LBS(P,L,K)匿名模型及其算法研究
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摘要
目前,大多数位置匿名算法会出现匿名区域较大、匿名时间较长、匿名不成功的可能性较高等问题,并且对包含更多隐私信息的查询隐私没有做到更好的保护。为解决这些问题,文章提出一种基于敏感度的个性化LBS(P,L,K)匿名模型,该模型在K匿名基础上,通过对查询内容设置不同的敏感度来满足P敏感约束和L覆盖性约束,达到保护查询隐私的目的,从而实现匿名隐私保护的个性化需求。同时,文章在该模型基础上提出基于网格和假用户匿名算法,该算法将整个匿名空间划分成m×n的网格,通过迭代寻找查询用户所在网格的邻域空间进而找到该用户的临时匿名空间,然后根据用户分布矩阵对临时匿名空间进行边缘剥离,直至满足用户面积约束条件。从对比实验结果可知,在满足用户个性化要求条件下,该方法匿名区域面积更小,从而提高了相对匿名度和用户的查询服务质量。
At present, most position anonymity algorithms exist larger anonymous region, longer anonymity time and higher possibility of unsuccessful anonymity, and inquiry details which may include more privacy information are not protected better. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an anonymous model called LBS(P,L,K),which is based on k-anonymous model.This model sets parameters P and L by sensitivity of the queries in order to protect privacy of user queries and personalized needs of users. At the same time, this paper proposes algorithm called grid-fake users anonymity algorithm, which can not only protect the location privacy, but also to protect the query privacy. The algorithm's idea is as follows: fi rst the space is mapped to mxn grid, then iteration search neighborhood space of the grid of the user lies in until fi nds the Minimum contain space, then stripping the edges with smallest user distribution density one by one according to the density matrix, on purpose of fi nding the anonymous user set meeting the anonymity condition in a minimum range, and achieving a better balance between privacy and quality of service. By contrast experiment, the algorithm has a higher success rate of anonymity, a smaller anonymous area and a higher relative anonymity under meeting the requirements of individual users, so it increases the quality of the user's query service.
At present, most position anonymity algorithms exist larger anonymous region, longer anonymity time and higher possibility of unsuccessful anonymity, and inquiry details which may include more privacy information are not protected better. To solve these problems, this paper proposes an anonymous model called LBS(P,L,K),which is based on k-anonymous model.This model sets parameters P and L by sensitivity of the queries in order to protect privacy of user queries and personalized needs of users. At the same time, this paper proposes algorithm called grid-fake users anonymity algorithm, which can not only protect the location privacy, but also to protect the query privacy. The algorithm's idea is as follows: fi rst the space is mapped to mxn grid, then iteration search neighborhood space of the grid of the user lies in until fi nds the Minimum contain space, then stripping the edges with smallest user distribution density one by one according to the density matrix, on purpose of fi nding the anonymous user set meeting the anonymity condition in a minimum range, and achieving a better balance between privacy and quality of service. By contrast experiment, the algorithm has a higher success rate of anonymity, a smaller anonymous area and a higher relative anonymity under meeting the requirements of individual users, so it increases the quality of the user's query service.
引文
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[15]阚莹莹,曹天杰.一种增强的隐私保护K-匿名模型——(P,L)多样化K-匿名[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(21):148-151.
[16]牛红卫.位置服务中查询隐私保护方法的研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学信息科学与工程学院,2012.
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[19]王铮,吴兵.Grid GIS-基于网格计算的地理信息系统[J].计算机工程,2003,29(4):38-40.
[20]郭艳华.位置服务中轨迹隐私保护方法的研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学计算机科学系院,2011.
[21]Brinkhoff T.A Framework For Generating Network-Based Moving Objects[J].An International Journal on Advances of Computer Science for Geographic Information Systems,2002,6(2):153-180.
[22]邹永贵,张玉涵.基于网格划分空间的位置匿名算法[J].计算机应用研究,2012,29(8):3059-3061.
[2]潘晓,肖珍,孟小峰.位置隐私研究综述[J].计算机科学与探索,2007,1(03):268-281.
[3]Xiao Z,Mend X,Xu J.Quality aware privacy protection for locationbased services[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2007.
[4]张海川,赵泽茂,田玉杰,等.基于个性化的空间匿名算法最优化选择研究[J].信息网络安全,2015,(3):23-27.
[5]谈嵘,顾君忠,林欣,等.基于用户隐私保护的区域多对象聚集问题[J].计算机应用,2011,31(9):2389-2394.
[6]Langheinrich M.A privacy awareness system for ubiquitous computing environments[J].Internal Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing,2002,(2498):237-245.
[7l常翠芝,邹中元.定位服务中的位置隐私保护策略[J].武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(4):31-34.
[8]唐留朋,夏清国,土黎明.LBS的一种隐私保护模型[J].计算机工程与设计,2008,29(16):4159-4161.
[9]陈伟鹤,鞠时光,薛安荣.基于移动用户位置的信息服务中的访问控制模型研究综述[J].计算机科学,2008,35(10):19-24.
[10]何径沙,徐菲,徐晶.基于位置的服务中用户隐私保护方法[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(8):1130-1134.
[11]Alastair R,Beresford,Stajano F.Location privacy in pervasive computing[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2003,2(1):46-55.
[12]Alastair R,Beresford,Stajano F.Mix zones:user privacy in Locationaware services[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Annual Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications.USA:IEEE,2004:127-131.
[13]Gruteserm,Grunwald.Anonymous Usage of Location-Based Services Through Spatial And Temporal Cloaking[C]//Proceedings of The 1st International Conference on Mobile Systems,Applications and Services.New York:Acm Press,2003:31-42.
[14]Gedik B,Liu L.Location Privacy In Mohile Systems:a Personalized Anonymization Model[C]//Proc of Lnternational Conference on Distributed Computing System.IEEE 2005:620-629.
[15]阚莹莹,曹天杰.一种增强的隐私保护K-匿名模型——(P,L)多样化K-匿名[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(21):148-151.
[16]牛红卫.位置服务中查询隐私保护方法的研究[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学信息科学与工程学院,2012.
[17]Bamba B,Liu L,Pesti P,et al.Supporting anonymous location queries in mobile environments with privacy grid[C]//Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on World Wide Web.ACM 2008:237-249.
[18]车浩然,何永忠,刘吉强.基于P2P和网格ID的位置匿名算法研究[J].信息网络安全,2015,(3):28-32.
[19]王铮,吴兵.Grid GIS-基于网格计算的地理信息系统[J].计算机工程,2003,29(4):38-40.
[20]郭艳华.位置服务中轨迹隐私保护方法的研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学计算机科学系院,2011.
[21]Brinkhoff T.A Framework For Generating Network-Based Moving Objects[J].An International Journal on Advances of Computer Science for Geographic Information Systems,2002,6(2):153-180.
[22]邹永贵,张玉涵.基于网格划分空间的位置匿名算法[J].计算机应用研究,2012,29(8):3059-3061.