高碳基肥对烤烟生长及土壤微生物碳代谢多样性特征的影响
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摘要
为探究施用高碳基肥对植烟土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响,采用田间试验研究了不同高碳基肥施用量(0、0.9、1.5和1.8 t/hm~2)处理对烟株生长发育、土壤理化性质和烤后烟叶品质的影响,并利用Biolog-ECO方法分析了土壤微生物碳代谢多样性特征。结果表明:(1)0.9～1.5 t/hm~2高碳基肥显著促进了烤烟株高、茎围、最大叶面积和根系干重等指标,1.8 t/hm~2施用量促进效果明显降低;(2)与对照相比,施用高碳基肥能够降低土壤含水率、提高土壤pH值和微生物量碳氮比;(3)Biologe-ECO分析表明,土壤微生物平均颜色变化率和多样性指数均以施用高碳基肥1.5 t/hm~2处理最高,同时土壤微生物对氨基酸类、聚合物类、碳水化合物类和羧酸类碳源利用率亦有显著提高。主成分分析表明,施用高碳基肥显著改变了土壤微生物功能群落结构,且以1.5 t/hm~2高碳基肥处理下微生物碳代谢多样性得分最高;(4)施用高碳基肥能够改善烤后烟叶化学品质,以1.5 t/hm~2处理效果最佳,总糖、还原糖和钾含量分别较对照显著提高22.81%、35.72%、25.61%。综合来看,许昌烟区高碳基肥的最适宜施用量为1.5 t/hm~2。
To explore the effects of high-carbon basal application on the functional diversity of microbial communities in tobacco-planting soil,field trials were conducted to study the effects of different high-carbon basal rates(0,0.9,1.5 and1.8 t/hm~2)on the growth and development of tobacco plants. The physical and chemical properties of soil and the quality of roasted tobacco leaves were analyzed. Biolog-ECO method was used to analyze the diversity of soil microbial carbon metabolism. The results showed that:(1)0.9 ～ 1.5 t/hm~2 high-carbon base fertilizer significantly promoted the plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area,and root dry weight of flue-cured tobacco,and the effect of application of 1.8 t/hm~2 was significantly reduced;(2)Compared with the control,the application of high-carbon basal fertilizer reduced the soil moisture content,increased the soil pH value and the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to nitrogen;(3)Biologe-ECO analysis showed that the AWCD value and diversity index of soil microorganisms were the highest with the application of highcarbon basal fertilizer 1.5 t/hm~2,and the soil microbial utilization rates of amino acids,polymers,carbohydrates,and carboxylic acids were also significantly increased. The principal component analysis showed that the application of high-carbon basal fertilizer significantly changed the microbial community structure in the soil,and the microbial carbon metabolism diversity score was the highest under the treatment of high-carbon base fertilizer with 1.5 t/hm~2;(4)The application of highcarbon base fertilizer improved the chemical quality of cured tobacco leaves. The best treatment effect was 1.5 t/hm~2. The contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium increased by 22.81%,35.72% and 25.61% respectively compared with the control. Taken together,the optimum application rate of high-carbon basal fertilizer in Xuchang tobacco area is 1.5 t/hm~2.
To explore the effects of high-carbon basal application on the functional diversity of microbial communities in tobacco-planting soil,field trials were conducted to study the effects of different high-carbon basal rates(0,0.9,1.5 and1.8 t/hm~2)on the growth and development of tobacco plants. The physical and chemical properties of soil and the quality of roasted tobacco leaves were analyzed. Biolog-ECO method was used to analyze the diversity of soil microbial carbon metabolism. The results showed that:(1)0.9 ～ 1.5 t/hm~2 high-carbon base fertilizer significantly promoted the plant height,stem circumference,maximum leaf area,and root dry weight of flue-cured tobacco,and the effect of application of 1.8 t/hm~2 was significantly reduced;(2)Compared with the control,the application of high-carbon basal fertilizer reduced the soil moisture content,increased the soil pH value and the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to nitrogen;(3)Biologe-ECO analysis showed that the AWCD value and diversity index of soil microorganisms were the highest with the application of highcarbon basal fertilizer 1.5 t/hm~2,and the soil microbial utilization rates of amino acids,polymers,carbohydrates,and carboxylic acids were also significantly increased. The principal component analysis showed that the application of high-carbon basal fertilizer significantly changed the microbial community structure in the soil,and the microbial carbon metabolism diversity score was the highest under the treatment of high-carbon base fertilizer with 1.5 t/hm~2;(4)The application of highcarbon base fertilizer improved the chemical quality of cured tobacco leaves. The best treatment effect was 1.5 t/hm~2. The contents of total sugar,reducing sugar and potassium increased by 22.81%,35.72% and 25.61% respectively compared with the control. Taken together,the optimum application rate of high-carbon basal fertilizer in Xuchang tobacco area is 1.5 t/hm~2.
引文
[1]刘国顺.烟草栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[2]贾健,朱金峰,杜修智,等.不同种植模式对土壤酶、烤烟生长及烟叶致香成分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(3):141-149.
[3]时安东,李建伟,袁玲.轮间作系统对烤烟产量、品质和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2):411-418.
[4]邓阳春,黄建国.长期连作对烤烟产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):840-845.
[5]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(3):456-460.
[6]尤垂淮,高峰,王峰吉,等.连作对云南烤烟根际微生态及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):60-67.
[7]Mimmo T,Del B D,Terzano R,et al.Rhizospheric organic compounds in the soil-microorganism-plant system:their role in iron availability[J].Eur J Soil Sci,2015,65(5):629-642.
[8]薛超,黄启为,凌宁,等.连作土壤微生物区系分析、调控及高通量研究方法[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):612-618.
[9]华菊玲,刘光荣,黄劲松.连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2936-2942.
[10]Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biota-A review[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2011,43(9):1812-1836.
[11]Jeffery S,Verheijen F G A,Velde M V D,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agr Ecosyst Environ,2011,144(1):175-187.
[12]丁艳丽,刘杰,王莹莹.生物炭对农田土壤微生物生态的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3311-3317.
[13]周小红.高碳基土壤修复肥对江西烤烟内在品质及产量的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
[14]张子颖,许家来,李现道,等.绿色木霉配施高碳基肥料对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):79-86.
[15]GB/T 23221-2008,烤烟栽培技术规程[S].北京:中国烟草总公司,2008.
[16]YC/T 142-2010,烟草农艺性状调查方法[S].北京:国家烟草专卖局,2010.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.
[18]陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等.有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):160-167.
[19]Buyer J S,Kaufman D D.Microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of corn grown under conventional and low-input systems[J].Appl Soil Ecol,1997,5(1):21-27.
[20]Joergensen R G,Emmerling C.Methods for evaluating human impact on soil microorganisms based on their activity,biomass,and diversity in agricultural soils[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,2006,169(3):295-309.
[21]王晓玥,蒋瑀霁,隋跃宇,等.田间条件下小麦和玉米秸秆腐解过程中微生物群落的变化-BIOLOG分析[J].土壤学报,2012,49(5):1003-1011.
[22]Bradley R L,Shipley B,Beaulieu C.Refining numerical approaches for analyzing soil microbial community catabolic profiles based on carbon source utilization patterns[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38(3):629-632.
[23]Preston-Mafham J,Boddy L,Randerson P F.Analysis of microbial community functional diversity using sole-carbon-source utilisation profiles-acritique[J].Fems Microbiol Ecol,2002,42(1):1-14.
[24]邓娇娇,周永斌,殷有,等.油松和蒙古栎混交对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3028-3035.
[25]刘卉,周清明,刘勇军,等.生物炭对烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(10):73-81.
[26]叶协锋,李志鹏,于晓娜,等.生物炭用量对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(5):33-41.
[27]李昌见,屈忠义,勾芒芒,等.生物炭对土壤水肥热效应的影响试验研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,(7):1141-1147.
[28]Verheijen F G A,Jeffery S,Bastos A C,et al.Biochar application to soils:A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties,processes and functions[M].Biochar Application to Soils-A Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties,Processes and Functions,2009.
[29]罗煜,赵小蓉,李贵桐,等.生物质炭对不同pH值土壤矿质氮含量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):166-173.
[30]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[31]赵兰凤,张新明,程根,等.生物炭对菜园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4754-4762.
[32]Hockaday W C,GrannasA M,Kim S H,et al.The transformation and mobility of charcoal in a fire-impacted watershed[J].Geochim Cosmochim Ac,2007,71(14):3432-3445.
[33]Covacevich F,Marino M A,Echeverría H E.The phosphorus source determines the arbuscular mycorrhizal potential and the native mycorrhizal colonization of tall fescue and wheatgrass[J].Eur J Soil Biol,2006,42(3):127-138.
[34]Ameloot N,Graber E R,Fga V,et al.Interactions between biochar stability and soil organisms:review and research needs[J].Eur J Soil Sci,2013,64(4):379-390.
[35]Danield W,Daniell M,Brooke M B,et al.Influences of nonherbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils:Results from growth-chamber and field experiments[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2010,46(3):450-456.
[36]郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):6-12.
[2]贾健,朱金峰,杜修智,等.不同种植模式对土壤酶、烤烟生长及烟叶致香成分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(3):141-149.
[3]时安东,李建伟,袁玲.轮间作系统对烤烟产量、品质和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(2):411-418.
[4]邓阳春,黄建国.长期连作对烤烟产量和土壤养分的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(4):840-845.
[5]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(3):456-460.
[6]尤垂淮,高峰,王峰吉,等.连作对云南烤烟根际微生态及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):60-67.
[7]Mimmo T,Del B D,Terzano R,et al.Rhizospheric organic compounds in the soil-microorganism-plant system:their role in iron availability[J].Eur J Soil Sci,2015,65(5):629-642.
[8]薛超,黄启为,凌宁,等.连作土壤微生物区系分析、调控及高通量研究方法[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):612-618.
[9]华菊玲,刘光荣,黄劲松.连作对芝麻根际土壤微生物群落的影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(9):2936-2942.
[10]Lehmann J,Rillig M C,Thies J,et al.Biochar effects on soil biota-A review[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2011,43(9):1812-1836.
[11]Jeffery S,Verheijen F G A,Velde M V D,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agr Ecosyst Environ,2011,144(1):175-187.
[12]丁艳丽,刘杰,王莹莹.生物炭对农田土壤微生物生态的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3311-3317.
[13]周小红.高碳基土壤修复肥对江西烤烟内在品质及产量的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.
[14]张子颖,许家来,李现道,等.绿色木霉配施高碳基肥料对烤烟生长及经济效益的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2016,22(5):79-86.
[15]GB/T 23221-2008,烤烟栽培技术规程[S].北京:中国烟草总公司,2008.
[16]YC/T 142-2010,烟草农艺性状调查方法[S].北京:国家烟草专卖局,2010.
[17]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1990.
[18]陈安强,付斌,鲁耀,等.有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(21):160-167.
[19]Buyer J S,Kaufman D D.Microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of corn grown under conventional and low-input systems[J].Appl Soil Ecol,1997,5(1):21-27.
[20]Joergensen R G,Emmerling C.Methods for evaluating human impact on soil microorganisms based on their activity,biomass,and diversity in agricultural soils[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,2006,169(3):295-309.
[21]王晓玥,蒋瑀霁,隋跃宇,等.田间条件下小麦和玉米秸秆腐解过程中微生物群落的变化-BIOLOG分析[J].土壤学报,2012,49(5):1003-1011.
[22]Bradley R L,Shipley B,Beaulieu C.Refining numerical approaches for analyzing soil microbial community catabolic profiles based on carbon source utilization patterns[J].Soil Biol Biochem,2006,38(3):629-632.
[23]Preston-Mafham J,Boddy L,Randerson P F.Analysis of microbial community functional diversity using sole-carbon-source utilisation profiles-acritique[J].Fems Microbiol Ecol,2002,42(1):1-14.
[24]邓娇娇,周永斌,殷有,等.油松和蒙古栎混交对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3028-3035.
[25]刘卉,周清明,刘勇军,等.生物炭对烤烟生长及烟叶质量的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(10):73-81.
[26]叶协锋,李志鹏,于晓娜,等.生物炭用量对植烟土壤碳库及烤后烟叶质量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(5):33-41.
[27]李昌见,屈忠义,勾芒芒,等.生物炭对土壤水肥热效应的影响试验研究[J].生态环境学报,2014,(7):1141-1147.
[28]Verheijen F G A,Jeffery S,Bastos A C,et al.Biochar application to soils:A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties,processes and functions[M].Biochar Application to Soils-A Critical Scientific Review of Effects on Soil Properties,Processes and Functions,2009.
[29]罗煜,赵小蓉,李贵桐,等.生物质炭对不同pH值土壤矿质氮含量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(19):166-173.
[30]尚杰,耿增超,陈心想,等.施用生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳、氮及其组分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(3):509-517.
[31]赵兰凤,张新明,程根,等.生物炭对菜园土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4754-4762.
[32]Hockaday W C,GrannasA M,Kim S H,et al.The transformation and mobility of charcoal in a fire-impacted watershed[J].Geochim Cosmochim Ac,2007,71(14):3432-3445.
[33]Covacevich F,Marino M A,Echeverría H E.The phosphorus source determines the arbuscular mycorrhizal potential and the native mycorrhizal colonization of tall fescue and wheatgrass[J].Eur J Soil Biol,2006,42(3):127-138.
[34]Ameloot N,Graber E R,Fga V,et al.Interactions between biochar stability and soil organisms:review and research needs[J].Eur J Soil Sci,2013,64(4):379-390.
[35]Danield W,Daniell M,Brooke M B,et al.Influences of nonherbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in roots and soils:Results from growth-chamber and field experiments[J].Appl Soil Ecol,2010,46(3):450-456.
[36]郑加玉,张忠锋,程森,等.稻壳生物炭对整治烟田土壤养分及烟叶产质量的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):6-12.