联合国全球契约的规范传播机制研究
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摘要
联合国全球契约作为一个包括商业界、公民社会及各国政府的合作平台,也是一个典型的规范传播平台,其倡导的10项原则以《世界人权宣言》、国际劳工组织《关于工作中的基本原则和权利宣言》、《关于环境和发展的里约原则》以及《联合国反腐败条约》等一系列原则和宣言为基础,聚焦劳工、人权、环境保护和反腐败四大领域。本文旨在结合联合国全球契约相关机制和倡议,以组织传播学的视角对联合国全球契约框架下的规范传播机制进行分析,概括其在横向传播和纵向传播方向上的传播路径和传播机制。
The UN Global Compact is not only a platform for cooperation among business communities,civil societies and national governments,but also a typical platform for diffusing norms. The ten principles that it advocates are based on a series of principles and declarations such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,the ILO's Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work,the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,and the United Nations Convention against Corruption,focusing on the four major areas of labor,human rights,environmental protection and anti-corruption. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanism of diffusion of the norms in the framework of the UN Global Compact from the perspective of organizational communication,and to summarize its diffusion path and diffusion mechanism in the direction of horizontal and vertical communication,by incorporating the mechanisms and initiatives related to the UN Global Compact.
The UN Global Compact is not only a platform for cooperation among business communities,civil societies and national governments,but also a typical platform for diffusing norms. The ten principles that it advocates are based on a series of principles and declarations such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,the ILO's Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work,the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development,and the United Nations Convention against Corruption,focusing on the four major areas of labor,human rights,environmental protection and anti-corruption. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanism of diffusion of the norms in the framework of the UN Global Compact from the perspective of organizational communication,and to summarize its diffusion path and diffusion mechanism in the direction of horizontal and vertical communication,by incorporating the mechanisms and initiatives related to the UN Global Compact.
引文
(1)全球问题的凸显,“治理”思潮的出现,NGO影响力上升以及全球化的急速发展被认为是全球契约诞生的重要背景。对于其发展程度及其贡献,有学者从全球视角对全球契约10年的发展成效作了简要总结,认为全球契约在发展的第一个10年里在规模和影响力方面都有较大提升,不仅推动了国际规范的传播,同时也塑造了关键问题领域的全球议程;此外,联合国全球契约不仅给予企业在经济全球化背景下参与国际事务的机会,改良全球化模式,同时也有利于树立企业形象,扩大企业知名度,为企业在盈利性和社会性之间找到了平衡的平台。还有学者从国际政治社会学视角对全球契约的影响进行了论述:首先,全球契约作为治理理论的一次实践与完善,在改善联合国与企业的关系,凸显全球治理的作用以及促进国际规范的传播三个角度促进了国际社会的发展;其次,全球契约也加速了国际行为主体多元化发展趋势,拓展了国际合作的模式,同时也提升了低级政治领域议题的重要性。关于对联合国全球契约的评价,有文章从对联合国全球契约的有效性分析入手,认为对联合国软实力的运用,利益契合点的寻找,国际组织和政府的认可,契约的开放性与包容性,多中心治理架构的灵活性是其显著的优点,但全球契约在未来发展中依然面临着数量和质量上的挑战,并进一步分析了影响其未来发展的内部和外部因素。具体研究见中国企业社会发展中心:《中国企业社会责任调查报告》,2011年11月8日;殷格非、于志宏、李文:《契约“升级”2007全球契约领袖峰会开启CSR新征程》,《WTO经济导刊》2007年第8期;崔连德:《全球契约与企业社会责任》,《中国船检》2008年第3期,第84~86页;孙伊然:《联合国全球契约:十年回顾与展望》,《现代国际关系》2011年第8期,第24~31页;何丹:《论全球契约与我国公司社会责任制度的完善》,对外经济贸易大学硕士论文,2006年7月;刘稳:《论全球契约的国际政治意义---国际政治社会学视角》,上海交通大学硕士论文,2010年6月;中国企业联合会:《引领全球企业的“全球契约”》,《上海企业》2005年第11期,第13~14页;刘建民、杨明佳:《契约理论视野中的“全球契约”》,《经济研究导刊》2010年第25期,第11~13页。
(1)学界基本从合法性和效率两个角度对全球契约进行了批评和褒奖。批评方面主要有:(1)全球契约近似于一个“蓝色熔炉”(Blue Washing),会掩盖企业逐利本质;(2)缺乏监管和惩罚体制;(3)打破联合国对经济政策的传统立场,动摇联合国的优越性与合法性,败坏联合国名声,使之与非政府组织和发展中国家的合作更加困难,商业部门政治权力的扩大导致联合国权力的弱化。同时也有学者对这些批评作出了反驳,认为联合国全球契约的形式具有一定的合理性,并对其日后的发展进行了预测,提出了建议。具体研究参见Christian Voegtlin,Nicola M.Pless,“Global Governance:CSR and the Role of the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,Issue.2,2014,pp.179~191;Patrick Bernhagen,Mitchell Neil J.and Thissen-Smits Marianne,“Corporate Citizens and the UN Global Compact:Explaining Cross-National Variations in Turnout,”Business and Politics,Vol.15,No.1,2013,pp.21~25;Jorge A.Arevalo and Francis T.Fallon,“Assessing Corporate Responsibility as a Contribution to Global Governance:the Case of the UN Global Compact,”Corporate Governance,Vol.8,No.4,2008,p.122;Andreas Rasche,Sandra Waddock and Malcolm Mclntosh,“The United Nations Global Compact:Retrospect and Prospect,”Business&Society,Vol.52,Issue.1,2013,pp.6~30;Daniel Berliner and Aseem Prakash,“‘Bluewashing’the Firm?Voluntary Regulations,Program Design,and Member Compliance with the United Nations Global Compact,”The Policy Studies Journal,Vol.43,No.1,2014,pp.115~138。
(2)Luis A.Perez-Batres,Van V.Miller and Michael J.Pisan,i“Institutionalizing Sustainability:An Empirical Study of Corporate Registration and Commitment to the United Nations Global Compact Guidelines,”Journal of Cleaner Production,Vol.19,No.8,2011,pp.843~851.
(3)具体研究见Geoffrey William and John Zinkin,“Islam and CSR:A Study of the Compatibility between the Tenets of Islam and the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.31,No.1,2010,pp.20~29.
(1)联合国全球契约的规范传播严格意义上来讲既包括其组织内部的传播,也包括组织外部的传播。本文主要研究的是全球契约组织内部的规范传播机制,对其组织外部的规范传播暂不作讨论。
(2)魏永征:《关于组织传播》,《新闻大学》1997年第3期,第33~36页。
(3)彭凤仪:《论组织与组织传播》,《杭州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1996年第3期,第152~158页。
(1)“交往互动”概念最早由哈贝马斯提出。哈贝马斯在其交往互动理论中指出,道德规范与符号互动是实现社会变革的关键。本文在“交往互动”概念的基础上提出全球契约规范传播的“交往互动”机制。关于哈贝马斯交往互动理论的具体研究和文献,参见[德]哈贝马斯:《现实与对话伦理学》,《世界哲学》1994年第2期,第35~36页;[德]哈贝马斯著,曹卫东译:《交往行为理论》第一卷,上海人民出版社2004年版;章国锋:《哈贝马斯访谈录》,《外国文学评论》2000年第1期,第29~31页;王凤才:《哈贝马斯交往行为理论述评》,《理论学刊》2003年第5期,第39~42页。
(2)洪波:《论哈贝马斯交往行为理论的构建》,《江苏科技大学学报》(社会科学版)2006年第1期,第20~24页。
(1)[美]乔治·赫伯特·米德著,霍桂桓译:《心灵、自我与社会》,华夏出版社1999年版。
(1)Kofi Annan,“Address at Ceremony of Adherence to the Global Compact,”http://www.unglobalcompact.org/NewsAndEvents/speeches_and_statements/sg_adherence_to_gc.html.
(1)联合国全球契约官网:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles。
(1)Patrick Bernhagen,Neil J.Mitchell and Marianne Thissen-Smits,“Corporate Citizens and the UN Global Compact:Explaining Cross-National Variations in Turnout,”Business and Politics,Vol.15,No.1,2013,pp.63~85.
(2)Jorge A.Arevalo,“Collaboration and Partnership in the Context of Indian CSR:The Global Compact Local Network and the I4D Project,”in D.A.Vazquez-Brust et al.,eds.,Collaboration for Sustainability and Innovation:ARole for Sustainability Driven by the Global South?Springer Netherlands,2014,pp.193~216.
(1)Geoffrey Williams and John Zinkin,“Islam and CSR:A Study of the Compatibility between the Tenets of Islam and the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.91,No.4,2010,p.36.
(2)Dorothée Baumann-Pauly and Andreas Georg Scherer,“The Organizational Implementation of Corporate Citizenship:An Assessment Tool and Its Application at UN Global Compact Participants,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.117,No.1,2013,p.7.
(3)S.Prakash Sethi and Donald H.Schepers,“United Nations Global Compact:The Promise-Performance Gap,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.20,No.2,2014,pp.193~208.
(4)Hens Runhaar and Helene Lafferty,“Governing Corporate Social Responsibility:An Assessment of the Contribution of the UN Global Compact to CSR Strategies in the Telecommunications Industry,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.10,No.1,2009,pp.5~9.
(1)Daniel Berliner and Aseem Prakas,“The United Nations Global Compact:An Institutionalist Perspective,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.217~223.
(1)Andreas Rasche,Sandra Waddock,“Global Sustainability Governance and the UN Global Compact:A Rejoinder to Critics,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.209~216.
(2)Dilek Cetindamar,“Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Environmentally Responsible Behavior:The Case of The United Nations Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.76,No.2,2007,pp.163~176.
(3)Christian Voegtlin,Nicola M.Pless,“Global Governance:CSR and the Role of the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.179~191.
(1)Oliver F.Williams,“The United Nations Global Compact:What Did It Promise?”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.32~38.
(2)Vikrant Shirodkar,“Political CSR in India:Analysis of Indian Participants in the United Nations Global Compact in the Pre and Post Mandate Period,”in Nayan Mitra,RenéSchmidpeter,eds.,Corporate Social Responsibility in India,Springer International Publishing,2017,pp.35~34.
(3)“Create and Submit Your CoP,”https://www.unglobalcompact.org/participation/report/cop/create-and-submit.
(1)Jennifer Ann Bremer,“How Global Is the Global Compact?”Business Ethics:A European Review,Vol.17,No.3,2008,pp.227~244.
(2)“UN Global Compact Leaders Summit 2007,”https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/news_events/8.1/GC_Summit_Report_07.pdf.
(3)“Who Cares Wins:Connecting Financial Markets to a Changing World,”http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/280911488968799581/pdf/113237-WP-WhoCaresWins-2004.pdf.
(4)Daniel Berliner,Aseem Prakash,“From Norms to Programs:The United Nations Global Compact and Global Governance,”Regulation&Governance,Vol.6,No.2,2012,pp.149~166.
(1)“What Is a Local Network?”https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/networks_around_world_doc/What is a Local_Network.pdf.
(2)Marinilka Barros Kimbro and Zhiyan Cao,“Does Voluntary Corporate Citizenship Pay?An Examination of the UN Global Compact,”International Journal of Accounting and Information Management,Vol.19,No.3,2011.p.12.
(3)Cubie L.L.Lau,Cliff D.Fisher,John F.Hulpke,William Aidan Kelly and Susanna Taylor,“United Nations Global Compact:The Unmet Promise of the UNGC,”Social Responsibility Journal,Vol.13,No.1,2017,p.15.
(4)蔡拓、王南林:《全球治理:适应全球化的新的合作模式》,《南开学报(哲社版)》2004年第2期,第64~69页。
(5)Luis A.Perez-Batres,Van V.Miller and Michael J.Pisan,i“Institutionalizing Sustainability:An Empirical Study of Corporate Registration and Commitment to the United Nations Global Compact Guidelines,”Journal of Cleaner Production,Vol.19,No.8,2011,pp.843~851.
(1)Susanne Soederberg,“Taming Corporations or Buttressing Market-Led Development?A Critical Assessment of the Global Compact,”Globalizations,Vol.4,No.4,2007,pp.500~513.
(2)Stefan Fritsch,“The UN Global Compact and the Global Governance of Corporate Social Responsibility:Complex Multilateralism for a More Human Globalisation?”Global Society,Vol.22,No.1,2008,p.15.
(3)数据来源:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/participants。
(4)刘永刚、崔晓林等:《专访联合国全球契约组织总干事乔治·科尔:企业社会责任是全球命题》,《中国经济周刊》2013年第14期,第39~41页。
(1)Stefan Fritsch,“The UN Global Compact and the Global Governance of Corporate Social Responsibility:Complex Multilateralism for a More Human Globalisation?”Global Society,Vol.22,No.1,2008,pp.1~26.
(1)Sandrine Tesner and Georg Kell,The United Nations and Business:A Partnership Recovered,Palgrave Macmillan,2000.
(2)[美]约瑟夫·奈著,吴晓辉、钱程译:《软力量:世界政坛成功之道》,东方出版社2005年版,“前言”第2页。
(3)同上,7~8页。
(4)Jean Philippe Therien and Vincent Pouliot,The Global Compact:Shifting the Politics of International Development?New York:Harper&Brothers Publishers,2006,pp.60~61.
(1)何丹:《论全球契约与我国公司社会责任制度的完善》,对外经济贸易大学硕士论文,2006年7月。
(2)Oliver F.Williams,“The United Nations Global Compact:What Did It Promise?”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.241~251.
(3)Michel Coulmont and Sylvie Berthelo,t“The Financial Benefits of a Firm's Affiliation with the UN Global Compact,”Business Ethics A European Review,Vol.24,No.2,2015,pp.144~157.
(4)Andreas Rasche,Sandra Waddock and Malcolm Mclntosh,“The United Nations Global Compact:Retrospect and Prospect,”The Policy Studies Journal,Vol.52,No.1,2013,pp.23~28.
(5)卢静:《全球治理:困境与改革》,社会科学文献出版社2016年版,第2页。
(1)Tariq Banuri and Erika Spanger-Siegfried,“The Global Compact and the Human Economy,”Journal of Human Development and Capabilities,Vol.2,No.1,2001,pp.7~17.
(1)学界基本从合法性和效率两个角度对全球契约进行了批评和褒奖。批评方面主要有:(1)全球契约近似于一个“蓝色熔炉”(Blue Washing),会掩盖企业逐利本质;(2)缺乏监管和惩罚体制;(3)打破联合国对经济政策的传统立场,动摇联合国的优越性与合法性,败坏联合国名声,使之与非政府组织和发展中国家的合作更加困难,商业部门政治权力的扩大导致联合国权力的弱化。同时也有学者对这些批评作出了反驳,认为联合国全球契约的形式具有一定的合理性,并对其日后的发展进行了预测,提出了建议。具体研究参见Christian Voegtlin,Nicola M.Pless,“Global Governance:CSR and the Role of the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,Issue.2,2014,pp.179~191;Patrick Bernhagen,Mitchell Neil J.and Thissen-Smits Marianne,“Corporate Citizens and the UN Global Compact:Explaining Cross-National Variations in Turnout,”Business and Politics,Vol.15,No.1,2013,pp.21~25;Jorge A.Arevalo and Francis T.Fallon,“Assessing Corporate Responsibility as a Contribution to Global Governance:the Case of the UN Global Compact,”Corporate Governance,Vol.8,No.4,2008,p.122;Andreas Rasche,Sandra Waddock and Malcolm Mclntosh,“The United Nations Global Compact:Retrospect and Prospect,”Business&Society,Vol.52,Issue.1,2013,pp.6~30;Daniel Berliner and Aseem Prakash,“‘Bluewashing’the Firm?Voluntary Regulations,Program Design,and Member Compliance with the United Nations Global Compact,”The Policy Studies Journal,Vol.43,No.1,2014,pp.115~138。
(2)Luis A.Perez-Batres,Van V.Miller and Michael J.Pisan,i“Institutionalizing Sustainability:An Empirical Study of Corporate Registration and Commitment to the United Nations Global Compact Guidelines,”Journal of Cleaner Production,Vol.19,No.8,2011,pp.843~851.
(3)具体研究见Geoffrey William and John Zinkin,“Islam and CSR:A Study of the Compatibility between the Tenets of Islam and the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.31,No.1,2010,pp.20~29.
(1)联合国全球契约的规范传播严格意义上来讲既包括其组织内部的传播,也包括组织外部的传播。本文主要研究的是全球契约组织内部的规范传播机制,对其组织外部的规范传播暂不作讨论。
(2)魏永征:《关于组织传播》,《新闻大学》1997年第3期,第33~36页。
(3)彭凤仪:《论组织与组织传播》,《杭州大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1996年第3期,第152~158页。
(1)“交往互动”概念最早由哈贝马斯提出。哈贝马斯在其交往互动理论中指出,道德规范与符号互动是实现社会变革的关键。本文在“交往互动”概念的基础上提出全球契约规范传播的“交往互动”机制。关于哈贝马斯交往互动理论的具体研究和文献,参见[德]哈贝马斯:《现实与对话伦理学》,《世界哲学》1994年第2期,第35~36页;[德]哈贝马斯著,曹卫东译:《交往行为理论》第一卷,上海人民出版社2004年版;章国锋:《哈贝马斯访谈录》,《外国文学评论》2000年第1期,第29~31页;王凤才:《哈贝马斯交往行为理论述评》,《理论学刊》2003年第5期,第39~42页。
(2)洪波:《论哈贝马斯交往行为理论的构建》,《江苏科技大学学报》(社会科学版)2006年第1期,第20~24页。
(1)[美]乔治·赫伯特·米德著,霍桂桓译:《心灵、自我与社会》,华夏出版社1999年版。
(1)Kofi Annan,“Address at Ceremony of Adherence to the Global Compact,”http://www.unglobalcompact.org/NewsAndEvents/speeches_and_statements/sg_adherence_to_gc.html.
(1)联合国全球契约官网:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles。
(1)Patrick Bernhagen,Neil J.Mitchell and Marianne Thissen-Smits,“Corporate Citizens and the UN Global Compact:Explaining Cross-National Variations in Turnout,”Business and Politics,Vol.15,No.1,2013,pp.63~85.
(2)Jorge A.Arevalo,“Collaboration and Partnership in the Context of Indian CSR:The Global Compact Local Network and the I4D Project,”in D.A.Vazquez-Brust et al.,eds.,Collaboration for Sustainability and Innovation:ARole for Sustainability Driven by the Global South?Springer Netherlands,2014,pp.193~216.
(1)Geoffrey Williams and John Zinkin,“Islam and CSR:A Study of the Compatibility between the Tenets of Islam and the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.91,No.4,2010,p.36.
(2)Dorothée Baumann-Pauly and Andreas Georg Scherer,“The Organizational Implementation of Corporate Citizenship:An Assessment Tool and Its Application at UN Global Compact Participants,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.117,No.1,2013,p.7.
(3)S.Prakash Sethi and Donald H.Schepers,“United Nations Global Compact:The Promise-Performance Gap,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.20,No.2,2014,pp.193~208.
(4)Hens Runhaar and Helene Lafferty,“Governing Corporate Social Responsibility:An Assessment of the Contribution of the UN Global Compact to CSR Strategies in the Telecommunications Industry,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.10,No.1,2009,pp.5~9.
(1)Daniel Berliner and Aseem Prakas,“The United Nations Global Compact:An Institutionalist Perspective,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.217~223.
(1)Andreas Rasche,Sandra Waddock,“Global Sustainability Governance and the UN Global Compact:A Rejoinder to Critics,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.209~216.
(2)Dilek Cetindamar,“Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Environmentally Responsible Behavior:The Case of The United Nations Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.76,No.2,2007,pp.163~176.
(3)Christian Voegtlin,Nicola M.Pless,“Global Governance:CSR and the Role of the UN Global Compact,”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.179~191.
(1)Oliver F.Williams,“The United Nations Global Compact:What Did It Promise?”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.32~38.
(2)Vikrant Shirodkar,“Political CSR in India:Analysis of Indian Participants in the United Nations Global Compact in the Pre and Post Mandate Period,”in Nayan Mitra,RenéSchmidpeter,eds.,Corporate Social Responsibility in India,Springer International Publishing,2017,pp.35~34.
(3)“Create and Submit Your CoP,”https://www.unglobalcompact.org/participation/report/cop/create-and-submit.
(1)Jennifer Ann Bremer,“How Global Is the Global Compact?”Business Ethics:A European Review,Vol.17,No.3,2008,pp.227~244.
(2)“UN Global Compact Leaders Summit 2007,”https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/news_events/8.1/GC_Summit_Report_07.pdf.
(3)“Who Cares Wins:Connecting Financial Markets to a Changing World,”http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/280911488968799581/pdf/113237-WP-WhoCaresWins-2004.pdf.
(4)Daniel Berliner,Aseem Prakash,“From Norms to Programs:The United Nations Global Compact and Global Governance,”Regulation&Governance,Vol.6,No.2,2012,pp.149~166.
(1)“What Is a Local Network?”https://www.unglobalcompact.org/docs/networks_around_world_doc/What is a Local_Network.pdf.
(2)Marinilka Barros Kimbro and Zhiyan Cao,“Does Voluntary Corporate Citizenship Pay?An Examination of the UN Global Compact,”International Journal of Accounting and Information Management,Vol.19,No.3,2011.p.12.
(3)Cubie L.L.Lau,Cliff D.Fisher,John F.Hulpke,William Aidan Kelly and Susanna Taylor,“United Nations Global Compact:The Unmet Promise of the UNGC,”Social Responsibility Journal,Vol.13,No.1,2017,p.15.
(4)蔡拓、王南林:《全球治理:适应全球化的新的合作模式》,《南开学报(哲社版)》2004年第2期,第64~69页。
(5)Luis A.Perez-Batres,Van V.Miller and Michael J.Pisan,i“Institutionalizing Sustainability:An Empirical Study of Corporate Registration and Commitment to the United Nations Global Compact Guidelines,”Journal of Cleaner Production,Vol.19,No.8,2011,pp.843~851.
(1)Susanne Soederberg,“Taming Corporations or Buttressing Market-Led Development?A Critical Assessment of the Global Compact,”Globalizations,Vol.4,No.4,2007,pp.500~513.
(2)Stefan Fritsch,“The UN Global Compact and the Global Governance of Corporate Social Responsibility:Complex Multilateralism for a More Human Globalisation?”Global Society,Vol.22,No.1,2008,p.15.
(3)数据来源:https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/participants。
(4)刘永刚、崔晓林等:《专访联合国全球契约组织总干事乔治·科尔:企业社会责任是全球命题》,《中国经济周刊》2013年第14期,第39~41页。
(1)Stefan Fritsch,“The UN Global Compact and the Global Governance of Corporate Social Responsibility:Complex Multilateralism for a More Human Globalisation?”Global Society,Vol.22,No.1,2008,pp.1~26.
(1)Sandrine Tesner and Georg Kell,The United Nations and Business:A Partnership Recovered,Palgrave Macmillan,2000.
(2)[美]约瑟夫·奈著,吴晓辉、钱程译:《软力量:世界政坛成功之道》,东方出版社2005年版,“前言”第2页。
(3)同上,7~8页。
(4)Jean Philippe Therien and Vincent Pouliot,The Global Compact:Shifting the Politics of International Development?New York:Harper&Brothers Publishers,2006,pp.60~61.
(1)何丹:《论全球契约与我国公司社会责任制度的完善》,对外经济贸易大学硕士论文,2006年7月。
(2)Oliver F.Williams,“The United Nations Global Compact:What Did It Promise?”Journal of Business Ethics,Vol.122,No.2,2014,pp.241~251.
(3)Michel Coulmont and Sylvie Berthelo,t“The Financial Benefits of a Firm's Affiliation with the UN Global Compact,”Business Ethics A European Review,Vol.24,No.2,2015,pp.144~157.
(4)Andreas Rasche,Sandra Waddock and Malcolm Mclntosh,“The United Nations Global Compact:Retrospect and Prospect,”The Policy Studies Journal,Vol.52,No.1,2013,pp.23~28.
(5)卢静:《全球治理:困境与改革》,社会科学文献出版社2016年版,第2页。
(1)Tariq Banuri and Erika Spanger-Siegfried,“The Global Compact and the Human Economy,”Journal of Human Development and Capabilities,Vol.2,No.1,2001,pp.7~17.