制造企业技术创新与商业模式创新协同演化:一个多案例研究
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摘要
制造企业发展过程表明,技术创新和商业模式创新之间存在复杂的协同演化关系。结合多案例研究方法,分析制造企业演化过程中技术创新和商业模式创新的匹配模式、协同演化关系。结果发现:技术创新和商业模式创新动态演化存在3种模式:简单线性模式、反馈控制模式、复杂系统模式。基于此,构建技术创新和商业模式创新协同演化模型,指出协同演化呈现"创新-调整-适应"等复杂的螺旋化发展过程,并提出技术创新和商业模式创新协同演化的3种机制:互动机制、学习机制、选择与反馈机制。突破了关于技术创新和商业模式创新之间简单的线性关系和静态视角,从动态视角分析技术创新和商业模式创新协同演化,补充和修正了技术创新和商业模式创新关系的认识,丰富了现有创新演化理论。研究结论对中国制造企业实施创新战略的启示在于:单一创新虽然在一定程度上能为制造企业带来盈利,但是其作用和持续性均有限,技术创新和商业模式创新有效协同是制造企业竞争力持续提升的关键。
The development of manufacturing enterprise shows that there is a complicated co-evolution process between technological innovation and business model innovation.this paper analyzes the matching and co-evolution relations of technological innovation and business model innovation during the evolution of manufacturing enterprises combining with multi-case research methods.The results show that there are three dynamic evolution models in technological innovation and business model innovation:simple linear model,feedback control model,and the complex system model.Based on this,the co-evolution model of technological innovation and business model innovation is constructed,and point out that co-evolution is a complex spiral development process of "innovation-adjustment-adaptation" and proposes three co-evolution mechanisms of technological innovation and business model innovation:interaction mechanism,learning mechanism,selection and feedback mechanism.This article breaks through the simple linear relationship and static perspective on the relationship between technological innovation and business model innovation,and analyzes the co-evolution of technology innovation and business model innovation from dynamic perspective,supplements and corrects the relationship between technology innovation and business model innovation,enriches the existing theory of innovation and evolution.The research enlightenments to implement the innovation strategy of Chinese manufacturing enterprises lies in that although the single innovation can bring profit to the manufacturing enterprise to a certain extent,but its function and persistence are limited.The effective coordination of technological innovation and business model innovation is key to realize the continuous competition of manufacturing enterprises.
The development of manufacturing enterprise shows that there is a complicated co-evolution process between technological innovation and business model innovation.this paper analyzes the matching and co-evolution relations of technological innovation and business model innovation during the evolution of manufacturing enterprises combining with multi-case research methods.The results show that there are three dynamic evolution models in technological innovation and business model innovation:simple linear model,feedback control model,and the complex system model.Based on this,the co-evolution model of technological innovation and business model innovation is constructed,and point out that co-evolution is a complex spiral development process of "innovation-adjustment-adaptation" and proposes three co-evolution mechanisms of technological innovation and business model innovation:interaction mechanism,learning mechanism,selection and feedback mechanism.This article breaks through the simple linear relationship and static perspective on the relationship between technological innovation and business model innovation,and analyzes the co-evolution of technology innovation and business model innovation from dynamic perspective,supplements and corrects the relationship between technology innovation and business model innovation,enriches the existing theory of innovation and evolution.The research enlightenments to implement the innovation strategy of Chinese manufacturing enterprises lies in that although the single innovation can bring profit to the manufacturing enterprise to a certain extent,but its function and persistence are limited.The effective coordination of technological innovation and business model innovation is key to realize the continuous competition of manufacturing enterprises.
引文
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[24]李佳怡.王传福与比亚迪[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2008:198.
[25]魏昕,廖小东.比亚迪真相[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2010:10-240.
[26]杨雷.基于物-场模型的商业模式创新探讨[J].商业时代,2012(11):33-34.
[27]甘霖.创新引致的后发优势分析---以比亚迪为例[D].天津:南开大学,2010:9-17.
[28]邓汝春,陈广仁.制造企业的商业模式创新演化路径探讨---基于价值链的理论分析框架[J].商业经济研究,2015(21):112-114.
[29]王立宏.企业技术创新路径依赖的演化分析[J].山东社会科学,2013(3):154-157.
[30]李东,徐天舒,白璐.基于试错-学习的商业模式实验创新:总体过程与领导角色[J].东南大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2013,15(3):20-27.
[31]WIRTZ B W,O SCHILKE,S ULLRICH.Strategic development of business models implications of the web 2.0for greating value on the internet[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):272-290.
[32]SOSNA M,R N TREVINYO-RODRIGUEZ,S R VEL-AMURI.Business model innovation through trial-and-error learning the naturhouse case[J].Long Range Planning,2010.43(2-3):383-407.
[33]CAVALCANTE S,KESTING P,ULHOI J.Business model dynamics and innovation:(re)establishing the missing linkages[J].Management Decision,2011,49(8):1327-1342.
[34]贺莉.后发企业技术学习与技术多样化及其创新能力演变分析:TCL案例剖析[J].科技和产业,2006,6(12):22-25.
[2]洪志生,薛澜,周源.新兴产业发展中商业模式创新对技术创新的作用机理分析[J].中国科技论坛,2015(1):39-44.
[3]周芳.基于商业生态系统的技术、商业模式、品牌协同创新耦合机制研究[J].商业经济研究,2016(10):108-109.
[4]李志强,赵卫军.企业技术创新与商业模式创新的协同研究[J].中国软科学,2012(10):117-124.
[5]PATELI A G,GIAGLIS G M.Echnology innovation-induced business model change:a contingency approach[J].Organizational Change Management,2005,18(2):167-183.
[6]吴菲菲.新技术引致商业模式创新的研究[J].科技管理研究,2010(23):1-4.
[7]HENRY CHESBROUGH,ROSENBLOOM R S.The role of business model in capturing value from innovation:evidence from xerox corporation's technology spin-off companies[J].Industrial and Corporate Change,2002,11(3):529-555.
[8]洪志生,薛澜,周源.新兴产业发展中商业模式创新对技术创新的作用机理分析[J].中国科技论坛,2015(1):39-44.
[9]刘常勇.技术商业化的成功经验[J].21世纪商业评论,2005(16):32-33.
[10]TEECE D J.Business models,business strategy and innovation[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2):172-194.
[11]戚耀元,戴淑芬,葛泽慧.“互联网+”环境下企业创新系统耦合研究---技术创新与商业模式创新耦合案例分析[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(23):76-80.
[12]戚耀元.面向高新制造企业的技术创新与商业模式创新耦合关系及其对绩效的影响研究[D].北京:北京科技大学,2017:18-55.
[13]MURMANN J P.Knowledge and competitive advantage:the coevolution of firms,technology and national institutions[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[14]MALERBA F.Innovation and the evolution of industries[J].Journal of Evolutionary Economics,2006,16(1-2):3-23.
[15]VOLBERDA H,LEWIN A.Co-evolutionary dynamics within and between firms:from evolution to co-evolution[J].Journal of Management Studies,2003,8(40):2111-2136.
[16]FOSTER J,METCALFE J S.演化经济学前沿:竞争、自组织与创新政策[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:51-230.
[17]BOWLES S,HERBERT GINTIS.The evolution of strong reciprocity:cooperation in heterogeneous populations[J].Theoretical Population Biology,2004,65(1):17-28.
[18]NORGAARD R.Coevolutionary agricultural development[J].Economic Development and Cultural Change,1984,(3):525-546.
[19]彭纪生.中国技术协同创新[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2000:85-100.
[20]汪秀婷,程斌武.资源整合、协同创新与企业动态能力的耦合机理[J].科研管理,2014(4):44-50.
[21]童心,于丽英.基于商业生态系统的技术创新与商业模式创新耦合机制研究[J].科技进步与对策,2014(12):17-22.
[22]刘建刚,钱玺娇.“互联网+”战略下企业技术创新与商业模式创新协同发展路径研究---以小米科技有限责任公司为案例[J].科技进步与对策,2016,33(1):88-94.
[23]岑汝萍.基于隔离机制的技术创新与商业模式创新动态协同研究[J].广东经济,2017(16):22-23.
[24]李佳怡.王传福与比亚迪[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2008:198.
[25]魏昕,廖小东.比亚迪真相[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2010:10-240.
[26]杨雷.基于物-场模型的商业模式创新探讨[J].商业时代,2012(11):33-34.
[27]甘霖.创新引致的后发优势分析---以比亚迪为例[D].天津:南开大学,2010:9-17.
[28]邓汝春,陈广仁.制造企业的商业模式创新演化路径探讨---基于价值链的理论分析框架[J].商业经济研究,2015(21):112-114.
[29]王立宏.企业技术创新路径依赖的演化分析[J].山东社会科学,2013(3):154-157.
[30]李东,徐天舒,白璐.基于试错-学习的商业模式实验创新:总体过程与领导角色[J].东南大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2013,15(3):20-27.
[31]WIRTZ B W,O SCHILKE,S ULLRICH.Strategic development of business models implications of the web 2.0for greating value on the internet[J].Long Range Planning,2010,43(2-3):272-290.
[32]SOSNA M,R N TREVINYO-RODRIGUEZ,S R VEL-AMURI.Business model innovation through trial-and-error learning the naturhouse case[J].Long Range Planning,2010.43(2-3):383-407.
[33]CAVALCANTE S,KESTING P,ULHOI J.Business model dynamics and innovation:(re)establishing the missing linkages[J].Management Decision,2011,49(8):1327-1342.
[34]贺莉.后发企业技术学习与技术多样化及其创新能力演变分析:TCL案例剖析[J].科技和产业,2006,6(12):22-25.