基于填充海拔的金沙江南流泄口位置
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摘要
长江的发育演化尤其是东西贯通的时限问题,是百余年来地学界的焦点问题,金沙江水系的演化重组是长江演化中的关键一环。基于填充海拔的模型模拟以及物源示踪的梳理结果,讨论了金沙江在夷平面上南流汇入红河的可能性。结果显示当海拔填充至2 000～2 200 m时,金沙江水系格局发生重大变化,表现为金沙江在金江街一改东流之势,沿宾川盆地汇入古红河;古雅砻江在攀枝花附近转而向西,沿金沙江河谷经宾川盆地流入古红河,形成古红河的一级支流。推断哀牢山-红河断裂带、程海-宾川断裂带的活动及山体隆升特别是鸡足山的隆升可能阻断了上述南流泄口,切断了金沙江与红河的联系,从而形成今日江水东流的水系格局,这为古金沙江南流路径的研究提供了新的思路和方向。
The Yangtze River originates from the Tibetan Plateau and flows into the Pacific Ocean. Its formation and evolution, especially the timing of the connection of the Three Gorges, have been the world interests of researchers for more than 100 years, while the recombination of Jinsha River is a critical part for this interest. This paper discusses the possibility of the south flow of Jinsha River into the Red River on the planation surface based on the simulation of the filling elevation model and the results of the tracing of the source. This study reveals that when the planation surface of 2 000 m and 2 200 m altitude exists in Yunnan Plateau, the Jinsha River can flow southward. The upper Jinsha River flows southward from the Shigu town, and flows through the western side of the Jianchuan Basin, while the lower Jinsha River flows southward from Binchuan Town. The activities of Ailao Mountain-Red River Fault and Chenghai-Binchuan fault combined with the uplift of mountains have broken the connection between Jinsha River and Red River, and resulted in current river systems in SE margin of Tibetan Plateau.
The Yangtze River originates from the Tibetan Plateau and flows into the Pacific Ocean. Its formation and evolution, especially the timing of the connection of the Three Gorges, have been the world interests of researchers for more than 100 years, while the recombination of Jinsha River is a critical part for this interest. This paper discusses the possibility of the south flow of Jinsha River into the Red River on the planation surface based on the simulation of the filling elevation model and the results of the tracing of the source. This study reveals that when the planation surface of 2 000 m and 2 200 m altitude exists in Yunnan Plateau, the Jinsha River can flow southward. The upper Jinsha River flows southward from the Shigu town, and flows through the western side of the Jianchuan Basin, while the lower Jinsha River flows southward from Binchuan Town. The activities of Ailao Mountain-Red River Fault and Chenghai-Binchuan fault combined with the uplift of mountains have broken the connection between Jinsha River and Red River, and resulted in current river systems in SE margin of Tibetan Plateau.
引文
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[24] 杨达源,韩志勇,葛兆帅,等.金沙江石鼓-宜宾河段的贯通与深切地貌过程的研究[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(4):564-568.
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[31] 王中根,刘昌明,黄友波.SWAT模型的原理、结构及应用研究[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(1):79-86.
[32] Kong P,Granger D E,Wu F Y,et al.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of the Xigeda paleo-lake:Implications for evolution of the Middle Yangtze River[J].Earth & Planetary Science Letters,2009,278(2):131-141.
[33] 孔屏.金沙江何时开始向东流?[J].地质科学,2009,44(4):1256-1265.
[34] Kong P,Zheng Y,Caffee M W.Provenance and time constraints on the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2013,13(6):1-15.
[35] Gourbet L,Leloup P H,Paquette J L,et al.Reappraisal of the Jianchuan Cenozoic Basin stratigraphy and its implications on the SE Tibetan Plateau evolution[J].Tectonophysics,2017,700/701:162-179.
[36] 杨达源.长江研究[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2004 .
[37] Chen Y,Yan M,Fang X,et al.Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological and sedimentological study of the Simao Basin,Yunnan:Implications for the Early Cenozoic evolution of the Red River[J].Earth & Planetary Science Letters,2017,14:22-33.
[38] Hallet B,Molnar P.Distorted drainage basins as markers of crustal strain east of the Himalaya[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2001,106(B7):13697-13709.
[2] Yang R,Willett S D,Goren L.In situ low-relief landscape formation as a result of river network disruption[J].Nature,2015,520:526-529.
[3] 任美锷,包浩生,韩同春,等.云南西北部金沙江河谷地貌与河流袭夺问题[J].地理学报,1959,25(2):135-155.
[4] 何浩生,何科昭,朱祥民,等.滇西北金沙江河流袭夺的研究:兼与任美锷先生商榷[J].现代地质,1989,3(2):319-330.
[5] 何浩生,何科昭.滇西北沙溪—鸿文谷地的成因研究:金沙江河流袭夺问题的再商榷[J].现代地质,1991,5(3):280-289.
[6] 李承三.长江发育史[J].人民长江,1956(12):5-8.
[7] 袁复礼.长江河流发育史的补充研究[J].人民长江,1957(2):3-11.
[8] 沈玉昌,杨逸畴.滇西金沙江袭夺问题的新探讨[J].地理学报,1963,29(2):87-108.
[9] Brookfield M E.The evolution of the great river systems of southern Asia during the Cenozoic India-Asia collision:Rivers draining southwards[J].Geomorphology,1998,22(3/4):285-312.
[10] Clark M K,Schoenbohm L M,Royden L H,et al.Surface uplift,tectonics,and erosion of eastern Tibet from large-scale drainage patterns[J].Tectonics,2004,23:1-20.
[11] Clift P D,Blusztajn J,Nguyen D A.Large-scale drainage capture and surface uplift in eastern Tibet-SW China before 24 Ma inferred from sediments of the Hanoi Basin,Vietnam[J].Geophysical Research Letter,2006,33(19):1-5.
[12] Hong V L,Wu F Y,Clift P D,et al.Evaluating the evolution of the Red River system based on in situ U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analysis of zircons[J].Geochemistry Geophysicis Geosystem,2009,10(11):1-20.
[13] Yan Y,Carter A,Palk C,et al.Understanding sedimentation in the Songhong-Yinggehai Basin,South China Sea[J].Geochemstry Geophysicis Geosystem,2011,12(6):1-15.
[14] Wang C,Liang X,Xie Y,et al.Provenance of Upper Miocene to Quaternary sediments in the Yinggehai-Songhong Basin,South China Sea:Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages[J].Marine Geology,2014,17:202-217.
[15] Wei H H,Wang E,Wu G L,et al.No sedimentary records indicating southerly flow of the paleo-Upper Yangtze River from the First Bend in southeastern Tibet[J].Gondwana Research,2016,32:93-104.
[16] 郑洪波,魏晓椿,王平,等.长江的前世今生[J].中国科学:地球科学,2017,47(4):385-393.
[17] 张增杰,李长安,孙习林,等.长江上游表壳岩系Pb同位素组成特征及对三峡贯通的示踪意义[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(1):74-79,84.
[18] 刘引迪,李长安,袁胜元.江汉盆地周老孔0～108 m沉积物的稀土元素特征及其物源判别[J].地质科技情报,2011,30(1):47-50.
[19] 孙习林,李长安.碎屑白云母40Ar-39Ar示踪及在长江贯通研究中的应用探讨[J].地质科技情报,2010,29(6):121-127.
[20] Davis W M.The geographical cycle[J].Geographical Journal,1973,14(5):481-504.
[21] Davis W M.Baselevel,grade and peneplain[J].Journal of Geology,1902,10(1):77-111.
[22] 何回丽.金沙江金江街段河流阶地序列及形成年代研究[D].昆明:云南师范大学,2015.
[23] 明庆忠,潘玉君.对云南高原环境演化研究的重要性及环境演变的初步认知[J].地质力学学报,2002,8(4):361-368.
[24] 杨达源,韩志勇,葛兆帅,等.金沙江石鼓-宜宾河段的贯通与深切地貌过程的研究[J].第四纪研究,2008,28(4):564-568.
[25] 张叶春,李吉均,朱俊杰,等.晚新生代元谋盆地演化与河谷发育研究[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,1999,35(1):199-205.
[26] 杨达源,李郎平,黄典,等.云南高原隆升特点的初步研究[J].第四纪研究,2010,30(5):864-871.
[27] 陈思宇,王嘉学.云贵高原隆升研究进展[J].云南地理环境研究,2017,29(3):23-29.
[28] Arnold J G,Williams J R,Maidment D R.Continuous-time water and sediment-routing model for large basins[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1995,121(2):171-183.
[29] 王中根,刘昌明,吴险峰.基于DEM的分布式水文模型研究综述[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):168-173.
[30] 刘昌明,李道峰,田英,等.基于DEM的分布式水文模型在大尺度流域应用研究[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(5):437-445.
[31] 王中根,刘昌明,黄友波.SWAT模型的原理、结构及应用研究[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(1):79-86.
[32] Kong P,Granger D E,Wu F Y,et al.Cosmogenic nuclide burial ages and provenance of the Xigeda paleo-lake:Implications for evolution of the Middle Yangtze River[J].Earth & Planetary Science Letters,2009,278(2):131-141.
[33] 孔屏.金沙江何时开始向东流?[J].地质科学,2009,44(4):1256-1265.
[34] Kong P,Zheng Y,Caffee M W.Provenance and time constraints on the formation of the first bend of the Yangtze River[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2013,13(6):1-15.
[35] Gourbet L,Leloup P H,Paquette J L,et al.Reappraisal of the Jianchuan Cenozoic Basin stratigraphy and its implications on the SE Tibetan Plateau evolution[J].Tectonophysics,2017,700/701:162-179.
[36] 杨达源.长江研究[M].南京:河海大学出版社,2004 .
[37] Chen Y,Yan M,Fang X,et al.Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronological and sedimentological study of the Simao Basin,Yunnan:Implications for the Early Cenozoic evolution of the Red River[J].Earth & Planetary Science Letters,2017,14:22-33.
[38] Hallet B,Molnar P.Distorted drainage basins as markers of crustal strain east of the Himalaya[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,2001,106(B7):13697-13709.