化学预氧化对苏氨酸生成三氯乙醛的影响
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摘要
以具有最大比三氯乙醛生成潜能(SCHFP)的苏氨酸为研究对象,分析了次氯酸钠(NaClO)、二氧化氯(ClO_2)、高锰酸钾(KMnO_4)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、臭氧(O_3)和臭氧过氧化氢(O_3/H_2O_2)等预氧化剂对三氯乙醛(CH)生成的影响,以确定合适的预氧化剂及其适宜投加量,为CH的控制提供指导.结果表明,能够有效去除一天CH生成量(CH1d)的预氧化方式依次为H_2O_2、ClO_2、KMnO_4和NaClO,适宜投加量分别为3、0.5、0.6和0.5mg·L-1,对CH1d相应的去除率分别为61.54%、47.63%、29.77%和10.94%;能够有效去除CH生成潜能(CHFP)的预氧化方式依次为KMnO_4、NaClO、H_2O_2和ClO_2,适宜投加量分别为0.6、0.5、3和0.5mg·L~(-1),对CHFP相应的去除率分别为41.01%、33.38%、8.36%和2.40%;O_3和O_3/H_2O_2预氧化能够使CH1d和CHFP增加,不适用于对CH的控制.
The influences of different chemical pre-oxidants,including sodium hypochlorite( NaClO),chlorine dioxide( ClO_2),permanganate( KMnO_4),hydrogen peroxide( H_2O_2),ozone( O_3) and ozone/hydrogen peroxide( O_3/ H_2O_2),on chloral hydrate( CH) formation were studied for threonine that has the highest special chloral hydrate formation potential( SCHFP). Suitable preoxidants and corresponding optimal doses were determined to provide guidance for controlling chloral hydrate( CH) formation during drinking water treatment. The results indicated that the pre-oxidants that could decrease CH formation for one day incubation time( CH1d) were H_2O_2,ClO_2,KMnO_4 and NaClO,and the corresponding suitable doses were 3,0. 5,0. 6 and 0. 5 mg·L~(-1),and the corresponding CH1 dremoval rates were 61. 54%,47. 63%,29. 77% and 10. 94%,respectively. The pre-oxidants that could decrease CH formation potential( CHFP) were KMnO_4,NaClO,H_2O_2 and ClO_2,and the corresponding suitable doses were 0. 6 mg·L~(-1),0. 5mg·L~(-1),3 mg·L~(-1) and 0. 5 mg·L- 1,and the corresponding CHFP removal rates were 41. 01%,33. 38%,8. 36% and 2. 40%,respectively. In addition,O_3 and O_3/ H_2O_2 were not suitable for controlling CH in the conventional treatment process because they could increase CH1 dand CHFP.
The influences of different chemical pre-oxidants,including sodium hypochlorite( NaClO),chlorine dioxide( ClO_2),permanganate( KMnO_4),hydrogen peroxide( H_2O_2),ozone( O_3) and ozone/hydrogen peroxide( O_3/ H_2O_2),on chloral hydrate( CH) formation were studied for threonine that has the highest special chloral hydrate formation potential( SCHFP). Suitable preoxidants and corresponding optimal doses were determined to provide guidance for controlling chloral hydrate( CH) formation during drinking water treatment. The results indicated that the pre-oxidants that could decrease CH formation for one day incubation time( CH1d) were H_2O_2,ClO_2,KMnO_4 and NaClO,and the corresponding suitable doses were 3,0. 5,0. 6 and 0. 5 mg·L~(-1),and the corresponding CH1 dremoval rates were 61. 54%,47. 63%,29. 77% and 10. 94%,respectively. The pre-oxidants that could decrease CH formation potential( CHFP) were KMnO_4,NaClO,H_2O_2 and ClO_2,and the corresponding suitable doses were 0. 6 mg·L~(-1),0. 5mg·L~(-1),3 mg·L~(-1) and 0. 5 mg·L- 1,and the corresponding CHFP removal rates were 41. 01%,33. 38%,8. 36% and 2. 40%,respectively. In addition,O_3 and O_3/ H_2O_2 were not suitable for controlling CH in the conventional treatment process because they could increase CH1 dand CHFP.
引文
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[21]Chu W H,Gao N Y,Yin D Q,et al.Impact of UV/H2O2preoxidation on the formation of haloacetamides and other nitrogenous disinfection byproducts during chlorination[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(20):12190-12198.
[22]谢鹏超,岳思阳,邹景,等.四种预氧化方式对AOC及消毒副产物影响的对比[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(7):6-9.
[23]Krasner S W,Sclimenti M J,Coffey B M.Testing biologically active filters for removing aldehydes formed during ozonation[J].Journal(American Water Works Association),1993,85(5):62-71.
[24]Koudjonou B,Le Bel G L,Dabeka L.Formation of halogenated acetaldehydes,and occurrence in Canadian drinking water[J].Chemosphere,2008,72(6):875-881.
[25]Volk C,Roche P,Joret J C,et al.Comparison of the effect of ozone,ozone-hydrogen peroxide system and catalytic ozone on the biodegradable organic matter of a fulvic acid solution[J].Water Research,1997,31(3):650-656.
[26]Yang X,Peng J F,Chen B Y,et al.Effects of ozone and ozone/peroxide pretreatments on disinfection byproduct formation during subsequent chlorination and chloramination[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,239-240:348-354.
[2]Gan W H,Guo W H,Mo J M,et al.The occurrence of disinfection by-products in municipal drinking water in China's Pearl River Delta and a multipathway cancer risk assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,447:108-115.
[3]Chu W H,Gao N Y,Deng Y,et al.Precursors of dichloroacetamide,an emerging nitrogenous DBP formed during chlorination or chloramination[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2010,44(10):3908-3912.
[4]Krasner S W,Weinberg H S,Richardson S D,et al.Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(23):7175-7185.
[5]Koudjonou B K,Le Bel G L.Halogenated acetaldehydes:analysis,stability and fate in drinking water[J].Chemosphere,2006,64(5):795-802.
[6]Korshin G V,Benjamin M,Hemingway O,et al.Development of differential UV spectroscopy for DBP monitoring[M].Denver:American Water Works Association,2002.6.
[7]Richardson S D,Postigo C.Drinking water disinfection byproducts[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2012.93-137.
[8]GB 5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].
[9]厚生労働省.水道水質基準について[S].
[10]NHMRC,NRMMC.Australian drinking water guidelines[S].
[11]卢小艳,蔡广强,刘丽君,等.南方某河流原水中消毒副产物前体物的季节性变化[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(11):51-55.
[12]袁希慧.福州市自来水厂原水氯化消毒副产物的生成特性研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2012.41-43.
[13]倪攀,华一江,杨海兵,等.苏州地区城乡生活饮用水水质调查与分析[J].环境卫生学杂志,2011,1(4):10-13.
[14]Trehy M L,Yost R A,Miles C J.Chlorination byproducts of amino acids in natural waters[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1986,20(11):1117-1122.
[15]Ueno H,Moto T,Sayato Y,et al.Disinfection by-products in the chlorination of organic nitrogen compounds:by-products from kynurenine[J].Chemosphere,1996,33(8):1425-1433.
[16]蔡广强,刘丽君,张金松,等.水合三氯乙醛前体物的分子量分布和荧光特性[J].净水技术,2014,33(5):17-23,42.
[17]APHA,AWWA,WEF,et al.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater(22th ed.)[M].New York:American Water Works Association,2012.
[18]Chu W H,Gao N Y,Deng Y,et al.Impacts of drinking water pretreatments on the formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(24):11161-11166.
[19]Chu W H,Yao D C,Gao N Y,et al.The enhanced removal of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-product precursors using integrated permanganate oxidation and powdered activated carbon adsorption pretreatment[J].Chemosphere,2015,141:1-6.
[20]谢家山.预氧化协同混凝去除嘉陵江水中有机污染物研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.61.
[21]Chu W H,Gao N Y,Yin D Q,et al.Impact of UV/H2O2preoxidation on the formation of haloacetamides and other nitrogenous disinfection byproducts during chlorination[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(20):12190-12198.
[22]谢鹏超,岳思阳,邹景,等.四种预氧化方式对AOC及消毒副产物影响的对比[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(7):6-9.
[23]Krasner S W,Sclimenti M J,Coffey B M.Testing biologically active filters for removing aldehydes formed during ozonation[J].Journal(American Water Works Association),1993,85(5):62-71.
[24]Koudjonou B,Le Bel G L,Dabeka L.Formation of halogenated acetaldehydes,and occurrence in Canadian drinking water[J].Chemosphere,2008,72(6):875-881.
[25]Volk C,Roche P,Joret J C,et al.Comparison of the effect of ozone,ozone-hydrogen peroxide system and catalytic ozone on the biodegradable organic matter of a fulvic acid solution[J].Water Research,1997,31(3):650-656.
[26]Yang X,Peng J F,Chen B Y,et al.Effects of ozone and ozone/peroxide pretreatments on disinfection byproduct formation during subsequent chlorination and chloramination[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,239-240:348-354.