计及运行工况的MMC换流阀可靠性建模与分析
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摘要
模块化多电平换流器(MMC)换流阀作为高压直流输电系统的核心设备,其可靠性关系到整个输电系统的安全稳定运行。以典型高压直流输电MMC换流阀为例,考虑换流阀运行工况,建立基于故障树分析方法的MMC换流阀的可靠性模型,并对其薄弱环节进行分析。首先,建立融入换流阀运行工况IGBT、二极管等元件的故障率模型;其次,考虑MMC换流阀功率模块和外围控制保护系统等,运用故障树分析方法,建立MMC换流阀故障树模型,得到相应可靠性指标的表达式;最后,根据可靠性指标公式计算各元件的故障率,采用概率灵敏度和关键灵敏度指标,辨识MMC换流阀的薄弱环节。结果表明:在整流和逆变工况下,MMC换流阀和元件的故障率最大,而在纯无功工况下故障率最小; IGBT模块和电源供给是MMC换流阀的薄弱环节,MMC子模块性能对换流阀可靠性的影响最为显著。
As the core equipment of HVDC( High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system,the reliability of MMC( Modular Multilevel Converter) converter valve is related to the safe and stable operation of the whole transmission system. Considering the influence of working condition,the reliability model is established and the weak components are analyzed for the traditional HVDC transmission MMC converter valve based on the fault tree analysis method. Firstly,the failure rate models of IGBT and diode are established considering the influence of operating conditions. Then,the fault tree model of the MMC converter valve is established by the fault tree analysis method,and the corresponding reliability index formulas are obtained considering the power module and peripheral control protection system. Finally,the failure rate of each component is calculated according to the reliability index formula,and the weak components of the MMC converter valve are identified based on the probability sensitivity and the critical sensitivity indexes. The results show that the failure rate of the MMC converter valve and component is biggest under the conditions of rectifier and inverter,and the failure rate is smallest under pure reactive power condition,the IGBT module and the power supply are the weak components of the MMC valve,and the performance of the MMC submodule has the most significant influence on the reliability of the valve.
As the core equipment of HVDC( High Voltage Direct Current) transmission system,the reliability of MMC( Modular Multilevel Converter) converter valve is related to the safe and stable operation of the whole transmission system. Considering the influence of working condition,the reliability model is established and the weak components are analyzed for the traditional HVDC transmission MMC converter valve based on the fault tree analysis method. Firstly,the failure rate models of IGBT and diode are established considering the influence of operating conditions. Then,the fault tree model of the MMC converter valve is established by the fault tree analysis method,and the corresponding reliability index formulas are obtained considering the power module and peripheral control protection system. Finally,the failure rate of each component is calculated according to the reliability index formula,and the weak components of the MMC converter valve are identified based on the probability sensitivity and the critical sensitivity indexes. The results show that the failure rate of the MMC converter valve and component is biggest under the conditions of rectifier and inverter,and the failure rate is smallest under pure reactive power condition,the IGBT module and the power supply are the weak components of the MMC valve,and the performance of the MMC submodule has the most significant influence on the reliability of the valve.
引文
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[18]陆丹,袁越.基于故障树蒙特卡洛模拟法的孤岛微电网薄弱环节识别[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(4):38-44.LU Dan,YUAN Yue.Weak part identification based on fault-tree Monte Carlo simulation for islanded microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(4):38-44.
[19]李生虎,华玉婷,董王朝,等.计及高压隔离开关设备的UHVDC系统FTA评估[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):74-80.LI Shenghu,HUA Yuting,DONG Wangchao,et al.FTA of UHVDCsystem including high-voltage disconnectors[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):74-80.
[2]董云龙,凌卫家,田杰,等.舟山多端柔性直流输电控制保护系统[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(7):169-175.DONG Yunlong,LING Weijia,TIAN Jie,et al.Control&protection system for Zhoushan multi-terminal VSC-HVDC[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(7):169-175.
[3]WESTERWELLER T,FRIEDRICH K,ARMONIES U,et al.Trans bay cable-world's first HVDC system using multilevel voltagesourced converter[C]∥Procee-dings of CIGRE.Paris,France:CI-GRE,2010:1-7.
[4]马为民,吴方劫,杨一鸣,等.柔性直流输电技术的现状及应用前景分析[J].高电压技术,2014,40(8):2429-2439.MA Weimin,WU Fangjie,YANG Yiming,et al.Flexible HVDCtransmission technology's today and tomorrow[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(8):2429-2439.
[5]丁明,王京景,宋倩.基于k/n(G)模型的柔性直流输电系统换流阀可靠性建模与冗余性分析[J].电网技术,2008,32(21):32-36.DING Ming,WANG Jingjing,SONG Qian.Reliability modeling and redundancy analysis of converter valves for VSC-HVDC power transmission system based on k-out-of-n:G model[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(21):32-36.
[6]郭焕,温家良,汤广福,等.直流输电换流阀主电路的可靠性分析与优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(增刊1):39-43.GUO Huan,WEN Jialiang,TANG Guangfu,et al.Reliability analysis and optimal design of main circuit within HVDC thyristor valve[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2009,29(Supplement 1):39-43.
[7]王秀丽,郭静丽,庞辉,等.模块化多电平换流器的结构可靠性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(7):1908-1914.WANG Xiuli,GUO Jingli,PANG Hui,et al.Structural reliability analysis of modular multi-level converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(7):1908-1914.
[8]BUSCA C,TEODORESCU R,BLAABJERG F,et al.An overview of the reliability prediction related aspects of high power IGBTs in wind power applications[J].Microelectronics Reliability,2011,51(9):1903-1907.
[9]JOSEF L,HEINRICH S,UWE S,et al.Semiconductor power devices[M].New York,USA:IEEE Press,2011:360-368.
[10]ZORAN M,VLADO S.Lifetime modeling and prediction of power devices[C]∥Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Integrated Power Systems(CIPS).Nuremberg,Germany:IEEE,2008:1-9.
[11]PECHT M,GU J.Physics-of-failure-based prognostics for electronic products[J].Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control,2009,31(3):309-322.
[12]FIDES Group.Reliability methodology for electronic systems[EB/OL].[2017-05-23].http:∥www.docin.com/p-448800074.html.
[13]姜海波,翟宾,贺新征,等.高压直流输电换流阀冷却系统可靠性评估[J].电力安全技术,2014,16(5):60-63.JIANG Haibo,ZHAI Bin,HE Xinzheng,et al.Reliability assessment of the cooling system in HVDC system[J].Power Security Technology,2014,16(5):60-63.
[14]周家启,陈炜骏,谢开贵,等.高压直流输电系统可靠性灵敏度分析模型[J].电网技术,2007,31(19):18-23.ZHOU Jiaqi,CHEN Weijun,XIE Kaigui,et al.A sensitivity analysis model of HVDC transmission system reliability evaluation[J].Power System Technology,2007,31(19):18-23.
[15]李强,庞辉,贺之渊.模块化多电平换流器损耗与结温的解析计算方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(4):85-91.LI Qiang,PANG Hui,HE Zhiyuan.Analytic calculating method for loss and junction temperature of modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(4):85-91.
[16]王海田,汤广福,贺之渊,等.模块化多电平换流器的损耗计算[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(2):112-118.WANG Haitian,TANG Guangfu,HE Zhiyuan,et al.Power losses calculation of modular multilevel converter[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(2):112-118.
[17]屠卿瑞,徐政.基于结温反馈方法的模块化多电平换流器型高压直流输电阀损耗评估[J].高电压技术,2012,38(6):1506-1512.TU Qingrui,XU Zheng.Dissipation analysis of MMC-HVDC based on junction temperature feedback method[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(6):1506-1512.
[18]陆丹,袁越.基于故障树蒙特卡洛模拟法的孤岛微电网薄弱环节识别[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(4):38-44.LU Dan,YUAN Yue.Weak part identification based on fault-tree Monte Carlo simulation for islanded microgrid[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(4):38-44.
[19]李生虎,华玉婷,董王朝,等.计及高压隔离开关设备的UHVDC系统FTA评估[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(1):74-80.LI Shenghu,HUA Yuting,DONG Wangchao,et al.FTA of UHVDCsystem including high-voltage disconnectors[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(1):74-80.