar roadway,the differential support technology with "the change of roadway support mode,theenhanced support density and grouting modification of broken surrounding rock"is proposed to strengthen the control of local large deformation of surrounding rock to give a full play to the carrying capacity of surrounding rocks.On-site monitoring results show that the non-uniform deformation of narrow coal pillar roadway during the service is effectively controlled,the surrounding rock is very stable.The differentiated support technology has a high reference value for the same type of roadway surrounding rock control.
In order to solve the problem of non-uniform large deformation control of narrow pillar roadway,the narrow coal pillar roadway in Fenghui Coal Mine was used as the engineering background.The field survey,laboratory experiments,numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were used to study the stress and plastic zone distribution characteristics of surrounding rock of mining roadway under the influence of different coal pillar sizes. The deformation and failure laws of narrow coal pillar roadway and the movement characteristics of overlying strata structure were analyzed,and the mechanism of non-uniform deformation of narrow coal pillar roadway was revealed.Mining stress fields are superimposed,and results in a large abutment pressure; the structure of overlying strata is asymmetric,and causes a significant partial load effect; due to the small size and low strength of coal pillar,it is difficult to provide an effective support for the roof; and the supporting scheme is symmetrically arranged,and poorly targeted,which are the main reasons for the non-uniform deformation of narrow pillar roadway. Based on the difficult control characteristics of surrounding rock in narrow coal pillar roadway,the differential support technology with "the change of roadway support mode,theenhanced support density and grouting modification of broken surrounding rock"is proposed to strengthen the control of local large deformation of surrounding rock to give a full play to the carrying capacity of surrounding rocks.On-site monitoring results show that the non-uniform deformation of narrow coal pillar roadway during the service is effectively controlled,the surrounding rock is very stable.The differentiated support technology has a high reference value for the same type of roadway surrounding rock control.
引文
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[12]杨科,谢广祥.窄煤柱综放巷道围岩应力场特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(3):311-315.YANG Ke,XIE Guangxiang.Stress field of surrounding rocks of fully mechanized top-coal caving gateway with small pillars[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(3):311-315.
[13]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.孤岛工作面窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩变形控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):36-42,55.ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,CHEN Jianben,et al.Control of surrounding rock deformation for gob-side entry driving in narrow coal pillar of island coalface[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):36-42,55.
[14]王红胜,张东升,李树刚,等.基于基本顶关键岩块B断裂线位置的窄煤柱合理宽度的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):10-16.WANG Hongsheng,ZHANG Dongsheng,LI Shugang,et al.Rational width of narrow coal pillar based on the fracture line location of key rock B in main roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):10-16.
[15]ZHANG L,EINSTEIN H H.Using RQD to estimate the deformation modulus of rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(2):337-341.
[16]张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1635-1641.ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless god-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1635-1641.
[2]马念杰,冯吉成,吕坤,等.煤巷冒顶成因分类方法及其支护对策研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):34-40.MA Nianjie,FENG Jicheng,LKun,et al.Study on cause classification method and support countermeasures of roof falling in coal drift[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):34-40.
[3]贾后省.蝶叶塑性区穿透特性与层状顶板巷道冒顶机理研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2015:71-76.
[4]康红普,颜立新,郭相平,等.回采工作面多巷布置留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(10):2022-2036.KANG Hongpu,YAN Lixin,GUO Xiangping,et al.Characteristics of surrounding rock deformation and reinforcement technology of retained entry working face with multi-entry layout[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(10):2022-2036.
[5]王卫军,袁超,郭罡业,等.强烈采动作用下岩巷围岩塑性区恶性扩展的控制研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):957-964.WANG Weijun,YUAN Chao,GUO Gangye,et al.Control of malignant expansion of plastic zone in surrounding rock of rock roadway under the conditions of violent mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(6):957-964.
[6]侯朝炯,李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1):1-7.HOU Chaojiong,LI Xuehua.Stability principle of big and small structures of rock surrounding roadway driven along goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(1):1-7.
[7]李磊,柏建彪,王襄禹.综放沿空掘巷合理位置及控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(9):1564-1569.LI Lei,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu.Rational position and control technique of roadway driving along next goaf in fully mechanized top coal caving face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(9):1564-1569.
[8]李学华,鞠明和,贾尚昆,等.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性影响因素及工程应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(5):761-769.LI Xuehua,JU Minghe,JIA Shangkun,et al.Study of influential factors on the stability of narrow coal pillar in gob-side entry driving and its engineering application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(5):761-769.
[9]何富连,张广超.大断面采动剧烈影响煤巷变形破坏机制与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(3):423-430.HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao.Deformation and failure mechanism and control technology of large section coal roadway subjected to severe mining dynamic load[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2016,33(3):423-430.
[10]魏臻,何富连,张广超,等.大断面综放沿空煤巷顶板破坏机制与锚索桁架控制[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(1):1-8.WEI Zhen,HE Fulian,ZHANG Guangchao,et al.Failure mechanism and cable truss control of large-scale section gob-side entry roof with fully-mechanized caving[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(1):1-8.
[11]张广超,何富连.大断面综放沿空巷道煤柱合理宽度与围岩控制[J].岩土力学,2016,37(6):1721-1728,1736.ZHANG Guangchao,HE Fulian.Pillar width determination and surrounding rocks control of gob-side entry with large cross-section and fully-mechanized mining[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(6):1721-1728,1736.
[12]杨科,谢广祥.窄煤柱综放巷道围岩应力场特征[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(3):311-315.YANG Ke,XIE Guangxiang.Stress field of surrounding rocks of fully mechanized top-coal caving gateway with small pillars[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(3):311-315.
[13]张炜,张东升,陈建本,等.孤岛工作面窄煤柱沿空掘巷围岩变形控制[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(1):36-42,55.ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Dongsheng,CHEN Jianben,et al.Control of surrounding rock deformation for gob-side entry driving in narrow coal pillar of island coalface[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(1):36-42,55.
[14]王红胜,张东升,李树刚,等.基于基本顶关键岩块B断裂线位置的窄煤柱合理宽度的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(1):10-16.WANG Hongsheng,ZHANG Dongsheng,LI Shugang,et al.Rational width of narrow coal pillar based on the fracture line location of key rock B in main roof[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(1):10-16.
[15]ZHANG L,EINSTEIN H H.Using RQD to estimate the deformation modulus of rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(2):337-341.
[16]张农,韩昌良,阚甲广,等.沿空留巷围岩控制理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(8):1635-1641.ZHANG Nong,HAN Changliang,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Theory and practice of surrounding rock control for pillarless god-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(8):1635-1641.