制定多环芳烃类物质区域筛选值的必要性研究
|
摘要
依据《污染场地风险评估技术导则》,从筛选值确定机理及暴露参数角度,以七种多环芳烃为例,探讨分析我国六个地区制定区域筛选值的必要性。首先,基于筛选值的确定方法,识别筛选出六个存在显著区域差异性的暴露参数包括体重、室内暴露频率、室外暴露频率、土壤有机质含量、土壤容重、空气中可吸入颗粒物含量;然后,解析各暴露参数对筛选值的单独及整体影响。研究表明,体重是对筛选值影响最显著的暴露参数,六个暴露参数对筛选值的整体影响并不显著(最大筛选值变化百分比为5.9%),然而由于多环芳烃是一类毒性较强的污染物,筛选值的细微变化也会对风险评估结果产生显著影响。因此,我国各区域有必要制定这七种多环芳烃的区域筛选值。
Based on the Technical Guidance for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites,we explored the necessity for deriving regional RSV for seven PAHs of six regions,from the perspectives of derivation methodology and exposure parameters. Firstly,six exposure parameters with significant regional variation were identified,including body weight,exposure frequency indoors and outdoors,SOM,soil bulk density,and PM10. Secondly,the individual and overall influences of these parameters on the RSV were studied. The results indicate that body weight is the most influential parameter,and that the overall influence of all six parameters is up to 5.9%. As these seven PAHs are highly toxic,subtle changes of RSV could have an obvious impact on the risk assessment results.Therefore,it is recommended that each region derive its own RSV.
Based on the Technical Guidance for Risk Assessment of Contaminated Sites,we explored the necessity for deriving regional RSV for seven PAHs of six regions,from the perspectives of derivation methodology and exposure parameters. Firstly,six exposure parameters with significant regional variation were identified,including body weight,exposure frequency indoors and outdoors,SOM,soil bulk density,and PM10. Secondly,the individual and overall influences of these parameters on the RSV were studied. The results indicate that body weight is the most influential parameter,and that the overall influence of all six parameters is up to 5.9%. As these seven PAHs are highly toxic,subtle changes of RSV could have an obvious impact on the risk assessment results.Therefore,it is recommended that each region derive its own RSV.
引文
[1]夏家淇,骆永明,宋静,等.中国土壤环境质量基准与标准制定的理论和方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:27-49.
[2]刘丽.土壤污染场地调查与评估信息系统研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.
[3]环境保护部.建设用地土壤污染风险筛选指导值(三次征求意见稿)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016:17-19.
[4] FERGUSON A,DARMENDRAIL D,FREIER K,et al. Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites in Europe Volume 1 Scientific Basis[M]. Nottingham:LQM Press,1998:165.
[5] NATHANAIL C P. Generic and site-specific criteria in assessment of human health risk from contaminated soil[J]. Soil Use and Management,2006,21(3):500-507.
[6] HESTER R E,HARRISON R M,NATHANAIL C P. Human health risk assessment:guideline values and magic numbers[J]. Veterinary Research Communications,2001,29(2):7-11.
[7] US EPA. Soil screening guidance:technical background document[R]. Washington DC:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,1996:168.
[8] US EPA. Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites[R]. Washington DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,2002:4-24.
[9] VROM. Circular on target values and intervention values for soil remediation[R]. Ministry of Housing:Spatial Planning and Environment(VROM),1999:58-74.
[10] RIVM. Technical evaluation of the intervention values for soil/sediment and groundwater,human and ecotoxicological risk assessment and derivation of risk limits for soil,aquatic sediment and groundwater[R]. Bilthoven,the Netherlands:National Institute of Public Health and The Environment,2001:57.
[11] DEFRA. Environment agency assessment of risks to human health from land contamination:an overview of the development of soil guideline values and related research[R]. Bristol:R&D Publication,2002:32.
[12] AIRE C L. Development of category 4 screening levels for assessment of land affected by contamination[R]. SP:Contaminated Land:Applications in Real Environments,2013:110.
[13] EPA. An update on deriving soil guideline values based on combined intake from individual routes of exposure[R]. CLEA Briefing:Environment Agency,2005.
[14]中国环境监测总站.中华人民共和国土壤环境背景值图集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994:18-19.
[15]张枝焕,王学军,陶澍,等.天津地区典型土壤剖面多环芳烃的垂向分布特征[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):562-567.
[16]环境保护部.污染场地风险评估技术导则:HJ25.3-2014[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:4-52.
[17] NATHANAIL C P,BARDO S P. Reclamation of Contaminated Land[M]. West Sussex:John Wiley&Sons Ltd,2004:78.
[18]赵秀阁,段小丽.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)概要[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:34-49.
[19]张大定,曹云者,汪群慧,等.土壤理化性质对污染场地环境风险不确定性的影响[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):526-532.
[20]中国环境监测总站. 74城市空气质量监测报告[EB/OL].[2016-05-03]. http://www.cnemc.cn/publish/totalWebSite/news/news_48627.html.
[2]刘丽.土壤污染场地调查与评估信息系统研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2011.
[3]环境保护部.建设用地土壤污染风险筛选指导值(三次征求意见稿)[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2016:17-19.
[4] FERGUSON A,DARMENDRAIL D,FREIER K,et al. Risk Assessment for Contaminated Sites in Europe Volume 1 Scientific Basis[M]. Nottingham:LQM Press,1998:165.
[5] NATHANAIL C P. Generic and site-specific criteria in assessment of human health risk from contaminated soil[J]. Soil Use and Management,2006,21(3):500-507.
[6] HESTER R E,HARRISON R M,NATHANAIL C P. Human health risk assessment:guideline values and magic numbers[J]. Veterinary Research Communications,2001,29(2):7-11.
[7] US EPA. Soil screening guidance:technical background document[R]. Washington DC:Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,1996:168.
[8] US EPA. Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund sites[R]. Washington DC:Office of Emergency and Remedial Response U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,2002:4-24.
[9] VROM. Circular on target values and intervention values for soil remediation[R]. Ministry of Housing:Spatial Planning and Environment(VROM),1999:58-74.
[10] RIVM. Technical evaluation of the intervention values for soil/sediment and groundwater,human and ecotoxicological risk assessment and derivation of risk limits for soil,aquatic sediment and groundwater[R]. Bilthoven,the Netherlands:National Institute of Public Health and The Environment,2001:57.
[11] DEFRA. Environment agency assessment of risks to human health from land contamination:an overview of the development of soil guideline values and related research[R]. Bristol:R&D Publication,2002:32.
[12] AIRE C L. Development of category 4 screening levels for assessment of land affected by contamination[R]. SP:Contaminated Land:Applications in Real Environments,2013:110.
[13] EPA. An update on deriving soil guideline values based on combined intake from individual routes of exposure[R]. CLEA Briefing:Environment Agency,2005.
[14]中国环境监测总站.中华人民共和国土壤环境背景值图集[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1994:18-19.
[15]张枝焕,王学军,陶澍,等.天津地区典型土壤剖面多环芳烃的垂向分布特征[J].地理科学,2004,24(5):562-567.
[16]环境保护部.污染场地风险评估技术导则:HJ25.3-2014[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:4-52.
[17] NATHANAIL C P,BARDO S P. Reclamation of Contaminated Land[M]. West Sussex:John Wiley&Sons Ltd,2004:78.
[18]赵秀阁,段小丽.中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)概要[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:34-49.
[19]张大定,曹云者,汪群慧,等.土壤理化性质对污染场地环境风险不确定性的影响[J].环境科学研究,2012,25(5):526-532.
[20]中国环境监测总站. 74城市空气质量监测报告[EB/OL].[2016-05-03]. http://www.cnemc.cn/publish/totalWebSite/news/news_48627.html.