新疆雷暴气候特征及其与地闪密度关系分析
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摘要
针对新疆长时间尺度近63 a雷暴日气候特征及其与地闪密度关系的研究相对缺乏的问题,结合新疆人工观测雷暴日和ADTD获取的地闪资料,采用气候趋势法、小波分析和Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析得出了:新疆年均雷暴日数由南向北逐渐增多,西部多于东部。新疆年均雷暴日数整体上表现出递减变化,每10 a减少约0.3 d,同时存在着2～8 a,10～20 a,24～30 a的3类尺度的周期变化规律。新疆月均雷暴日变化呈明显的单峰型,一年中99.8%的雷暴日发生在4-10月,7月达到峰值。雷暴的开始和结束时间大多发生在14:00-20:00,持续时间在10-20 min的最多,约占总数的39.5%。新疆地闪密度与雷暴日的幂模型拟合关系通过了0.05显著性水平检验。
For the problems which was studied relatively lack on long time scales nearly 63 a thunderstorm climatic features and its relationship with the ground flash density in Xinjiang, combined with the artificial observation thunderstorm data and the cloud-to-ground(CG) lightning data which was obtained by the ADTD, adopted climate trend method, wavelet analysis and Mann Kendall mutation testing method, etc. It was analyzed and concluded that: annual average thunderstorm day in Xinjiang increased gradually from the south to the north, and it was much more in the west than the east. The annual average thunderstorm day in Xinjiang whole showed degressive changes, every 10 a reduced about 0.3 d, there were a periodic variational regularity of three kinds scales of 2-8 a, 10-20 a, 24-30 a at the same time. Monthly average thunderstorm day in Xinjiang presented evidently unimodal type. The thunderstorm of 99.8% throughout the year occurred in April to October, peaked in July. The start and end time of thunderstorm occurred mostly in 14:00-20:00, and the duration time was at most between 10-20 min, was 39.5% of the total thunderstorm number. The fitting relationship which was the exponential model of the CG lightning density and thunderstorm day in Xinjiang passed the significance level test of 0.05.
For the problems which was studied relatively lack on long time scales nearly 63 a thunderstorm climatic features and its relationship with the ground flash density in Xinjiang, combined with the artificial observation thunderstorm data and the cloud-to-ground(CG) lightning data which was obtained by the ADTD, adopted climate trend method, wavelet analysis and Mann Kendall mutation testing method, etc. It was analyzed and concluded that: annual average thunderstorm day in Xinjiang increased gradually from the south to the north, and it was much more in the west than the east. The annual average thunderstorm day in Xinjiang whole showed degressive changes, every 10 a reduced about 0.3 d, there were a periodic variational regularity of three kinds scales of 2-8 a, 10-20 a, 24-30 a at the same time. Monthly average thunderstorm day in Xinjiang presented evidently unimodal type. The thunderstorm of 99.8% throughout the year occurred in April to October, peaked in July. The start and end time of thunderstorm occurred mostly in 14:00-20:00, and the duration time was at most between 10-20 min, was 39.5% of the total thunderstorm number. The fitting relationship which was the exponential model of the CG lightning density and thunderstorm day in Xinjiang passed the significance level test of 0.05.
引文
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[5] 程胡华,焦育忠,段龙飞,等.山西岢岚地区雷暴气候统计特征及其严重年大气环流背景[J].干旱气象,2016,34(4):640-647.
[6] 王学良,余田野,汪姿荷,等.1961-2013年中国雷暴气候特征及东亚夏季风影响研究 [J].暴雨灾害,2016,35(5):471-481.
[7] 霍广勇,江远安,史红政,等.1961-2010年新疆雷暴时空分布及其变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2013,35(5):1156-1164.
[8] 李家启,栾健,王鹏,等.闪电定位资料质量控制中小幅值地闪范围的研究[J].高电压技术,2014,40(3):727-731.
[9] Zheng D,Zhang Y,Meng Q,et al.Climatological Comparison of Small-and Large-Current Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes over Southern China[J].Journal of Climate,2016,29(8):2831-2848.
[10] Yang Xinlin,Sun Jianhua,Li Wanli.An Analysis of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in China during 2010-13[J].Weather & Forecasting,2014,30(6):1537-1550.
[11] 高婧,井立军,井立红,等.1961-2009年伊犁疆雷暴气候特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2011,5(4):14-19.
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[15] 王学良,张科杰,黄小彦,等.湖北省雷暴日数与云地闪密度关系研究 [J].气象,2012,38(6):728-732.
[16] 朱浩,孙浩,王凯,等.安徽省云地闪密度与雷暴日数关系的研究[J].气象与环境学报,2018,34(1):61-68.