计及高压隔离开关设备的UHVDC系统FTA评估
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摘要
根据特高压直流输电(UHVDC)系统实际结构建立了横向和纵向故障树分析(FTA)模型,分析了2种模型的差异,基于此构造计及高压隔离开关设备的UHVDC系统FTA模型。采用模块分解法、改进的最小路集(MPS)法解决FTA的非确定多项式(NP)问题。求取了UHVDC可靠性指标。算例分析结果表明:采用所提方法后,FTA的计算量明显降低;与横向建模相比,纵向建模时双极故障、1/2单极运行的概率和故障频率较低、持续时间较短,等效停运小时数较低,能量可用率较高;隔离开关对系统双极故障、单极停运影响最明显,接地开关对其他运行方式影响最明显;旁路开关对1/2双极运行和3/4双极运行有影响;直流转换开关仅对双极故障有明显的影响。
The horizontal and vertical FTA(Fault Tree Analysis) mode ls are established according to the actual structure of UHVDC(Ultra High Voltage Direct Current) and the difference between two models is analyzed,based on which,the FTA models including the high-voltage disconnectors are built. The modular decomposition and the improved MPS( Minimal Path Set) method are applied to solve the NP( Nonde-terminstic Polynomial) problem of FTA. The reliability indices of UHVDC are calculated. The results of case study show that,the computing load of the proposed method for FTA is obviously reduced;for the bipolar outage and 1 / 2 monopolar operating modes,the vertical FTA model has lower probability and frequency,shorter duration and equivalent outage hours and higher energy availability than the horizontal FTA model;the disconnctor has obvious influence on the bipolar outage and monopolar outage operating modes while the grounding switch on other operating modes;the bypass switch has influence on the 1 / 2bipolar and 3 / 4 bipolar operating modes;the DC transfer switches has influence on the bipolar outage operating mode.
The horizontal and vertical FTA(Fault Tree Analysis) mode ls are established according to the actual structure of UHVDC(Ultra High Voltage Direct Current) and the difference between two models is analyzed,based on which,the FTA models including the high-voltage disconnectors are built. The modular decomposition and the improved MPS( Minimal Path Set) method are applied to solve the NP( Nonde-terminstic Polynomial) problem of FTA. The reliability indices of UHVDC are calculated. The results of case study show that,the computing load of the proposed method for FTA is obviously reduced;for the bipolar outage and 1 / 2 monopolar operating modes,the vertical FTA model has lower probability and frequency,shorter duration and equivalent outage hours and higher energy availability than the horizontal FTA model;the disconnctor has obvious influence on the bipolar outage and monopolar outage operating modes while the grounding switch on other operating modes;the bypass switch has influence on the 1 / 2bipolar and 3 / 4 bipolar operating modes;the DC transfer switches has influence on the bipolar outage operating mode.
引文
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[18]国家能源局.中华人民共和国电力行业标准:DL/T 999—2013[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2013.
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[2]郑晓东,邰能灵,杨光亮,等.特高压直流输电系统的建模与仿真[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(7):10-14,61.ZHENG Xiaodong,TAI Nengling,YANG Guangliang,et al.Modeling and simulation of UHVDC system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2012,32(7):10-14,61.
[3]莫丽琼.±800 k V特高压直流输电系统谐波不稳定研究[J].电力自动化设备,2012,32(5):118-122,146.MO Liqiong.Study of harmonic instability for±800 k V UHVDC system[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2012,32(5):118-122,146.
[4]曾庆禹.特高压交直流输电系统可靠性分析[J].电网技术,2013,37(10):2681-2688.ZENG Qingyu.Analysis on reliability of UHVAC and UHVDC transmission systems[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(10):2681-2688.
[5]WANG Longjun,WANG Gang,LI Bo.Reliability evaluation of UHVDC systems using Monte Carlo simulation[C]∥Power&Energy Society General Meeting.Calgary,AB,Canada:IEEE,2009:1-6.
[6]李生虎,马燕如,陈鹏,等.UHVDC系统可靠性分层等值与灵敏度分解[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(22):9-17.LI Shenghu,MA Yanru,CHEN Peng,et al.Hierarchical reliability equivalence and sensitivity decomposition to UHVDC system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(22):9-17.
[7]周静,马为民,蒋维勇,等.特高压直流工程的可靠性[J].高电压技术,2010,36(1):173-179.ZHOU Jing,MA Weimin,JIANG Weiyong,et al.Reliability about UHVDC project[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(1):173-179.
[8]张雪松,王超,常勇,等.GO法在特高压直流输电可靠性研究中的应用[J].高电压技术,2009,35(2):236-241.ZHANG Xuesong,WANG Chao,CHANG Yong,et al.Reliability analysis of UHVDC system by the GO methodology[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(2):236-241.
[9]彭畅,温家良,马国华,等.特高压直流输电系统中直流转换开关的电流转换分析与仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(36):1-7.PENG Chang,WEN Jialiang,MA Guohua,et al.Analysis and simulation on current commutation of the DC transfer switches in UHVDC transmission systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(36):1-7.
[10]史亚斌,殷晓刚,武星,等.高压开关设备可靠性数据库的开发与应用[J].高压电器,2014,50(6):133-138.SHI Yabin,YIN Xiaogang,WU Xing,et al.Development and application of the high-voltage switchgear reliability database[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2014,50(6):133-138.
[11]张静伟,任震,黄雯莹.直流系统可靠性故障树评估模型及应用[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(6):62-65.ZHANG Jingwei,REN Zhen,HUANG Wenying.FTA models and its application in HVDC system evaluation[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2005,25(6):62-65.
[12]罗航.故障树分析的若干关键问题研究[D].成都:电子科技大学,2011.LUO Hang.Research on some key problems for fault tree analysis[D].Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2011.
[13]全国高压开关设备标准化技术委员会.高压直流转换开关:GB/T 25309—2010[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[14]全国高压开关设备标准化技术委员会.高压直流隔离开关和接地开关:GB/T 25091—2010[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[15]全国高压开关设备标准化技术委员会.高压直流旁路开关:GB/T 25307—2010[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2010.
[16]曹晋华,程侃.可靠性数学引论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:103-119.
[17]HUANG Zhixi.Calculating the failure frequency of a repairable system[J].Microelectronics Reliability,1982,22(5):945-947.
[18]国家能源局.中华人民共和国电力行业标准:DL/T 999—2013[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2013.
[19]任震,梁振升,黄雯莹.交直流混合输电系统可靠性指标的灵敏度分析[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(14):33-37.REN Zhen,LIANG Zhensheng,HUANG Wenying.Sensitivity analysis of AC/DC hybrid transmission system reliability indices[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2004,28(14):33-37.