风火联运源端系统有功优化运行分层协调思路
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摘要
中国风资源与负荷中心逆向分布的特点客观上形成了含集群风电的多电源联运源端系统,其中最典型的是风火联运源端系统,提高其发电的控制灵活性对于促进风电消纳十分重要。针对"三北"地区风火联运源端系统特点,提出在调度中心和源端发电单元之间建立有功优化运行层,对局部分散的风电场和火电机组进行协调控制,从而提高源端电力的控制灵活性,充分利用消纳空间以提高风电利用率;其中,异特性多类型机组联运的控制复杂性问题、强刚性风火联运源端系统应对可再生能源发电波动性难题是实现源端系统有功优化运行的关键难题。文中从区域风电场群协调模式、多空间尺度分层协调模式以及多时间尺度逐级精细化策略3个方面提出了相应的解决思路;在此基础上,提出多时空尺度分层协调有功优化运行体系,并梳理相应的运行性能评价指标;最后,着重从体系中风火协调层、集群风电协调层两个角度阐述关键技术问题。
The reverse distribution of wind resource and electrical load center forms the regional transmission systems with multiple types of power sources and high penetration of wind power in the Northwest,North and Northeast China.Of those systems,the wind and thermal power bundled transmission system is the most typical one.Improving its generation controllability is the key issue to increase the proportion of wind power accommodation.First,based on an understanding of characteristics of the wind and thermal power bundled transmission system,an idea of building a new optimal operation layer between the generation units and dispatch center is proposed,which is responsible for the coordinated control between local scattered wind farms and thermal units to make the total generation more controllable and increase the wind power utilization rate.The control complexity of the combined multiple types of units with different characteristics,and dealing with the variability from renewable energy in such strong rigid generation systems are the main challenges to this optimal operation layer.The entire operation control schemes are described from three aspects,i.e.the wind farm clusters coordinated control mode,the hierarchical control mode over multiple spatial scales and the detailed coordinated control over multiple temporal scales.Finally,the hierarchical coordinated optimal operation system and corresponding operation performance evaluation indices are proposed.Moreover,the key technical problems of the optimal operation system are discussed from two aspects:the coordinated layer between wind and thermal power and that inside wind power clusters.
The reverse distribution of wind resource and electrical load center forms the regional transmission systems with multiple types of power sources and high penetration of wind power in the Northwest,North and Northeast China.Of those systems,the wind and thermal power bundled transmission system is the most typical one.Improving its generation controllability is the key issue to increase the proportion of wind power accommodation.First,based on an understanding of characteristics of the wind and thermal power bundled transmission system,an idea of building a new optimal operation layer between the generation units and dispatch center is proposed,which is responsible for the coordinated control between local scattered wind farms and thermal units to make the total generation more controllable and increase the wind power utilization rate.The control complexity of the combined multiple types of units with different characteristics,and dealing with the variability from renewable energy in such strong rigid generation systems are the main challenges to this optimal operation layer.The entire operation control schemes are described from three aspects,i.e.the wind farm clusters coordinated control mode,the hierarchical control mode over multiple spatial scales and the detailed coordinated control over multiple temporal scales.Finally,the hierarchical coordinated optimal operation system and corresponding operation performance evaluation indices are proposed.Moreover,the key technical problems of the optimal operation system are discussed from two aspects:the coordinated layer between wind and thermal power and that inside wind power clusters.
引文
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[15]SWAROOP PAPPALA V,ERLICH I,ROHRIG K,et al.A stochastic model for the optimal operation of a wind-thermal power system[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2009,24(2):940-950.
[16]WANG Qianfan,GUAN Yongpei,WANG Jianhui.A chance-constrained two-stage stochastic program for unit commitment with uncertain wind power output[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2012,27(1):206-215.
[17]周任军,姚龙华,童小娇,等.采用条件风险方法的含风电系统安全经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):56-63.ZHOU Renjun,YAO Longhua,TONG Xiaojiao,et al.Security economic dispatch in wind power integrated systems using a conditional risk method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):56-63.
[18]DOHERTY R,O′MALLEY M.A new approach to quantify reserve demand in systems with significant installed wind capacity[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2005,20(2):587-595.
[19]ORTEGA-VAZQUEZ M A,KIRSCHEN D S.Assessing the impact of wind power generation on operating costs[J].IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2010,1(3):295-301.
[20]王彩霞,乔颖,鲁宗相.考虑风电效益的风火互济系统旋转备用确定方式[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(4):16-21.WANG Caixia,QIAO Ying,LU Zongxiang.A method for determination of spinning reserve in wind-thermal power systems considering wind power benefits[J].Automation of Electric of Power Systems,2012,36(4):16-21.
[21]CASTRONUOVO E D,MARTINEZ-CRESPO J,USAOLA J.Optimal controllability of wind generators in a delegated dispatch[J].Electric Power System Research,2007(77):1442-1448.
[22]CASTRONUOVO E D,USAOLA J,JARAMILLO.Delegated dispatching of wind farms:an optimal approach considering continuous control and interruption capabilities[J].Wind Energy,2009(12):332-347.
[2]中国风能协会(CWEA).2011年风电限电情况初步统计[J].风能,2012(4):38-39.Chinese Wind Energy Association(CWEA).Preliminary statistics of wind power curtailment in 2011[J].Wind Energy,2012(4):38-39.
[3]叶希,鲁宗相,乔颖,等.大规模风电机组连锁脱网事故机理初探[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):11-17.YE Xi,LU Zongxiang,QIAO Ying,et al.A primary analysis on mechanism of large scale cascading trip-off of wind turbine generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):11-17.
[4]ROHRIG K,SCHLOGL F,JURSA R,et al.Advanced control strategies to integrate German offshore wind potential into electrical energy supply[C]//5th International Workshop on Large-scale Integration of Wind Power and Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms,2005,Glasgow,UK.
[5]行舟,陈永华,陈振寰,等.大型集群风电有功智能控制系统控制策略:(一)风电场之间的协调控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(20):20-24.XING Zhou,CHEN Yonghua,CHEN Zhenhuan,et al.A control strategy of active power intelligent control system for large cluster of wind farms:Part one coordination control for wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(20):20-24.
[6]陈振寰,陈永华,行舟,等.大型集群风电有功智能控制系统控制策略:(二)风火电“打捆”外送协调控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(21):12-15.CHEN Zhenhuan,CHEN Yonghua,XING Zhou,et al.A control strategy of active power intelligent control system for large cluster of wind farms:Part two coordination control for shared transmission of wind power and thermal power[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(21):12-15.
[7]薛峰,常康,汪宁渤.大规模间歇式能源发电并网集群协调控制框架[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(22):45-53.XUE Feng,CHANG Kang,WANG Ningbo.Coordinated control frame of large-scale intermittent power plant cluster[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(22):45-53.
[8]National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL).Operating reserves and variable generation[R/OL].[2013-01-22].http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy11osti/51978.pdf.
[9]王彩霞.风火互济系统中风电对有功平衡影响的机理研究[D].北京:清华大学,2012.
[10]ERNST B,WAN Y H,KIRBY B.Short-term power fluctuation of wind turbines:analyzing data from the German250 MW measurement program from the ancillary service viewpoint[C]//Wind Power’99 Conference,June 20-23,1999,Burlington,VT,USA.
[11]肖创英,汪宁渤,丁坤,等.甘肃酒泉风电功率调节方式的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(10):1-7.XIAO Chuangying,WANG Ningbo,DING Kun,et al.System power regulation scheme for Jiuquan wind power base[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(10):1-7.
[12]GIEBEL G,SRENSEN P,HOLTTINEN H.Forecast error of aggregated wind power[R/OL].[2013-01-22].http://www.trade-wind.eu/fileadmin/documents/publications/D2.2_Estimates_of_forecast_error_for_aggregated_wind_power_Final.pdf.
[13]黄强.含大规模风电的电力系统有功平衡问题研究综述[J].电力建设,2013,34(4):27-31.HUANG Qiang.Research on active power balance problem of power system with large-scale wind power connection[J].Electric Power Construction,2013,34(4):27-31.
[14]GB/T-200中华人民共和国国家标准——风电场接入电力系统技术规定(征求意见稿)[S/OL].[2014-03-10].http://www.geocities.jp/ps_dictionary/cpapers3/p010.pdf.
[15]SWAROOP PAPPALA V,ERLICH I,ROHRIG K,et al.A stochastic model for the optimal operation of a wind-thermal power system[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2009,24(2):940-950.
[16]WANG Qianfan,GUAN Yongpei,WANG Jianhui.A chance-constrained two-stage stochastic program for unit commitment with uncertain wind power output[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2012,27(1):206-215.
[17]周任军,姚龙华,童小娇,等.采用条件风险方法的含风电系统安全经济调度[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(1):56-63.ZHOU Renjun,YAO Longhua,TONG Xiaojiao,et al.Security economic dispatch in wind power integrated systems using a conditional risk method[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(1):56-63.
[18]DOHERTY R,O′MALLEY M.A new approach to quantify reserve demand in systems with significant installed wind capacity[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2005,20(2):587-595.
[19]ORTEGA-VAZQUEZ M A,KIRSCHEN D S.Assessing the impact of wind power generation on operating costs[J].IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2010,1(3):295-301.
[20]王彩霞,乔颖,鲁宗相.考虑风电效益的风火互济系统旋转备用确定方式[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(4):16-21.WANG Caixia,QIAO Ying,LU Zongxiang.A method for determination of spinning reserve in wind-thermal power systems considering wind power benefits[J].Automation of Electric of Power Systems,2012,36(4):16-21.
[21]CASTRONUOVO E D,MARTINEZ-CRESPO J,USAOLA J.Optimal controllability of wind generators in a delegated dispatch[J].Electric Power System Research,2007(77):1442-1448.
[22]CASTRONUOVO E D,USAOLA J,JARAMILLO.Delegated dispatching of wind farms:an optimal approach considering continuous control and interruption capabilities[J].Wind Energy,2009(12):332-347.