煤岩水力压裂裂缝扩展规律实验研究
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摘要
为了分析煤岩水力压裂裂缝扩展规律,采用真三维水力压裂物理模拟实验平台进行煤样真三轴水力压裂物理模拟实验,模拟不同地层应力、渐进角条件下煤样水力压裂过程。实验表明:天然裂隙和割理是影响煤岩裂缝扩展的重要因素,导致裂缝扩展规律复杂多样化;当水平应力差系数值kh>1时,水力压裂裂缝趋于沿最大水平主应力方向扩展,当kh值<1时,水力压裂裂缝趋于沿天然裂隙方向扩展,当kh值=1时,水力压裂裂缝扩展方向处于不定状态;渐近角对水力压裂裂缝扩展的影响程度总体上小于天然裂隙、割理和水平应力差,实验结果与煤矿井下压裂裂缝观测结果一致。
To analyze coal and rock hydraulic fracturing fissure outspread pattern, using true 3D volumetric display hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment platform carried out coal sample true 3D volumetric display tri-axial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment, to simulate coal sample hydraulic fracturing process under different strata stresses and angles of approach. The experiment has shown that the natural fissures and cleats are major factors to impact coal and rock fissure outspread, and cause fissure outspread pattern diversified. When the horizontal stress difference coefficient kh>1, fissure outspread tend to along the maximum horizontal principal stress orientation, when kh<1, tend to along natural fissure orientation, when kh=1, in a state of uncertainty. The impact from angle of approach on fissure outspread orientation is less than natural fissure, cleat and horizontal stress difference as a whole. The results of experiment are coincided with coalmine underground hydraulic fracturing fissures observation.
To analyze coal and rock hydraulic fracturing fissure outspread pattern, using true 3D volumetric display hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment platform carried out coal sample true 3D volumetric display tri-axial hydraulic fracturing physical simulation experiment, to simulate coal sample hydraulic fracturing process under different strata stresses and angles of approach. The experiment has shown that the natural fissures and cleats are major factors to impact coal and rock fissure outspread, and cause fissure outspread pattern diversified. When the horizontal stress difference coefficient kh>1, fissure outspread tend to along the maximum horizontal principal stress orientation, when kh<1, tend to along natural fissure orientation, when kh=1, in a state of uncertainty. The impact from angle of approach on fissure outspread orientation is less than natural fissure, cleat and horizontal stress difference as a whole. The results of experiment are coincided with coalmine underground hydraulic fracturing fissures observation.
引文
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[15]王香增.井—地电位法在煤层气井压裂裂缝监测中的应用[J].煤炭工程,2006,(5):36-37.
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[20]陈扬,姚艳斌,崔金榜,等.郑庄区块煤储层水力压裂裂缝扩展地质因素分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(7):98-102.
[21]倪小明,王延斌,接铭训,等.不同构造部位地应力对压裂裂缝形态的控制[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(5):505-508.
[22]唐书恒,朱宝存,颜志丰.地应力对煤层气井水力压裂裂缝发育的影响[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):65-69.
[23]李勇,汤达祯,许浩,等.鄂尔多斯盆地柳林地区煤储层地应力场特征及其对裂隙的控制作用[J].煤炭学报,2014,(Z1):164-168.
[24]杜春志,茅献彪,卜万奎.水力压裂时煤层裂缝的扩展分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):231-235.
[25]宋晨鹏,卢义玉,夏彬伟,等.天然裂缝对煤层水力压裂裂缝扩展的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,(5):756-760.
[26]程远方,徐太双,吴百烈,等.煤岩水力压裂裂缝形态实验研究[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(1):134-137.
[27]邓广哲,王世斌,黄炳香,等.煤岩水压裂缝扩展行为特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3489-3493.
[28]Blanton T L.Propagation of hydraulically and dynamically induced fractures in naturally fractured reservoirs[R].SPE 15261,1986:613-621.
[29]Blanton T L.An experimental study of interaction between hydraulically induced and pre-existing fractures[R].SPE/DOE 10847,1982:559-571.
[2]倪晓明,苏现波,张小东.煤层气开发地质学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012:88-100.
[3]单学军,张士诚,李安启,等.煤层气井压裂裂缝扩展规律分析[J].天然气工业,2005,25(1):130-132.
[4]Economides M J.Reservoir Stimulation[M].Third Edition.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1991:145-148.
[5]Beugelsdijk.Experimental Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in a Multifractured Medium[C].SPE 59419,2000.
[6]Haimson.Initiation and Extension of Hydraulic Fractures in Rocks[C].SPE 1710,1967.
[7]许露露,崔金榜,黄赛鹏,等.煤层气储层水力压裂裂缝扩展模型分析及应用[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):2068-2074.
[8]吴晓东,席长丰,王国强.煤层气井复杂水力压裂裂缝模型研究[J].天然气工业,2006,26(12):124-126.
[9]程远方,吴百烈,李娜,等.煤层压裂裂缝延伸及影响因素分析[J].特种油气藏,2013,20(2):126-129.
[10]程远方,吴百烈,袁征,等.煤层气井水力压裂“T”型缝延伸模型的建立及应用[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1430-1434.
[11]郝艳丽,王河清,李玉魁.煤层气井压裂施工压力与裂缝形态简析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):20-22.
[12]张小东,张鹏,刘浩,等.高煤级煤储层水力压裂裂缝扩展模型研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(4):573-579.
[13]单学军,张士诚,张遂安,等.华北地区煤层气井压裂裂缝监测及其扩展规律[J].煤田地质与勘探,2005,33(5):25-28.
[14]祁满意.焦坪矿区煤层气井压裂裂缝扩展规律研究[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(7):91-93.
[15]王香增.井—地电位法在煤层气井压裂裂缝监测中的应用[J].煤炭工程,2006,(5):36-37.
[16]武子玉.井地电位成像技术在煤层气水力压裂缝探测中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2006,34(6):63-64.
[17]张平,吴建光,孙唅森,等.煤层气井压裂裂缝井下微地震监测技术应用分析[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(23):6681-6685.
[18]冯晴,吴财芳,雷波.沁水盆地煤岩力学特征及其压裂裂缝的控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(3):100-103.
[19]朱宝存,唐书恒,张佳赞.煤岩与顶底板岩石力学性质及对煤储层压裂的影响[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(6):756-760.
[20]陈扬,姚艳斌,崔金榜,等.郑庄区块煤储层水力压裂裂缝扩展地质因素分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(7):98-102.
[21]倪小明,王延斌,接铭训,等.不同构造部位地应力对压裂裂缝形态的控制[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(5):505-508.
[22]唐书恒,朱宝存,颜志丰.地应力对煤层气井水力压裂裂缝发育的影响[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(1):65-69.
[23]李勇,汤达祯,许浩,等.鄂尔多斯盆地柳林地区煤储层地应力场特征及其对裂隙的控制作用[J].煤炭学报,2014,(Z1):164-168.
[24]杜春志,茅献彪,卜万奎.水力压裂时煤层裂缝的扩展分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(2):231-235.
[25]宋晨鹏,卢义玉,夏彬伟,等.天然裂缝对煤层水力压裂裂缝扩展的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,(5):756-760.
[26]程远方,徐太双,吴百烈,等.煤岩水力压裂裂缝形态实验研究[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(1):134-137.
[27]邓广哲,王世斌,黄炳香,等.煤岩水压裂缝扩展行为特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3489-3493.
[28]Blanton T L.Propagation of hydraulically and dynamically induced fractures in naturally fractured reservoirs[R].SPE 15261,1986:613-621.
[29]Blanton T L.An experimental study of interaction between hydraulically induced and pre-existing fractures[R].SPE/DOE 10847,1982:559-571.