宋元时期药物剂量探讨
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摘要
探讨宋元时期药物剂量,认为宋元使用的单位剂量名称从传统的铢分两进位制,改为钱两的十进位制。东汉与宋元的剂量换算比例为3∶1。宋元时期的具体量值是1斤合今640克,1两为40克,1钱为4克,1字约合1克。量值已经较东汉增长了两倍,但每服用量却比东汉所用药物剂量明显减小。宋元时期由于使用了煮散的方法,是历史上中药剂量最小时期。现代研究证明,中药煮散的方法仍然值得推广使用。
We focused on the herbal dosage in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and believed that the name of unit dosage used in the Song and Yuan Dynasties turned from traditional binary system of Zhu,Fen and Liang into the decimal system of Qian and Liang.The conversion ratio of the dosage between Han and Song and Yuan is 3 ∶ 1.The correct values in the Song and Yuan Dynasties are showed as follows:One Jin equals to 640 grams; One Liang equals to 40 grams; One Qian equals to 4 grams; One Zi equals to 1 gram.The values had tripled since Eastern Han Dynasty.However,the dosage of each taking significantly reduced over the Eastern Han Dynasty.It was the dosages minimum period in history because of the powder decoction way in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.Experimental studies have shown that the powder decoction way of traditional Chinese medicines is still worth to promoting.
We focused on the herbal dosage in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and believed that the name of unit dosage used in the Song and Yuan Dynasties turned from traditional binary system of Zhu,Fen and Liang into the decimal system of Qian and Liang.The conversion ratio of the dosage between Han and Song and Yuan is 3 ∶ 1.The correct values in the Song and Yuan Dynasties are showed as follows:One Jin equals to 640 grams; One Liang equals to 40 grams; One Qian equals to 4 grams; One Zi equals to 1 gram.The values had tripled since Eastern Han Dynasty.However,the dosage of each taking significantly reduced over the Eastern Han Dynasty.It was the dosages minimum period in history because of the powder decoction way in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.Experimental studies have shown that the powder decoction way of traditional Chinese medicines is still worth to promoting.
引文
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[2]宋·陈师文.太平惠民和剂局方[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1983:51.
[3]宋·唐慎微.证类本草[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2011:55,13-14.
[4]元·王好古.汤液本草[M].北京:人民卫生出版,1956:32.
[5]宋·赵佶.圣济总录[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1962:512,173.
[6]元·吴恕.伤寒图歌活人指掌(卷四)[M].元刻本,1615:7.
[7]宋·庞安时.伤寒总病论[M].太原:山西科学技术出版社,2010:276,274,275,300.
[8]元·朱肱.类证活人书[M].天津:天津科学技术出版社,2005:95.
[9]宋·陈言.三因极一病证方论[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1983.15.
[10]郭正忠.三至十四世纪中国的权衡度量[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008:50,289.
[11]丘光明.中国历代度量衡考[M].北京:科学出版社,1992:463,262,472.
[12]宋·沈括,苏轼.苏沈良方[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012:6.
[13]穆兰澄,曹京梅,李冀湘,等.中药煮散的历史沿革与现代研究概述[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2008,14(7):74-75.