微网下基于V2G的电动汽车并网研究
|
摘要
随着微网系统的不断完善与发展,电动汽车作为可控负荷,逐步参与到微网的联合调度中。当电动汽车无序并入微网后,采用蒙特卡洛模拟法计算其充电负荷,计算电动汽车无序并网后的负荷分布,实验结果表明电动汽车无序并网在一定程度上会对微网运行造成巨大压力,并且成本较高。为解决这一问题,提出了对电动汽车进行三层控制的充放电运行策略,该策略基于V2G模式的充放电模型,对所建模型采用一种变惯性权值的粒子群算法进行优化求解。结果表明,将电动汽车以V2G模式接入微网更具经济性。
With the development of micro-grid system,electric vehicle is gradually involved in the joint operation in micro-grid as a variable load. In this paper,the method of Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the charging load of the electric vehicle,the loading distribution of the electric vehicle is obtained,the calculation results show that the disordered charging of electric vehicles will cause great pressure on the operation of the power grid,and the cost is higher. In order to solve this problem,a charging and discharging strategy is proposed for the three layer control of electric vehicles,on the basis of the strategy,a charging and discharging model is been build based on V2 G mode,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model. The results show that the electric vehicles in V2 G mode access to micro-grid is more economical.
With the development of micro-grid system,electric vehicle is gradually involved in the joint operation in micro-grid as a variable load. In this paper,the method of Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the charging load of the electric vehicle,the loading distribution of the electric vehicle is obtained,the calculation results show that the disordered charging of electric vehicles will cause great pressure on the operation of the power grid,and the cost is higher. In order to solve this problem,a charging and discharging strategy is proposed for the three layer control of electric vehicles,on the basis of the strategy,a charging and discharging model is been build based on V2 G mode,the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the model. The results show that the electric vehicles in V2 G mode access to micro-grid is more economical.
引文
[1]孙波,孙佳佳,董浩.基于分时充电电价的电动汽车消纳风电的机组调度优化模型[J].可再生能源,2017,35(1):110-118.SUN Bo,SUN Jiajia,DONG Hao. Unit dispatch optimization model of electrical vehicle to accommodate the wind power based on time-of-use charging price[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2017,35(1):110-118.
[2] Li X,Hui D,Lai X. Battery energy storage station(BESS)-based smoothing control of photovoltaic(PV)and wind power generation fluctuations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(2):464-473.
[3]Hodge B M,Ela E G,Milligan M. Characterizing and Modeling wind power forecast errors from operational systems for use in wind integration planning studies[J].Wind Engineering,2013,36(5):509-524.
[4]Kempton W,Tomi?J. Vehicle-to-Grid power fundamentals:calculating capacity and net revenue[J]. Journal of power sources,2005,144(1):268-279.
[5]Han X J,Chen F,Cui X W,et al. A power smoothing control strategy and optimized allocation of battery capacity based on hybrid storage energy technology[J]. Energies,2012,5(5):1593-1612.
[6]MARA F,SACCHETTI D,TRAEHOLT C,et al. Electric vehicle requirements for operation in smart grids[C]//2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies. Manchester,UK:IEEE Press,2011:1-7.
[7]Diaz-Gonzalez F,Andreas S,Oriol G,et al. A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications[J]. Renewable and Sustain-able Energy Reviews,2012,16(4):2154-2171.
[8]Banham-Hall D D,Taylor G A,Smith Chris A,et al.Flow batteries for enhancing wind power integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(3):1690-1697.
[9]Esmaili A,Novakovic B,Nasiri A. A hybrid system of Li-Ion capaci-tors and flow battery for dynamic wind energy support[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(4):1649-1657.
[10]Ontiveros L J,Mercado P E. Thyristor-based flexible ac transmission system for controlling the vanadium redox flow battery[J]. IET Re-newable Power Generation,2013,7(3):201-209.
[11]Ge B,Wang W,Bi D Q. Energy storage system-based power control for grid-connected wind power farm[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2013,44(1):115-122.
[12]王贵斌,赵俊华,文福拴,等.配电系统中电动汽车与可再生能源的随机协同调度[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(19):22-29.WANG Guibing,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Stochastic optimization dispatching of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in coordination with renewable generation in distribution systems[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(19):22-29.
[13]Rajkumar M,Mahadevan K,Kannan S,et al. NSGA-II technique for multi-objective generation dispatch of thermal generators with nonsmooth fuel cost functions[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering&Technology,2014,9(2):423-432.
[14]Liyanage,K. M.,et al. Impacts of communication delay on the performance of a control scheme to minimize power fluctuations introduced by renewable generation under varying v2g vehicle pool size[C]//1st IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.Natl Inst Sci&Technol, Gaithersburg, MD IEEE,2010:85-90.
[15] Galus M D,La Fauci R,Andersson G. Investigating PHEV wind balancing capabilities using heuristics and model predictive control[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting,2010 IEEE. IEEE,2010:1-8.
[16]Hutson C,Venayagamoorthy G K,Corzine K A. Intelligent scheduling of hybrid and electric vehicle storage capacity in a parking lot for profit maximization in grid power transactions[C]//Energy 2030 Conference, 2008.ENERGY 2008. IEEE. IEEE,2008:1-8.
[17]Saha,A. K.,Chowdhury,S.,Chowdhury,S. P.,et al.Modelling and simulation of microturbine in islanded and grid-connected mode as distributed energy resource[C]//Proceedings of power and Energy Society General Meeting. Pittsburgh,PA:IEEE PES,2008:4091-4097.
[18]张乐平.基于动态规划的电动汽车用户侧充电优化方法[J].电网与清洁能源,2013,29(8):117-121.ZHANG Leping. Customer-side optimization method of EV charging based on dynamic programming[J]. Power System and Clean Energy,2013,29(8):117-121.
[19]张弘,苑舜,董鹤楠,等.分布式发电系统多逆变器协调控制策略[J].可再生能源,2016,34(11):1626-1631.ZHANG Hong,YUAN Shun,DONG Henan,et al. The multi-inverter coordinated control strategy of distributed generation[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2016,34(11):1626-1631.
[20]徐智威,胡泽春,宋永华,等.充电站内电动汽车有序充电策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(11):38-43.XU Zhiwei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al. Coordinated charging of plug-in electric vehicles in charging stations[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(11):38-43.
[2] Li X,Hui D,Lai X. Battery energy storage station(BESS)-based smoothing control of photovoltaic(PV)and wind power generation fluctuations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2013,4(2):464-473.
[3]Hodge B M,Ela E G,Milligan M. Characterizing and Modeling wind power forecast errors from operational systems for use in wind integration planning studies[J].Wind Engineering,2013,36(5):509-524.
[4]Kempton W,Tomi?J. Vehicle-to-Grid power fundamentals:calculating capacity and net revenue[J]. Journal of power sources,2005,144(1):268-279.
[5]Han X J,Chen F,Cui X W,et al. A power smoothing control strategy and optimized allocation of battery capacity based on hybrid storage energy technology[J]. Energies,2012,5(5):1593-1612.
[6]MARA F,SACCHETTI D,TRAEHOLT C,et al. Electric vehicle requirements for operation in smart grids[C]//2011 2nd IEEE PES International Conference and Exhibition on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies. Manchester,UK:IEEE Press,2011:1-7.
[7]Diaz-Gonzalez F,Andreas S,Oriol G,et al. A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications[J]. Renewable and Sustain-able Energy Reviews,2012,16(4):2154-2171.
[8]Banham-Hall D D,Taylor G A,Smith Chris A,et al.Flow batteries for enhancing wind power integration[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2012,27(3):1690-1697.
[9]Esmaili A,Novakovic B,Nasiri A. A hybrid system of Li-Ion capaci-tors and flow battery for dynamic wind energy support[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2013,49(4):1649-1657.
[10]Ontiveros L J,Mercado P E. Thyristor-based flexible ac transmission system for controlling the vanadium redox flow battery[J]. IET Re-newable Power Generation,2013,7(3):201-209.
[11]Ge B,Wang W,Bi D Q. Energy storage system-based power control for grid-connected wind power farm[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2013,44(1):115-122.
[12]王贵斌,赵俊华,文福拴,等.配电系统中电动汽车与可再生能源的随机协同调度[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(19):22-29.WANG Guibing,ZHAO Junhua,WEN Fushuan,et al.Stochastic optimization dispatching of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in coordination with renewable generation in distribution systems[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(19):22-29.
[13]Rajkumar M,Mahadevan K,Kannan S,et al. NSGA-II technique for multi-objective generation dispatch of thermal generators with nonsmooth fuel cost functions[J].Journal of Electrical Engineering&Technology,2014,9(2):423-432.
[14]Liyanage,K. M.,et al. Impacts of communication delay on the performance of a control scheme to minimize power fluctuations introduced by renewable generation under varying v2g vehicle pool size[C]//1st IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications.Natl Inst Sci&Technol, Gaithersburg, MD IEEE,2010:85-90.
[15] Galus M D,La Fauci R,Andersson G. Investigating PHEV wind balancing capabilities using heuristics and model predictive control[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting,2010 IEEE. IEEE,2010:1-8.
[16]Hutson C,Venayagamoorthy G K,Corzine K A. Intelligent scheduling of hybrid and electric vehicle storage capacity in a parking lot for profit maximization in grid power transactions[C]//Energy 2030 Conference, 2008.ENERGY 2008. IEEE. IEEE,2008:1-8.
[17]Saha,A. K.,Chowdhury,S.,Chowdhury,S. P.,et al.Modelling and simulation of microturbine in islanded and grid-connected mode as distributed energy resource[C]//Proceedings of power and Energy Society General Meeting. Pittsburgh,PA:IEEE PES,2008:4091-4097.
[18]张乐平.基于动态规划的电动汽车用户侧充电优化方法[J].电网与清洁能源,2013,29(8):117-121.ZHANG Leping. Customer-side optimization method of EV charging based on dynamic programming[J]. Power System and Clean Energy,2013,29(8):117-121.
[19]张弘,苑舜,董鹤楠,等.分布式发电系统多逆变器协调控制策略[J].可再生能源,2016,34(11):1626-1631.ZHANG Hong,YUAN Shun,DONG Henan,et al. The multi-inverter coordinated control strategy of distributed generation[J]. Renewable Energy Resources,2016,34(11):1626-1631.
[20]徐智威,胡泽春,宋永华,等.充电站内电动汽车有序充电策略[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(11):38-43.XU Zhiwei,HU Zechun,SONG Yonghua,et al. Coordinated charging of plug-in electric vehicles in charging stations[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(11):38-43.