点火位置对乳胶泡沫水平火蔓延规律的影响
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摘要
为研究点火位置对乳胶泡沫材料水平方向火蔓延规律的影响。搭建小尺寸实验平台,在距离材料中心点0(x1)、3.54 cm(x2)、7.08 cm(x3)、10.62 cm(x4)、14.16 cm(x5)、17.70 cm(x6)位置处点火,研究了试样表面温度、质量损失、火焰高度、火蔓延速度等特性参数的变化规律。结果表明,随着点火位置由材料中心点向边缘点移动,平均火蔓延速度分别为0.24、0.23、0.19、0.31、0.42、0.51 cm·s~(-1),呈现先减小后增大的规律;x3点火位置时的平均火焰高度较低,燃烧时间较长,平均质量损失速率较低,主要与火蔓延过程中的热量传递方式有关。研究结果显示了乳胶泡沫的火蔓延过程,得到了点火位置对火蔓延的影响规律。
A small-size experimental platform was developed to study the effect of ignition position on horizontal flame spread of 2 cm thickness latex foam. The ignition position was 0(x1), 3.54 cm(x2), 7.08 cm(x3), 10.62 cm(x4), 14.16 cm(x5) and 17.70 cm(x6) from the center point of the material surface. The characteristic parameters,such as surface temperature, mass loss, flame height and flame spread speed were measured during the tests. The results showed that the average flame spread rate is 0.24, 0.23, 0.19, 0.31, 0.42 and 0.51 cm·s~(-1) for the tests that the ignition position is far from the center point of the material. At the x3 ignition position condition, the average flame height and mass loss rate was lower and the combustion time was longer than the other tests due to the difference of the heat transfer mode. Then the heat transfer mechanism of the combustion process with different ignition position was analyzed.
A small-size experimental platform was developed to study the effect of ignition position on horizontal flame spread of 2 cm thickness latex foam. The ignition position was 0(x1), 3.54 cm(x2), 7.08 cm(x3), 10.62 cm(x4), 14.16 cm(x5) and 17.70 cm(x6) from the center point of the material surface. The characteristic parameters,such as surface temperature, mass loss, flame height and flame spread speed were measured during the tests. The results showed that the average flame spread rate is 0.24, 0.23, 0.19, 0.31, 0.42 and 0.51 cm·s~(-1) for the tests that the ignition position is far from the center point of the material. At the x3 ignition position condition, the average flame height and mass loss rate was lower and the combustion time was longer than the other tests due to the difference of the heat transfer mode. Then the heat transfer mechanism of the combustion process with different ignition position was analyzed.
引文
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[27]Huang D M,Zhang M Z,Shi L,et al.Fire behaviors of single and laminated natural latex foam[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2019,136:278-286.
[28]周洋.高原环境中硬质聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯泡沫的火蔓延特性研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.Zhou Y.Study on flame spread characteristics of rigid polyurethane and polystyrene foama at a high altitude[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2014.
[29]Jiang L,Xiao H,Zhou Y,et al.Theoretical and experimental study of width effects on horizontal flame spread over extruded and expanded polystyrene foam surfaces[J].Journal of Fire Sciences,2014,32(3):193-209.
[30]张明振,黄冬梅,原琪,等.不同点火位置时乳胶泡沫火蔓延特性[J].过程工程学报,2018,18(5):1029-1036.Zhang M Z,Huang D M,Yuan Q,et al.Flame propagation characteristics of latex foam at different ignition positions[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2018,18(5):1029-1036.
[31]Zhang Y,Huang X,Wang Q,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,189(1/2):34-39.
[32]Drysdale D.An Introduction to Fire Dynamics[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011:55-75.
[33]Ray S R,Fernandez-pello A C,Glassman I.A study of the heat transfer mechanisms in horizontal flame propagation[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1980,102(2):357-363.
[2]Fan H,Chen Y,Huang D M,et al.Kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of latex foam according to thermogravimetric analysis[J].International Journal of Ploymer Science,2016,2016:1-7.
[3]Huang D M,Zhang M Z,Guo C N,et al.Experimental investigations on the effects of bottom ventilation on the fire behavior of natural rubber latex foam[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,133:201-210.
[4]Wang X,Cheng X,Li L,et al.Effect of ignition condition on typical polymer.s melt flow flammability[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,190(1):766-771.
[5]黄新杰,孙金华,纪杰,等.不同外界环境下保温材料表面火蔓延规律研究[J].科学通报,2010,55(32):3147-3152.Huang X J,Sun J H,Ji J,et al.Study on fire spread pattern of insulating material under different external environment[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(32):3147-3152.
[6]万维,孙金华,李杰.环境氧浓度对可碳化固体可燃物表面火蔓延的影响[J].火灾科学,2008,17(2):73-76.Wan W,Sun J H,Li J.Flame spread over charring materials:the influence of ambient oxygen concentration[J].Fire Safety Science,2008,17(2):73-76.
[7]王喜世,廖光煊,范维澄,等.木材表面火蔓延特性的动态测量研究[J].火灾科学,2000,9(1):8-12.Wang X S,Liao G X,Fan W C,et al.Dynamic test study on flame spread characteristics over wood surface[J].Fire Safety Science,2000,9(1):8-12.
[8]齐丽婷,余永刚.薄片可燃物火蔓延速率的测量与计算[J].热科学与技术,2004,3(4):365-368.Qi L T,Yu Y G.Measurement and calculation of fire spreading velocity of combustible solids slics[J].Journal of Thermal Science and Technology,2004,3(4):365-368.
[9]Zhang Y,Sun J H,Huang X J,et al.Heat transfer mechanisms in horizontal flame spread over wood and extruded polystyrene surface[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2013,61(1):28-34.
[10]何学超,孙金华,卢国建,等.点火位置对弯管预混火焰传播特性的影响[J].燃烧科学与技术,2015,21(1):60-64.He X C,Sun J H,Lu G J,et al.Influence of ignition positions on the propagation of premixed flame in a curved duct[J].Journal of Combustion Science,2015,21(1):60-64.
[11]Xiao H,Duan Q,Lin J,et al.Effects of ignition location on premixed hydrogen/air flame propagation in a closed combustion tube[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2014,39(16):8557-8563.
[12]肖琳,张立新,徐丽艳,等.专用K型铠装热电偶制作工艺的研究[J].功能材料,2005,36(11):1725-1727.Xiao L,Zhang L X,Xu L Y,et al.The production research for specified armourd K-type thermocouple[J].Journal of Functional Materials,2005,36(11):1725-1727.
[13]魏可臻,张奇.热电偶热传导测温中的动态响应时间和误差估计[J].测试技术学报,2007,21(6):523-526.Wei K Z,Zhang Q.Dynamic response time and deviation estimate of thermocouple during heat-exchange temperature measurement[J].Journal of Test and Measurement Technology,2007,21(6):523-526.
[14]王林,靳红雨,吕东.基于MATLAB图像处理技术提取火焰高度[J].消防科学与技术,2017,36(3):366-369.Wang L,Jin H Y,Lyu D.Detection of flame tip height based on MATLAB image processing technology[J].Fire Science and Technology,2017,36(3):366-369.
[15]Jiang L,Miller C H,Gollner M J,et al.Sample width and thickness effects on horizontal flame spread over a thin PMMAsurface[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(2):2987-2994.
[16]Zhou Y,Xiao H,Yan W,et al.Horizontal flame spread characteristics of rigid polyurethane and molded polystyrene foams under externally applied radiation at two different altitudes[J].Fire Technology,2015,51(5):1195-1216.
[17]Mishra D P,Kumar P.Experimental investigation of laminar LPG-H2jet diffusion flame with preheated reactants[J].Fuel,2008,87(13/14):3091-3095.
[18]江平.航空煤油池火脉动频率试验研究[J].安全与环境学报,2016,16(4):76-81.Jiang P.Experimental study of the fluctuation frequencies of aviation fuel pool fires[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2016,16(4):76-81.
[19]Weise D R,Biging G S.Effects of wind velocity and slope on fire behavior[J].Fire Safety Science,1994,4(4):1041-1051.
[20]Linn R R,Cunningham P.Numerical simulations of grass fires using a coupled atmosphere-fire model:basic fire behavior and dependence on wind speed[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2005,110(13):107-126.
[21]Zhang B S,Zhang J Q,Wang X M,et al.Effects of air inlet configuration on forced-ventilation enclosure fires on a naval ship[J].Fire Technology,2016,52(2):547-562.
[22]Mouritz A P,Mathys Z,Gibson A G.Heat release of polymer composites in fire[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2006,37(7):1040-1054.
[23]Babrauskas V,Peacock R D.Heat release rate:the single most important variable in fire hazard[J].Fire Safety Journal,1992,18(3):255-272.
[24]钟委,霍然,史聪灵.热释放速率设定方式的几点讨论[J].自然灾害学报,2004,(2):64-69.Zhong W,Huo R,Shi C L.Some discussion on methodology to design heat release rate[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2004,(2):64-69.
[25]Quintiere J G.Fundamentals of Fire Phenomena[M].Chichester:John Wiley,2006:26.
[26]黄新杰,刘伟,陈功建,等.不同宽度及放置角度下聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的燃烧传热特性[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2017,33(7):88-93.Huang X J,Liu W,Chen G J,et al.Effects of width and incline angle on combustion and heat transfer characteristics of poly[J].Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2017,33(7):88-93.
[27]Huang D M,Zhang M Z,Shi L,et al.Fire behaviors of single and laminated natural latex foam[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2019,136:278-286.
[28]周洋.高原环境中硬质聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯泡沫的火蔓延特性研究[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.Zhou Y.Study on flame spread characteristics of rigid polyurethane and polystyrene foama at a high altitude[D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2014.
[29]Jiang L,Xiao H,Zhou Y,et al.Theoretical and experimental study of width effects on horizontal flame spread over extruded and expanded polystyrene foam surfaces[J].Journal of Fire Sciences,2014,32(3):193-209.
[30]张明振,黄冬梅,原琪,等.不同点火位置时乳胶泡沫火蔓延特性[J].过程工程学报,2018,18(5):1029-1036.Zhang M Z,Huang D M,Yuan Q,et al.Flame propagation characteristics of latex foam at different ignition positions[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2018,18(5):1029-1036.
[31]Zhang Y,Huang X,Wang Q,et al.Experimental study on the characteristics of horizontal flame spread over XPS surface on plateau[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,189(1/2):34-39.
[32]Drysdale D.An Introduction to Fire Dynamics[M].John Wiley&Sons,2011:55-75.
[33]Ray S R,Fernandez-pello A C,Glassman I.A study of the heat transfer mechanisms in horizontal flame propagation[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1980,102(2):357-363.