基于希尔伯特——黄变换的GIS超声波检测异常信号诊断
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摘要
文中提出了一种气体绝缘组合电器(gas insulated switchgear,GIS)超声波检测异常信号的时频特征计算与诊断方法。首先运用希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)得到描述超声波信号包络线的时频特征的Hilbert幅值谱。在此基础上,给出了离散条件下Hilbert边际谱与平稳性指数的计算方法,分别表示信号中各频率成分的总强度和平稳性。然后将Hilbert边际谱与平稳性指数结合起来分析,可以直观读取信号的时频特征,进而推断出异常气室的故障原因。3个现场实测案例的研究表明,时频特征分析方法可以有效反映电晕放电、悬浮电位放电和机械振动等3种不同故障对应的超声波信号的时频特征,对提升GIS超声波检测结果的分析诊断水平有着重要的指导意义。
A fault diagnosis approach for gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is proposed based on the time-frequency characteristic of on-line ultrasonic detection signal. Firstly,the Hilbert amplitude spectrum of the signal envelopes is obtained by using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Then,the Hilbert marginal spectrum and the smoothness index are derived,which express the total intensity and smoothness of different frequency components in the ultrasonic signal,respectively. The Hilbert marginal spectrum is combined with the smoothness index to intuitively illustrate the time-frequency characteristics of the ultrasonic signal,hence the abnormal condition in the GIS chamber could be inferred. Three practical cases show that the present approach can identify the time-frequency characteristics of the on-line ultrasonic detection signals relating to corona partial discharge,floating potential partial discharge and mechanical vibration.
A fault diagnosis approach for gas insulated switchgear (GIS) is proposed based on the time-frequency characteristic of on-line ultrasonic detection signal. Firstly,the Hilbert amplitude spectrum of the signal envelopes is obtained by using Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). Then,the Hilbert marginal spectrum and the smoothness index are derived,which express the total intensity and smoothness of different frequency components in the ultrasonic signal,respectively. The Hilbert marginal spectrum is combined with the smoothness index to intuitively illustrate the time-frequency characteristics of the ultrasonic signal,hence the abnormal condition in the GIS chamber could be inferred. Three practical cases show that the present approach can identify the time-frequency characteristics of the on-line ultrasonic detection signals relating to corona partial discharge,floating potential partial discharge and mechanical vibration.
引文
[1]金向朝,黄松波,谢志杨,等.考虑粗糙表面接触的气体绝缘开关设备接头接触电阻数值计算与影响因素分析[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1725-1730.JIN Xiangchao,HUANG Songbo,XIE Zhiyang,et al.Numerical calculation and influence factors analysis of gas insulated switchgear connector contact resistance considering rough surface contact[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1725-1730.
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[3]周永言,乔胜亚,李丽,等.GIS中S2OF10作为局部放电特征气体的有效性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):871-878.ZHOU Yongyan,QIAO Shengya,LI Li,et al.Validity analysis of S2OF10 as a target gas of partial discharge in GIS[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):871-878.
[4]唐炬,孙才新,彭文雄,等.GIS局部放电检测中的小波包变换提取信号[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(5):25-29.TANG Ju,SUN Caixin,PENG Wenxiong,et al.Extracting partial discharge signals from white noise by wavelet packet transform in GIS[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(5):25-29.
[5]黄兴泉,康书英,李泓志.GIS局部放电超高频检测法有关问题的仿真研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(7):37-40.HUANG Xingquan,KANG Shuying,LI Hongzhi.Research on ultra-high-frequency method for detection of partial discharge in GIS[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(7):37-40.
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[8]黎大健,梁基重,步科伟,等.GIS中典型缺陷局部放电的超声波检测[J].高压电器,2009,45(1):72-75.LI Dajian,LIANG Jizhong,BU Kewei,et al.Ultrasonic detection of partial discharge on typical defects in GIS[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(1):72-75.
[9]LI Tianhui,WANG Xiaohua,ZHENG Chen,et al.Investigation on the placement effect of UHF sensor and propagation characteristics of PD-induced electromagnetic wave in GISbased on FDTD method[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.2014,21(3):1015-1025.
[10]TANG Ju,WANG Dibo,FAN Leifan,et al.Feature parameters extraction of gis partial discharge signal with multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(5):3037-3045.
[11]SCHICHLER U,KOLTUNOWICZ W,GAUTSCHI D,et al.UHF partial discharge detection system for GIS:Application guide for sensitivity verification:CIGRE WG D1.25[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(3):1313-1321.
[12]李端姣,郑书生,黎量,等.人工电压脉冲与局部放电UHF信号的等效性分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2900-2904.LI Duanjiao,ZHENG Shusheng,LI Liang,et al.Analysis on equivalence between UHF discharge signals caused by voltage pulses artificially injected into GIS and that caused by actual partial discharge signals inside GIS[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2900-2904.
[13]气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备带电超声局部放电检测应用导则:DL/T 1250-2013[S].2013.Application guidelines for charged gas-insulated metal-enclosure switchgear device partial discharge detection with ultrasonic method:DL/T 1250-2013[S].2013.
[14]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,ALONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part I:Theoretical foundation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):157-163.
[15]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,ALONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part II:Experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):164-169.
[16]凌卫家,张浩,管敏渊.互感器振动对GIS超声波局部放电检测的影响[J].电工电能新技术,2016,35(5):74-80.LING Weijia,ZHANG Hao,GUAN Minyuan.Impact of instrument transformer vibration on GIS ultrasonic-based partial discharge detection[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2016,35(5):74-80.
[17]GAO Wensheng,ZHAO Dongbo.Investigation of frequency characteristics of typical PD and the propagation properties in GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1654-1662.
[18]刘志刚.Hilbert-Huang变换及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.LIU Zhigang.Hilbert-Huang transform and its applications in power system[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[19]HUANG N E,SHEN Z,LONG S R.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for non-linear nonstationary time series[J].Proceeding of Royal Society,1998,1971(45):903-995.
[20]RILLING G,FLANDRIN P,GONCALVES P.On empirical mode decomposition and its algorithms[C]//in Proc.IEEE-EURASIP Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing NSIP-03.Grado:[s.n.],2003:3.
[21]戎琳,郑文栋,钱勇,等.基于信号包络谱的GIS局部放电超声诊断方法研究[J].高压电器,2011,47(12):39-43.RONG Lin,ZHENG Wendong,QIAN Yong,et al.Study of ultrasonic diagnosis method for partial discharge in GISbased on signal envelope spectrum[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(12):39-43.
[2]舒胜文,陈金祥,陈彬,等.应用正向传输系数的GIS局部放电UHF传感器布置方式现场校核方法[J].电网技术,2016,40(9):2910-2916.SHU Shengwen,CHEN Jinxiang,CHEN Bin,et al.A field calibration method for uhf partial discharge detection sensor arrangement in GIS based on forward propagation coefficient[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(9):2910-2916.
[3]周永言,乔胜亚,李丽,等.GIS中S2OF10作为局部放电特征气体的有效性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(3):871-878.ZHOU Yongyan,QIAO Shengya,LI Li,et al.Validity analysis of S2OF10 as a target gas of partial discharge in GIS[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(3):871-878.
[4]唐炬,孙才新,彭文雄,等.GIS局部放电检测中的小波包变换提取信号[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(5):25-29.TANG Ju,SUN Caixin,PENG Wenxiong,et al.Extracting partial discharge signals from white noise by wavelet packet transform in GIS[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(5):25-29.
[5]黄兴泉,康书英,李泓志.GIS局部放电超高频检测法有关问题的仿真研究[J].电网技术,2006,30(7):37-40.HUANG Xingquan,KANG Shuying,LI Hongzhi.Research on ultra-high-frequency method for detection of partial discharge in GIS[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(7):37-40.
[6]GAOUDA A M,EL-HAG A,ABDEL-GALIL T K,et al.Online detection and measurement of partial discharge signals in a noisy environment[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.2008,15(4):1162-1173.
[7]TENBOHLEN S,DENISSOV D,HOEK S M,et al.Partial discharge measurement in the ultra high frequency(UHF)range[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2008,15(6):1544-1552.
[8]黎大健,梁基重,步科伟,等.GIS中典型缺陷局部放电的超声波检测[J].高压电器,2009,45(1):72-75.LI Dajian,LIANG Jizhong,BU Kewei,et al.Ultrasonic detection of partial discharge on typical defects in GIS[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2009,45(1):72-75.
[9]LI Tianhui,WANG Xiaohua,ZHENG Chen,et al.Investigation on the placement effect of UHF sensor and propagation characteristics of PD-induced electromagnetic wave in GISbased on FDTD method[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.2014,21(3):1015-1025.
[10]TANG Ju,WANG Dibo,FAN Leifan,et al.Feature parameters extraction of gis partial discharge signal with multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(5):3037-3045.
[11]SCHICHLER U,KOLTUNOWICZ W,GAUTSCHI D,et al.UHF partial discharge detection system for GIS:Application guide for sensitivity verification:CIGRE WG D1.25[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2016,23(3):1313-1321.
[12]李端姣,郑书生,黎量,等.人工电压脉冲与局部放电UHF信号的等效性分析[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2900-2904.LI Duanjiao,ZHENG Shusheng,LI Liang,et al.Analysis on equivalence between UHF discharge signals caused by voltage pulses artificially injected into GIS and that caused by actual partial discharge signals inside GIS[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2900-2904.
[13]气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备带电超声局部放电检测应用导则:DL/T 1250-2013[S].2013.Application guidelines for charged gas-insulated metal-enclosure switchgear device partial discharge detection with ultrasonic method:DL/T 1250-2013[S].2013.
[14]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,ALONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part I:Theoretical foundation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):157-163.
[15]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,ALONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-Part II:Experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):164-169.
[16]凌卫家,张浩,管敏渊.互感器振动对GIS超声波局部放电检测的影响[J].电工电能新技术,2016,35(5):74-80.LING Weijia,ZHANG Hao,GUAN Minyuan.Impact of instrument transformer vibration on GIS ultrasonic-based partial discharge detection[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2016,35(5):74-80.
[17]GAO Wensheng,ZHAO Dongbo.Investigation of frequency characteristics of typical PD and the propagation properties in GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1654-1662.
[18]刘志刚.Hilbert-Huang变换及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.LIU Zhigang.Hilbert-Huang transform and its applications in power system[M].Beijing:Science Press,2016.
[19]HUANG N E,SHEN Z,LONG S R.The empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectrum for non-linear nonstationary time series[J].Proceeding of Royal Society,1998,1971(45):903-995.
[20]RILLING G,FLANDRIN P,GONCALVES P.On empirical mode decomposition and its algorithms[C]//in Proc.IEEE-EURASIP Workshop on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing NSIP-03.Grado:[s.n.],2003:3.
[21]戎琳,郑文栋,钱勇,等.基于信号包络谱的GIS局部放电超声诊断方法研究[J].高压电器,2011,47(12):39-43.RONG Lin,ZHENG Wendong,QIAN Yong,et al.Study of ultrasonic diagnosis method for partial discharge in GISbased on signal envelope spectrum[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2011,47(12):39-43.