2000—2016年中国地级以上城市高精度城区边界遥感提取及时空扩展分析
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摘要
城区边界和城区面积是城镇化的重要表征和扩展分析的基础。然而城区边界存在概念和提取标准不统一、精度较低、可比性较差等问题。为此,提出了基于高分辨率影像和地理信息资料辅助的城区半自动化提取方法,充分利用高分辨率影像上的城市景观特征、先验地理信息知识和一系列标准规则,以得到精度高、一致性强的数据。以中国337个地级以上城市为研究区,采用该方法得到了2000年、2005年、2010年、2016年4期城区边界成果,并开展了城区时空扩展及用地效率等相关分析。结果表明:①16年间城区扩展迅速,城区主要集中分布在东部和中部,东西部地区差异大;②城市用地效率与城镇化发展水平显著相关,城区扩展以外延型为主;③大多城市城区扩展超前于人口增长,少量城市城区扩展滞后于人口增长;④城区扩展以占用耕地为主。
Urban boundary and area is an important indicator for urban sprawl analysis. However, concept and extraction standard of urban boundary were inconsistent, and the resolution of images was coarse, resulting in lower precision and incomparable urban boundary. To solve above problems, a semi-automatic method of urban boundary extraction is proposed by using high-resolution image and geographic information data. Urban landscape and form characteristics, geographical knowledge, and a series of standardized rules are combined to generate high-precision and consistent urban boundary. Urban boundaries of China's 337 prefectural cities in year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2016 are extracted with above-mentioned method. Together with other thematic data, urban sprawl is analyzed. Results show that :① China's prefectural cities has undergone a rapid urbanization from year 2000 to 2015 with a high degree of concentration and regional differences. ②The efficiency of urban land use is significantly related to the development level of urbanization. The sprawl models of most cities are extensive. ③Most cities are faced with the problem that urban expansion is ahead of population growth, while a few cities expansion lag behind population growth. ④Cultivated land is the main source of urban expansion areas.
Urban boundary and area is an important indicator for urban sprawl analysis. However, concept and extraction standard of urban boundary were inconsistent, and the resolution of images was coarse, resulting in lower precision and incomparable urban boundary. To solve above problems, a semi-automatic method of urban boundary extraction is proposed by using high-resolution image and geographic information data. Urban landscape and form characteristics, geographical knowledge, and a series of standardized rules are combined to generate high-precision and consistent urban boundary. Urban boundaries of China's 337 prefectural cities in year 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2016 are extracted with above-mentioned method. Together with other thematic data, urban sprawl is analyzed. Results show that :① China's prefectural cities has undergone a rapid urbanization from year 2000 to 2015 with a high degree of concentration and regional differences. ②The efficiency of urban land use is significantly related to the development level of urbanization. The sprawl models of most cities are extensive. ③Most cities are faced with the problem that urban expansion is ahead of population growth, while a few cities expansion lag behind population growth. ④Cultivated land is the main source of urban expansion areas.
引文
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[6] Hu Deyong, Li Jing, Chen Yunhao, et al. An Analysis of Urban Expansion and Its Dynamics Based on Multi-temporal Landsat Data [J]. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2006, 18(4): 46-49(胡德勇, 李京, 陈云浩, 等. 基于多时相Landsat数据的城市扩张及其驱动力分析[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2006, 18(4): 46-49)
[7] Gong Jianya, Peng Feifei, Wang Le, et al.Built-up Area Detection from a Stereo Pair Using Disparity Information[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2016,41(4):427-433(龚健雅, 彭飞飞, 王乐, 等.利用视差进行立体像对的建成区检测方法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2016,41(4):427-433)
[8] Zou Jingui, Chen Yanhua, Ding Ge, et al.A Clustered Threshold Method for Extracting Urban Built-up Area Using the DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Images[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2016,41(2):196-201(邹进贵, 陈艳华, 丁鸽, 等.利用DMSP/OLS灯光影像提取城镇建成区的聚类阈值法[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版, 2016,41(2):196-201)
[9] Chen Jiwei,Han Xuepei.Semiautomatic Extraction of Floor Area Ratio Based on Construction Shadow in High Resolution Remote Sensing Image[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2005,30(7):580-582(陈基伟,韩雪培.高分辨率遥感影像建筑容积率提取方法研究[J]. 武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2005,30(7):580-582)
[10] Duan Degang, Huang Boyan. Differentiation and Analysis of the Concept of Central City Region [J]. Modern Urban Research, 2008, 23(10): 20-24(段德罡, 黄博燕. 中心城区概念辨析[J]. 现代城市研究, 2008, 23(10):20-24)
[11] Xu Zening, Gao Xiaolu. A Novel Method for Identifying the Boundary of Urban Built-up Areas with POI Data [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016,71(6): 928-939(许泽宁, 高晓路. 基于电子地图兴趣点的城市建成区边界识别方法[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(6): 928-939)
[12] Schneider A, Friedl M A, Potere D. Mapping Glo-bal Urban Areas Using MODIS 500-m Data: New Methods and Datasets Based on ‘Urban Ecoregions’ [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2010, 114(8): 1 733-1 746
[13] Wang Fenglong, Liu Yungang. Panel Granger Test on Urban Land Expansion and Fiscal Revenue Growth in China’s Prefecture-Level Cities [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(12): 1 595-1 606(王丰龙, 刘云刚. 中国城市建设用地扩张与财政收入增长的面板格兰杰因果检验[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(12): 1 595-1 606)
[14] Bagan H, Yamagata Y. Landsat Analysis of Urban Growth: How Tokyo Became the World’s Largest Megacity During the Last 40 Years [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2012, 127(1): 210-222
[15] Xu Weicheng. Encyolopedia of China [M]. Beijing: Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, 2002 (徐惟诚. 中国大百科全书-精粹本[M]. 北京:中国大百科全书出版社, 2002)
[16] Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of P.R.C. Standard for a Basic Terminology of Urban Planning: Gb/T 50280-98 [M]. Beijing:China Architecture & Building Press, 1999 (中华人民共和国建设部. 城市规划基本术语标准:Gb/T 50280-98[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1999)
[17] Li X, Gong P, Liang L. A 30-year (1984-2013) Record of Annual Urban Dynamics of Beijing City Derived from Landsat Data [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2015, 166(1): 78-90
[18] Li Miao, Zang Shuying, Wu Changshan, et al. Spatial and Temporal Variation and Its Driving Forces of Urban Impervious Surface in Urban-Rural Continuum of Harbin [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(1): 105-115 (李苗, 臧淑英, 吴长山, 等. 哈尔滨市城乡结合部不透水面时空变化及驱动力分析[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(1): 105-115)
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[20] Schneider A, Woodcock C E. Compact, Dispersed, Fragmented, Extensive? A Comparison of Urban Growth in Twenty-five Global Cities Using Remotely Sensed Data, Pattern Metrics and Census Information [J]. Urban Studies, 2008, 45(3): 659-692
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