论杏花村与杏花村诗
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摘要
唐宋时期叫杏花村的地名至少有十多处,但与酒文化有关的并不多,主要有黄州关山、池州贵池、徐州丰县、长安、江宁、汾阳等数处。除了汾阳外,其他几处有的所谓杏花村酒系官府所出,有的地方杜牧从未到过,有的系望文生义,已被前代学者所否定。关于杜牧《清明》诗所指汾阳杏花村的质疑,一是说此诗收入在南宋末年所编的《千家诗》中,出现较晚,怀疑非杜牧所作;二是认为杜牧没有到过汾阳。经考证此诗最早在北宋初年已见于著录,并非晚出之诗,杜牧不但到过汾阳,而且至少两次途经这里,且汾阳至少有1500多年酿酒历史,所酿"汾清"酒系宫廷贡酒,唐人喜酒,因此杜牧《清明》诗所说杏花村确在汾阳无疑。
In Tang and Song dynasties, there were at least ten places named xinghua village. But they are not much related to wine culture. They are Guanshan in Huangzhou,Guichi in Chizhou,Fengxian in Xuzhou,Chang'an,Jiangning,Fengyang etc. Except Fenyang,other places have been rejected by previous generations of scholars. There are two questions about DU Mu's Qingming poem refering to Xinghua village in Fengyang. One is that this poem was included in 1000 poems compiled in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and it appeared late and suspected that it was not done by DU Mu. The second is that DU Mu has not been to fenyang. The textual research of this poem was first seen in the early Northern Song Dynasty. DU Mu not only went to fenyang, but also passed here at least twice. Fenyang has at least 1,500 years of winemaking history. Fenqing wine is a palace tribute and people in Tang Dynasty like wine. So it is undoubtedly that Xinghua village referred in Du Mu's Qingming poem is in Fenyang.
In Tang and Song dynasties, there were at least ten places named xinghua village. But they are not much related to wine culture. They are Guanshan in Huangzhou,Guichi in Chizhou,Fengxian in Xuzhou,Chang'an,Jiangning,Fengyang etc. Except Fenyang,other places have been rejected by previous generations of scholars. There are two questions about DU Mu's Qingming poem refering to Xinghua village in Fengyang. One is that this poem was included in 1000 poems compiled in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and it appeared late and suspected that it was not done by DU Mu. The second is that DU Mu has not been to fenyang. The textual research of this poem was first seen in the early Northern Song Dynasty. DU Mu not only went to fenyang, but also passed here at least twice. Fenyang has at least 1,500 years of winemaking history. Fenqing wine is a palace tribute and people in Tang Dynasty like wine. So it is undoubtedly that Xinghua village referred in Du Mu's Qingming poem is in Fenyang.
引文
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[14]缪钺.关于杜牧《清明》诗的两个问题[J].文史知识,1983(12).
[7](宋)胡仔.补苕溪渔隐词话[M]//葛渭君.词话丛编补编.北
[15]罗继祖.《清明》绝非杜牧诗[J].社会科学战线,1995(3);卞东波.《清明》是杜牧所作吗[J].文史知识,2006(4);顾龙.“清明时节雨纷纷”是杜牧所作吗[N].中华读书报,2016-03-23.
[16]于一.杜牧行踪考辨与《清明》诗[J].延安大学学报,1986(3).
[17](宋)于石.紫岩诗选.卷3[M].清文渊阁四库全书(1189册),台湾商务印书馆,1986.
[18](唐)许浑.丁卯集笺注.卷5[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[19]《清明》的作者是杜牧还是许浑[EB/OL].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a5c565effc4ffe473268ab9a.html.
[20](唐)杜牧撰,吴在庆校注.杜牧集系年校注·樊川别集[M].北京:中华书局,2008.
[21]晋中考古队.山西汾阳孝义两县考古调查和杏花村遗址的发掘[J].文物,1989(4).
(1)《全唐文》卷751《杜牧集系年校注·樊川文集》卷11记为《上昭义刘司徒书》,昭义镇又称泽潞,两者含义相同,第835-838页。
[2](宋)苏轼.苏轼诗集.卷23.岐亭五首[M].北京:中华书局,1982.
[3](明)都穆.南濠诗话[M]//丁福保.历代诗话续编.北京:中华书局,2006.
[4]张敏慧.《(康熙)杏花村志》的社会影响与价值[J].安徽师范大学学报,2009(3).
[5](宋)吴曾.能改斋漫录.卷16.乐府[M].北京:中华书局,1985.
[6](清)彭定求.全唐诗.卷560[M].北京:中华书局,1960.京:中华书局,2013.
[8](宋)乐史.太平寰宇记.卷90.江南东道二·升州[M].北京:中华书局,2007.
[9](元)高则诚.蔡伯喈琵琶记.卷上[M].清康熙十三年陆贻典钞本.
[10](宋)武陵逸史.类编草堂诗余.卷2.中调[M].明嘉靖刻本.
[11](明)彭大翼.山堂肆考.卷26.地理[M].清文渊阁四库全书本,台湾商务印书馆,1986.
[12](明)曾益.温飞卿诗集笺注.卷9[M].清文渊阁四库全书本(1082册),台湾商务印书馆,1986.
[13]朱易安.《清明》诗是杜牧作的吗?[J].河北大学学报,1981(1).
[14]缪钺.关于杜牧《清明》诗的两个问题[J].文史知识,1983(12).
[7](宋)胡仔.补苕溪渔隐词话[M]//葛渭君.词话丛编补编.北
[15]罗继祖.《清明》绝非杜牧诗[J].社会科学战线,1995(3);卞东波.《清明》是杜牧所作吗[J].文史知识,2006(4);顾龙.“清明时节雨纷纷”是杜牧所作吗[N].中华读书报,2016-03-23.
[16]于一.杜牧行踪考辨与《清明》诗[J].延安大学学报,1986(3).
[17](宋)于石.紫岩诗选.卷3[M].清文渊阁四库全书(1189册),台湾商务印书馆,1986.
[18](唐)许浑.丁卯集笺注.卷5[M].北京:中华书局,2012.
[19]《清明》的作者是杜牧还是许浑[EB/OL].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a5c565effc4ffe473268ab9a.html.
[20](唐)杜牧撰,吴在庆校注.杜牧集系年校注·樊川别集[M].北京:中华书局,2008.
[21]晋中考古队.山西汾阳孝义两县考古调查和杏花村遗址的发掘[J].文物,1989(4).
(1)《全唐文》卷751《杜牧集系年校注·樊川文集》卷11记为《上昭义刘司徒书》,昭义镇又称泽潞,两者含义相同,第835-838页。