我国降水量的自动观测与人工观测之差异分析
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摘要
利用全国2 400个国家站自动与人工平行观测期的第二年的对比观测资料,以及基准站1999—2010年所有雨量观测数据,对比分析了自动与人工观测的雨量数据差异,并对基准站雨量数据序列进行了显著性检验。结果表明:(1)自动与人工观测的雨量数据存在一定差异,且自动观测数据略大于人工观测数据,平均相对差值为1.8%;(2)两者在不同降水等级的月降水量平均差值介于-1.3～3.9 mm之间,当降水等级增大时,两者差值并非同比例增大;(3)两者的月平均最大相对差值为2.9%,最小相对差值为0.8%;(4)两者相对差值的空间分布表明,5月和9月偏差略高于7月;(5)通过对平行观测期的第2年自动月雨量值的显著性检验表明,在显著性水平a=0.05时,全国站点月雨量显著性检验未通过率为2%。
Using the comparative observation data of 2 400 national stations in China during the second year of automatic and artificial parallel observation period, as well as all rainfall observation data of base stations from 1999 to 2010, the difference between automatic and artificial observation rainfall data are compared and analyzed. The significance of the rainfall data series of the base station was tested. The results are as follows.(1) There is a certain difference between automatic and artificial rainfall data. The automatic observation data are slightly larger than manual observation data. The average relative difference is 1.8.(2) The average monthly precipitation difference between the two groups is between-1.33.9 mm and-1.33.9 mm. When the precipitation grade increases, the difference between the two is not the same proportion.(3) The maximum monthly relative difference between them is 2.9 and the minimum relative difference is 0.8.(4) The spatial distribution of the relative difference between the two shows that the deviation between May and September is slightly higher than that in July.(5) The significance test of the automatic monthly rainfall in the second year of parallel observation period shows that, at the significant level a=0.05, the unpassed rate of monthly rainfall at national stations was 2%.
Using the comparative observation data of 2 400 national stations in China during the second year of automatic and artificial parallel observation period, as well as all rainfall observation data of base stations from 1999 to 2010, the difference between automatic and artificial observation rainfall data are compared and analyzed. The significance of the rainfall data series of the base station was tested. The results are as follows.(1) There is a certain difference between automatic and artificial rainfall data. The automatic observation data are slightly larger than manual observation data. The average relative difference is 1.8.(2) The average monthly precipitation difference between the two groups is between-1.33.9 mm and-1.33.9 mm. When the precipitation grade increases, the difference between the two is not the same proportion.(3) The maximum monthly relative difference between them is 2.9 and the minimum relative difference is 0.8.(4) The spatial distribution of the relative difference between the two shows that the deviation between May and September is slightly higher than that in July.(5) The significance test of the automatic monthly rainfall in the second year of parallel observation period shows that, at the significant level a=0.05, the unpassed rate of monthly rainfall at national stations was 2%.
引文
[1]胡玉峰.自动与人工观测数据的差异[J].应用气象学报, 2004, 15(6):719-726
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[9]李亚丽,任芝花,陈高峰,妙娟利,刘芳霞.自记与自动观测降雨量的差异及相关分析[J].气象科技,2011,2011,39(2):227-230
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[11]成丹,陈正洪,方怡,等.宜昌市区短历时暴雨雨型特征[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(3):249-253
[12]任芝花,冯明农,等.自动与人工观测降雨量的差异及相关性[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(3):358-363
[13]任芝花,王改利,邹风玲,张洪政,等.中国降水测量误差的研究[J].气象学报,2003,61(5):621-627
[2]王颖,刘小宁,鞠晓慧.自动观测与人工观测差异的初步分析[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(6):849-854
[3]鞠晓慧,任芝花,曹丽娟,等.自动与人工观测气压的差异及原因分析[J].气象,2010,36(1):104-110
[4]张红娟,任芝花,陈高峰,曾英.自动与人工观测的气压差异分析[J].气象科学,2010,30(3):402-406
[5]游泳,苑跃,余海蓉,等.四川省自动与人工气压观测值差异对比[J].气象科技,2010,38(2):235-238
[6]刘小宁,任芝花,王颖.自动观测与人工观测地面温度的差异及其分析[J].应用气象学报,2008,19(5):554-562
[7]苑跃,赵晓莉,王小兰,游泳.相对湿度自动与人工观测的差异分析[J].气象,2010,36(2):102-108
[8]张志富,任芝花,范邵华.自动观测和人工观测风的差异及其订正的初步研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010, 38(15):8 011-8 015
[9]李亚丽,任芝花,陈高峰,妙娟利,刘芳霞.自记与自动观测降雨量的差异及相关分析[J].气象科技,2011,2011,39(2):227-230
[10]杨明,宫宇,吴晓娜,王文波,等.安徽省夏季暴雨时空分布特征的成因分析[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(2):143-152
[11]成丹,陈正洪,方怡,等.宜昌市区短历时暴雨雨型特征[J].暴雨灾害,2015,34(3):249-253
[12]任芝花,冯明农,等.自动与人工观测降雨量的差异及相关性[J].应用气象学报,2007,18(3):358-363
[13]任芝花,王改利,邹风玲,张洪政,等.中国降水测量误差的研究[J].气象学报,2003,61(5):621-627